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How to design
 solutions for
 sustainability?
April 2012




Strategy Consulting
70 rue Cortambert - 75116 Paris
+33 1 56 91 20 34
ibg@helixa.com
tv@helixa.com
Designing solutions
for sustainability



                       1                       IS IT TIME TO RETHINK YOUR STRATEGY?



                       2                       HOW TO DESIGN AND ORGANIZE THE CHANGE?



                       3                       ILLUSTRATIONS: SOME ECO-DESIGN TRENDS




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                2
Is it time to rethink your strategy?




                          1.1                  DESIGNING STRATEGIES IN A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT



                          1.2                  WHY RETHINKING STRATEGIES?




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                   3
“ Take, make, waste ”…
our current industrial system

            1                            2                     3                   4                      5

     CONCEPTION                   PRODUCTION               RETAILING          CONSUMPTION           DISPOSAL?



    Designing the              Production of the         Transportation,   Consumer purchase     What about the end
  characteristics and         product or service in        Packaging,      Consumption of the    of life of a product?
  the patterns of the             high scales              Marketing,      product or services
       product                                           Communication




 Engineers                    Project manager         Marketers          Purchasers                Who
 Design team                  Workers                 Commercials        Consumers           should handle the;
 Desk of study/Lab            Office clerks           Logistics                                product’s disposal?




                                                      ORGANIZATION IN SILO:
              PRODUCTS ARE CONCEIVED WITHOUT ANY ATTENTION TO THE DEMANDS AT STAKE

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                       4
…how to deal with
this complex world?
                                                      ENDANGERED
                                                      BIODIVERSITY


                                    COMPLIANCE                         RAW MATERIALS DEPLETION
                                 & REGULATIONS                         & PRICE VOLATILITY




                                                      STRATEGY
                         ENVIRONMENTAL                                       ENERGETIC
                                                       DESIGN
                                  IMPACTS                                    CONSUMPTION
                                                       PROCESS




                                    CONSUMERS’                         ONG
                                   EXPECTATIONS                        CAMPAIGNS


                                                        HEALTH
                                                        DAMAGES




                                         ENVIRONMENT GROWS AT A COMPLEX LEVEL
                               HOW TO COPE WITH THE RAISE OF FACTORS OF CHANGE?

How to design solutions for sustainability ?               5
Focus 1:
Endangered biodiversity


                                                                 THE EARTH HAS LOST


                                                                    30%
                                                               OF IT NATURAL RESOURCES
                                                                     IN 30 YEARS




                             LIVING RESOURCES   DECLINED


                                   FROM    40%
                               BETWEEN 1970 AND 2000




                     Source: Good planet

How to design solutions for sustainability ?               6
Focus 2: (1/2)
Raw material depletion


                                                                              1
                                                                      TEE-SHIRT IN COTTON   =


                                                                       10 000
                                                                        LITERS OF WATER




                                  COTTON PRODUCTION:


                         FROM 6 MILLIONS                  TONES



                        TO   26 MILLIONS                  TONES

                                          IN 50 YEARS


                     Source: International Trade center

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                      7
Focus 2: (2/2)
Raw material depletion


                                                                    COPPER PRODUCTION:


                                                                       15,6
                                                                       MILLION
                                                                      TONES PER YEAR




                                           IN 2008


                                   31 YEARS
                            OF COPPER STOCK REMAINING.


                         RECYCLED COPPER :            37%
                     Source: USGS & European Copper Institute

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                    8
Focus 3:
Energetic consumption



                                                                     95%
                                                             OF THE ENERGY CONSUMED IS NOT
                                                                      RENEWABLE




                                       53%
                             REFERS TO THE RAISE OF
                          THE ENERGETIC DEMAND IN 2030




                     Source: Goodplanet.com

How to design solutions for sustainability ?             9
Focus 4:
ONG Campaigns




How to design solutions for sustainability ?   10
Focus 5:
Health damages


                                                                           THE INDOOR AIR IS
                                                                       TWICE TO FIVE TIMES
                                                                         MORE POLLUTED
                                                                           THAN THE OUTDOOR




                           THE INDOOR          POLLUTION INDUCE


                                  30 000
                            PREMATURE DEATHS PER YEAR




                     Source: Goodplanet.com

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                      11
Focus 6:
Consumers’ expectations



                                                                                                              3/4
                                                                                        AMONG       FRENCH      PEOPLE REGARDS
                                                                                          SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A
                                                                                                              NECESSITY




                                            IN 2010,


                                         60%
                           DECLARE HAVING CHANGE THEIR
                       BEHAVIOR IN PURCHASING IN FAVOR OF
                                 SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS


                     Source: Ethicity « Les Français et la consommation responsable, le retour du vivant! »

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                                  12
Focus 7:
Environmental Impacts


                                                                   55%
                                                             OF THE GROUND WATERS ARE
                                                              POLLUTED BY MORE THAN

                                                                      700
                                                                   SUBSTANCES.




                                 15 40%    TO

                    OF PLANTATION WOULD HAVE DISAPPEARED
                                      IN   100 YEARS.

                            THEY REPRESENT       50%
                                  OF OUR MEDICATION.


                     Source: Goodplanet.com

How to design solutions for sustainability ?            13
Focus 8:
Compliance and regulation

  1991                                              2011




How to design solutions for sustainability ?   14
From words to action… it’s time!



                                                “WE HEARD THE STRONG
                                                NOISE OF A DESTROYED

                                               TREE, BUT WE DON’T LISTEN

                                                TO THE TREES GROWING”


                                                      Mahatma GANDHI




How to design solutions for sustainability ?              15
Is it time to rethink your strategy?




                          1.1                  DESIGNING STRATEGIES IN A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT



                          1.2                  WHY RETHINKING STRATEGIES?




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                  16
The “3 R approach”:
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle!


                 REDUCE                                   REUSE                       RECYCLE




                  We use                                     In a                         As
                 too many                               finite world                raw materials
                 materials                              we have to                  are becoming
                and energy.                               get used                scarce, we have to
                 We have                                 to recover                  avoid waste,
                  to slow                              second-hand                   and recycle
                   down                                   products                    materials




                                          “ WE NEED TO USE LESS, TO MAKE MORE ”
                                                   JASON CLAY, WWF EXPERT

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                17
…But “ Less bad is not good ” *

           RESOURCES’ SAVINGS GAINS ARE FAR BEHIND NECESSARY EXTRACTION GROWTH…
          …AND DO NOT OFFSET POTENTIAL DEMAND OF A FAST GROWING GLOBAL POPULATION


 200
                       GDP
 175                   Population
                       Ressource extraction
                       Ressource intensity
 150


 125                                                                                                +50%
 100

                                                                                                   -30%
  75


  50



        1980                   1985            1990        1995        2000                 2005

                                                                  *M. Braungart and W. McDonough, Cradle to Cradle

How to design solutions for sustainability ?          18
Reduce is not enough…




                                                        Source: Pôle eco-conception, St Etienne




            HOW REDUCING IN ONE PLACE…              …WITHOUT RAISING IN ANOTHER?



How to design solutions for sustainability ?   19
Reuse is not enough…




                                                          CAMPER WABI


                                               IS REUSE APPEALING FOR THE USERS?
                                                      LESS BAD IS NO GOOD!


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                  20
Recycle is not enough…


                                                             RECYCLE
                                                               GOODS




                    LOST VALUE                  +        LOST MATERIALS             +           CONTAMINATION
                Hybrid product with                         Material reduce                 Mixture of amorphous
               material of lower quality                      over time                     and cheap materials




                                                        DOWN RECYCLING
                                          Recycled products contained more polluted materials
                                                           than a virgin one



How to design solutions for sustainability ?                      21
“ We need to trash the system,
or crash the planet ”*



                                                            WE NEED TO RETHINK
                                                             THE WHOLE PROCESS

               “WE CAN'T SOLVE A                        “The     (re)design of products,
                                                        processes, services or systems to
       PROBLEM BY USING THE SAME                        tackle imbalances between the
                                                        demands         of   society,   the
         KIND OF THINKING WE USED                       environment and the economy
                                                        requires the holistic consideration
          WHEN WE CREATED THEM”                         of the impacts of products /
                                                        services in these 3 areas, now and
                                                        in the future.”
                                                                   Source: Recycle, a catalyst for change
                         Albert Einstein




                                                    *T. Jackson, Prosperity Without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet

How to design solutions for sustainability ?   22
What do we want?

                                               EFFICIENT


                            AFFORDABLE                     AFFORD
                                                            SAFE
                                                            ABLE



                                               PRODUCTS
                       DESIGNED                   &             SOCIAL
                                               SERVICES




                                 ESTHETIC                   WORTHY


                                               RENEWABLE



How to design solutions for sustainability ?      23
Key questions
to rethink the entire process



                      HOW TO CONCEIVE A PRODUCT/SERVICE WITH ZERO IMPACT?


                      HOW TO BEGIN ? BY WHICH PART?


                      WHAT ARE THE TOOLS AND PATTERNS TO CREATE?


                      HOW TO DESIGN AND ORGANIZE THE CHANGE?




How to design solutions for sustainability ?      24
Designing solutions
for sustainability



                       1                       IS IT TIME TO RETHINK YOUR STRATEGY?



                       2                       HOW TO DESIGN AND ORGANIZE THE CHANGE?



                       3                       ILLUSTRATIONS: SOME ECO-DESIGN TRENDS




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                25
What is a Sustainable Strategy?


                                        1.     A NEW WAY OF THINKING

                                                          AND


                                        2.     A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING

                                                          AND


                                        3.     A NEW WAY OF DOING

                                                          AND


                                        4.     A NEW WAY OF MANAGING




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                26
A new way of thinking

                                                                           Life cycle thinking
                                        1.     A NEW WAY OF THINKING       Closed-loop industrial cycle
                                                                           Up-cycling

                                                          AND


                                        2.     A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING

                                                          AND


                                        3.     A NEW WAY OF DOING

                                                          AND


                                        4.     A NEW WAY OF MANAGING




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                27
Why do we need
a new way of thinking ?




                                                   80%
                                                  OF A PRODUCT'S
                                               ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
                                               IS FIXED UNDER CONCEPT
                                                CREATION IN PRODUCT
                                                   DEVELOPMENT




                                                                        . Source : Technical University of Denmark, Tim McAloone

How to design solutions for sustainability ?            28
Life-cycle thinking

                    BIOLOGICAL CYCLE                                   TECHNICAL CYCLE




                                        “ CRADLE TO CRADLE IS A LAW OF RETURN
                                    BUT WITH MATERIALS RATHER THAN FOOD-CROPS ”            Source: Cradle to cradle,
                                                                                     W. Mc Donough & M. Braungart

How to design solutions for sustainability ?             29
From linear to cycle process…
                                 1
                           CONCEPTION

                                 2                                  DESIGN

                           PRODUCTION

                                 3
                            RETAILING

                                 4                  REUSE                          REALIZE

                          CONSUMPTION

                                 5
                            DISPOSAL?
                                                                  DISASSEMBLY




              FROM CRADLE-TO-GRAVE…                         …TO CRADLE-TO-CRADLE

How to design solutions for sustainability ?   30
Up-cycling:
 The closed-loop industrial cycle
                                                                       Choice of the materials
                                                          DESIGN       Life Cycle Assessment
                                                        ELABORATION    Taking account of the
                                                                        future disassembly




 New design with                                                                                  New tools
  the same                                                                         PRODUCT         Evaluation
  materials
                                REUSE                                                               throughout the
                                                                                 REALIZATION
 Product service                                                                                   realization
 No waste, no use
  of new resources




                                 Salvage of the
                                  products
                                 Separation of the
                                                        DISASSEMBLY
                                  materials according
                                  to their life cycle



   How to design solutions for sustainability ?             31
Up-cycling:
The infinite process
   One ecosystem where waste                          Products are meant to be
   doesn’t exist because we work                      disassembled : it demands
   with the entire system.                            another design process where
                                                      recycling is taken into account
                                                      from the conception.




                                                          To make research about
The complexity of the system
                                                          materials: which ones can be
constitutes its ability to adapt
                                                          reuse infinitely , how to reuse
to any kind of change
                                                          them, in which assembly?




    An infinite process: an infinite                  The product process can be
    possibility of   reuse of the                     transformed into a service
    materials.                                        process



  How to design solutions for sustainability ?   32
The key moment: Conception

                               MAPPING OF THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE FOR A SCAFFOLD.
                              POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES ARE INDICATED IN RED




How to design solutions for sustainability ?          33
The choice of the right materials




 MATERIALS AS NUTRIENTS                              “MATERIALS HEALTH”                   MATERIALS AS REUTILIZATION
Assess existing materials & process            Identify the chemical composition of the    Create a plan to develop systems to
   chemicals for their human &                   materials that make up the product.        recover used products and safety
  environmental health attributes                    They are ranked on a scale:          continuously cycle materials nutrients
                                                         Unmarketable (red)
                                                         Gray
                                                         Positive list




                                                   AT THE UP-CYCLING BASIS:
                                     THE CHOICE TO RETAIN HIGH QUALITY MATERIALS

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                      34
Up-cycling:
Nike example

                                    PERFORMANCE + INNOVATION + SUSTAINABILITY


                               “For Nike, the first step toward
                               “closed loop” manufacturing is
                               the Considered Index.
                               To create the Index, we
                               measured our environmental
                               footprint across all processes –
                               from product brief through final
                               production – and identified the
                               areas where changes would
                               most greatly impact our overall
                               environ-mental footprint:
                               Materials, Waste, Solvent Use
                               and Innovation.”

                                               THE NIKE TEAM




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                      35
Up-cycling:
Shaw example




           Shaw developed commercial carpet tiles
           that do not contain PVC and can be
           separated into components materials &
           fully recycled again and again




How to design solutions for sustainability ?        36
A new way of designing


                                        1.     A NEW WAY OF THINKING

                                                          AND
                                                                           Product Improvement
                                        2.     A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING      Product Redesign
                                                                           Function innovation
                                                                           System innovation
                                                          AND


                                        3.     A NEW WAY OF DOING

                                                          AND


                                        4.     A NEW WAY OF MANAGING




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                37
The 4 levels

                                           HOW TO ECO-DESIGN A WHOLE SYSTEM?




                                                                   Source: Recycle, a catalyst for change, Sustainable Design Technology

How to design solutions for sustainability ?              38
Level 1:
Product improvement

WHAT IS DONE?                                                            BENEFITS
 Evaluation of the product through each step of the process              Assessment of the product
 Improvement of one or several characteristics in order to reduce the    Consciousness of the black holes
  product’s impact through its production, distribution or consumption    First improvements
                                                                          Reduce costs




                                                                         SHORTFALLS
                                                                          Still with the same frame of conception
                                                                           and production
                                                                          Local improvement
                                                                          Be careful with the effects of “REDUCE”
                                                                          Be careful to the greenwashing!




 How to design solutions for sustainability ?                  39
Level 2:
Product redesign

WHAT IS DONE?                                                         BENEFITS
 Rethinking all parts of the products                                 Local production
 Materials assessment                                                 Renewable & safe materials
 Re-evaluation of the product characteristics                         Transparency of the fabrication
 Conception of a product according safe and sustainable indicators    Facility of transportation




The new W+W is the sum of
indispensable elements for
saving both water and space
because its renovation system
filters the wastewater from the
basin and reuses it in the
discharge of the cistern.



 How to design solutions for sustainability ?               40
Level 3:
Function Innovation

WHAT IS DONE?                                                A PRODUCT AS AN ECOSYSTEM

 Rethink the use and purpose of the product                  To take into account the interaction with
                                                               the user
 Integrate user centered approach
                                                              To develop a set of relations between the
 Think about new uses to develop new functionalities
                                                               functions of the products
 Consider the product as an ecosystem
                                                              To link the product with the services
                                                               matching




Eco-system       prototype
featuring an impressive
level of interconnectivity
between           different
appliances, the beautiful
&     futuristic   kitchen
creates      an    efficient
workspace that saves
energy, resources &
time.




  How to design solutions for sustainability ?          41
Level 4:
System Innovation

WHAT IS DONE?                                                                 WHAT KIND OF SYSTEM?
 Rethink the business models                                                  Sharing
 Substituting the supply of material goods with a service offer               Community
 “With Product Service System, industry sells more than added value.          Loan
  Turnover is directly related to the intensity of use by the client rather    Exchange
  than actual possession.”D. Brissaud, INP Grenoble
                                                                               Network relationship




Michelin fleet rents
tires to trucks in the
USA.

“For the customer, the
  notion of definitive,
 absolute ownership
  lost, its meaning in
   favor of the more
 responsive notion of
         usage.”

D. Brissaud, INP Grenoblesustainability ?
 How to design solutions for                                     42
A new way of designing


                                         1.    A NEW WAY OF THINKING

                                                          AND


                                         2.    A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING

                                                          AND
                                                                           Engineer thinking vs Design Thinking
                                                                           Cross Pollination
                                         3.    A NEW WAY OF DOING          Concurrent Engineering
                                                                           Deep Collaboration
                                                          AND


                                         4.    A NEW WAY OF MANAGING




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                43
Two ways of doing:
Engineer vs designer?




                                               LANGUAGE GAP
                                                 BETWEEN
                                                TOOLS AND
                                                DESIGNERS




                ECO-CONCEPTION                                     ECO-DESIGN
              ENGINEER LANGUAGE,                              CONCEPTUAL & STRATEGIC
             SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND                             CREATIVITY &INNOVATION
               LIFE ANALYSIS TOOL                               DESIGN THINKING TOOL



How to design solutions for sustainability ?        44
Engineer tool:
Life cycle analysis
                                               LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS (LCA):
                           An analytical tool designed to quantify the ecological impacts or sustainability
                           performance of a system, to account for all the inputs (energy, chemicals, raw
                           materials…) and outputs of a system (air, water, land polluting…) presented in
                           its raw form, substantial amount of detailed information that is not easily
                           interpreted or comparable.


      STRENGTHS                                                                                     WEAKNESSES
       Useful for                                                                                   LCA takes 6 months to be
        benchmarking, rapid                                                                           made and is pretty
        testing assumptions                                                                           expensive
       Useful for comparing                                                                         Collecting environmental
        different products,                                                                           information throughout the
        processes, industries.                                                                        product life cycle can be
                                                                                                      difficult & interpreting
                                                                                                      results is an art.



                                                Source: Pôle eco-conception, St Etienne



                          LCA IS A USEFUL TOOLS FOR ASSESSING AND MEASURE
                   BUT DOESN’T FIT FOR THE CREATION OR THE CONCEPTION OF A PRODUCT

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                       45
Life cycle analysis
 By Nike
  The Considered index is a                                                          Nike     defines    Environmentally
  system-integrated, online tool                                                     preferred materials (EPMs) as
  for evaluating the predicted                                                       materials that have significant lower
  environmental footprint of a                                                       impact on the environment in one or
  product prior to commer-                                                           more categories of chemistry,
  cialization.                                                                       energy, water or waste.



                                                                                          To define Nike EPMs and
The Index metrics are based                                                               quantitatively evaluate and
on more than a decade of                                                                  rank our material choices, Nike
collecting solid waste and                                                                Develops a Material Analysis
solvent use data in footwear.                                                             Tool (MAT).Each material is
                                                                                          assigned a numeric value that
                                                                                          translates into a sustainability
                                                                                          score for their products.



                                                                                     Nike develops and releases Nike
       Products are assigned a                                                       Considered Suppliers 'Guide to
       “Considered” score based                                                      environmentally preferred materials”
       on     Nike’s   assessed                                                      that guides suppliers’ research and
       footprint.                                                                    development effort for Nike EPMs.



                                            “THE INDEX IS A PRODUCT CREATION TOOL,
                       ALLOWING        NIKE TEAM TO FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY” *
                                                                                             * Nike Corporate responsibility report
  How to design solutions for sustainability ?                46
Designer tool:
Design thinking

                                         TO INSERT THE PRODUCT INTO ITS ENVIRONMENT



                                               TO CONNECT THE PRODUCT TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK



                                                 TO INSERT THE PLACE OF THE USER INTO THE PRODUCT, INTERACTIVITY

       DESIGN
        IS…                                      TO THINK ABOUT AN SCALABLE AND UPGRADABLE PRODUCT



                                               TO SOLVE COMPLEXITY INTO SIMPLE INTERFACES



                                         TO DETERMINE THE FITTEST TECHNOLOGY WITH THE RIGHT MATERIALS




                        DESIGN THINKING IS NECESSARY TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF THE 3 R
                                  AND BRING DISRUPTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                   47
Design thinking
by Frog design

                                       BLINK, A ELECTRIC-VEHICLE CHARGING STATION
                                                     BY FROG DESIGN




   SMART                                                                                   FRIENDLY
& CONNECTED                                                                               & FAMILIAR




                                               At the heart of the project,
                                                A collaboration with ECOtality,
     CONVENIENT                                 A deep understanding of the users
                                                And the technical knowledge of
                                                                                     INTERACTIVE
     & ADAPTABLE
                                                  the Electric vehicles



How to design solutions for sustainability ?                   48
Breaking dualism:
Iterative Thinking

    SOCIAL, TECHNICAL,
                                                                          MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
      ENVIRONMENTAL
                                                                            ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS
           ISSUES
                                                                              INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS
                                                                                STRATEGISTS

                                                                                 FACTORY MANAGERS
                                               NOT A SEQUENTIAL PROCESS
                                                                                           …
                                                 BUT AN ITERATIVE ONE

                                                LCA + DESIGN THINKING



                                                                                       DESIGN THE BEST SOLUTION
                                                                                              FOR EACH CASE

                                                                                        & CONCEIVE THE FITTEST
                                                                                         TOOLS TO DEAL WITH IT




                                     SOLUTIONS AND APPROACHES ARE CUSTOM-MADE

How to design solutions for sustainability ?                49
Breaking dualism:
Designing the cognitive process

                  VARIOUS METHODS…                                            …ONE FOCUS



                  CROSS POLLINATION                                            INNOVATION
                  Teams with different backgrounds and specialties
                  work around a same issue. A design leader
                  operates some iterations to cross their different
                  works.

                  CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
                  The leader launch a set of similar teams to settle a same
                  issue. The result is a syncretism of the best ideas found
                  in the different teams.



                  DEEP COLLABORATION
                  A team made from different specialists goes deep in
                  the problem with the more iterations they can, to co-
                  create a final product.




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                          50
What tools for what solution?

                                                    Design thinking
                                                      Life cycle
                                                   Materials analysis
                                                          ….



                                      ?               ?          ?            ?
                           1                      2                     3             4
                      PRODUCT                  PRODUCT            FUNCTION          SYSTEM
                    IMPROVEMENT                REDESIGN          INNOVATION       INNOVATION




                                        WHAT TOOLS FOR EACH ECO-DESIGN STEPS ?
                            DIFFERENT APPROACHES AND SCENARIOS ARE IMAGINABLE…

How to design solutions for sustainability ?               51
What tools for what solution?
Step 1

                  STEPS                           APPROACH                   EXAMPLE


                      1                        LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS :
                                                Foot print assess
                 PRODUCT
                                                Reduction of energy waste
              IMPROVEMENT                       Materials analysis


                      2
                PRODUCT                        DESIGN PRODUCT
                REDESIGN



                      3
                FUNCTION                       HOLISTIC PRODUCT DESIGN
                INNOVATION



                      4
                  SYSTEM                       ECOSYSTEM     STRATEGY
                INNOVATION


How to design solutions for sustainability ?            52
What tools for what solution?
Step 2

                  STEPS                           APPROACH                                    EXAMPLE


                      1
                 PRODUCT                       LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS :
              IMPROVEMENT


                                               DESIGN PRODUCT
                      2                         Design the product’s end at the conception
                PRODUCT                         Choice of natural or law-impact materials
                REDESIGN                        Life cycle of each materials and reuse
                                                 process
                                                Esthetics and uses consideration


                      3
                FUNCTION                       HOLISTIC PRODUCT DESIGN
                INNOVATION



                      4
                  SYSTEM                       ECOSYSTEM      STRATEGY
                INNOVATION


How to design solutions for sustainability ?             53
What tools for what solution?
Step 3

                  STEPS                           APPROACH                            EXAMPLE


                      1
                 PRODUCT                       LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS :
              IMPROVEMENT



                      2
                PRODUCT                        DESIGN PRODUCT
                REDESIGN


                                               HOLISTIC PRODUCT DESIGN
                      3                         Design thinking for conceiving and
                FUNCTION                         upgradable product
                                                Iteration to connect uses and
                INNOVATION
                                                 functionalities
                                                Technologies innovation

                      4
                  SYSTEM                       ECOSYSTEM      STRATEGY
                INNOVATION


How to design solutions for sustainability ?             54
What tools for what solution?
Step 4

                  STEPS                           APPROACH                                   EXAMPLE


                      1
                 PRODUCT                       LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS :
              IMPROVEMENT



                      2
                PRODUCT                        DESIGN PRODUCT
                REDESIGN



                      3
                FUNCTION                       HOLISTIC PRODUCT DESIGN
                INNOVATION


                                               ECOSYSTEM     STRATEGY                      MICHELLE KAUFMANN
                      4
                                                From one house to an area
                  SYSTEM                        Enlargement of the “conceiving team” with
                INNOVATION                       urbanites and politic people
                                                New technologic to connect the house,

How to design solutions for sustainability ?            55
A new way of designing


                                         1.    A NEW WAY OF THINKING

                                                          AND


                                         2.    A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING

                                                          AND


                                         3.    A NEW WAY OF DOING

                                                          AND
                                                                           Engineer thinking vs Design Thinking
                                                                           Cross Pollination
                                         4.    A NEW WAY OF MANAGING       Concurrent Engineering
                                                                           Deep Collaboration




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                56
Why changing?

                          REACTIVE POSITION                        PROACTIVE POSITION


                 For complying the laws, regulations         Because you have a vision
                 norms
                                                              Because you want to seduce actual
                 For cutting costs                            non-consumers

                 For differentiate from the sector           Because you long for innovations
                 competitors
                                                              Because you are looking for
                 For adapting the consumers                   sustainable growth
                 demands and wills
                                                              Because you want to increase the
                                                               firm’s and brand’s immaterial values




                           GET THE WAVE OF CHANGE BEFORE IT BECOMES A CONSTRAINT

How to design solutions for sustainability ?            57
The eco-conception benefits

                          SHORT TERM                                           LONG TERM
                           BENEFITS                                             BENEFITS



                 Reduces environmental impact of               Increases innovation
                  products
                                                                Develops a greater ability to compete,
                 Optimizes raw material
                  consumption and energy use                    Improves cost-effectiveness

                 Improves waste management                     Reduces environmental impacts and
                                                                 liability
                 Encourages good design and drives
                  innovation                                    Gains a system perspective

                 Cuts costs                                    Improves supply chain

                 Increases product marketability               Increases the immaterial assets



                                       ECO-CONCEPTION INSURES FIRM’S DURABILITY

How to design solutions for sustainability ?              58
Change resistance(s)

                          STRUCTURAL                                              INDIVIDUAL
                            BARRIERS                                              BARRIERS



                 How to change the culture and                 Risk avoidance
                  organization of an established firm?
                  How to manage change?                         Lack of vision

                 How to assess risks & impacts?                Change apprehension

                 How to insure short-term results in a         Reality distortion
                  long-term strategy?
                                                                Lack of incentive
                 Lack of available information

                 Strategy perceived as extra costs in
                  time & money



                                        ORGANIZATION FREEZES AT VARIOUS LEVELS
                                       HOW TO RAISE THESE LOCKS AND OBSTACLES?

How to design solutions for sustainability ?              59
Strategic stages

                                                                STRATEGIC            COMMUNICATION &
       STEPS                           APPROACH
                                                                 STAGES                    EXAMPLES


           1                                               MEASURES &
      PRODUCT
                                    LIFE CYCLE                                  “BE SILENT!”           Most
                                                       1   COSTS REDUCTION,     Greenwashing risk      Companies
                                    ANALYSIS
   IMPROVEMENT                                             COMPLIANCE

                                                                                “BE MODEST!”
           2                                                                    Risk of Greenwashing
                                                           CONSUMER TARGET
      PRODUCT                       DESIGN PRODUCT     2                        for the brand
                                                           SEGMENTATION         Product and
      REDESIGN
                                                                                communication focus


           3                                                                    “SHARE!”
                                    HOLISTIC PRODUCT
      FUNCTION                                                                  Corporate brand
                                    DESIGN                                      communication
     INNOVATION
                                                           LONG-TERM STRATEGY
                                                       3
                                                           OR “PURE PLAYER”
           4                                                                    “COMMUNITIES”
                                    ECOSYSTEM
       SYSTEM                                                                   Corporate and brand
                                    STRATEGY                                    communication
     INNOVATION


How to design solutions for sustainability ?               60
Designing solutions
for sustainability



                       1                       IS IT TIME TO RETHINK YOUR STRATEGY?



                       2                       HOW TO DESIGN AND ORGANIZE THE CHANGE?



                       3                       ILLUSTRATIONS: SOME ECO-DESIGN TRENDS




How to design solutions for sustainability ?                61
Biomimicry




                                     “Orgatonics” combine traducers and microcontrollers
                                     with organic materials to make digital/natural hybrids
                                               By Baptiste Labrune for Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                         62
Modular




                             “Spring lamp design” was inspired by fresh growth of plants and
                             allows for multiple configurations using the modular components
                                                    By Victor Vatterlein


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                63
Multifunctional




                       “Ori.Tami” wais an example of how design becomes “eco” when it creates
                       versatile and multifunctional objects, even with non-sustainable materials.
                                               By Giulio Manzoni for Campeggi


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                64
Upgradable




                          Alt Meta It is a new eco-designed computer easy to disassemble and
                                                    then easy to repair.
                                                     By Alt Meta It.


How to design solutions for sustainability ?               65
Reusable




                              Pi-Pan is a new eco-designed box for pizza which is reusable a
                                                    thousand times…
                                                        By Pi-Pan


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                66
Materials innovative




        Made with the foam extracted from potato starch, not only is the chair completely biodegradable
            but also, in theory, edible. As it solidifies, the strings of starch create a rigid sculpture.
                                               By Max Lamb - Starch Chair


How to design solutions for sustainability ?               67
Convergence




                                “Iphone” gathers multiple functionalities in a simple interface.
                                        It limits the use of other products or apparel
                                                           By Apple.


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                   68
Lighten design




                           “Modular cross unit” is a bookshelves made of white lacquered steel
                                  whose slimless and transparency lighten the space.
                                                By Philippe Nigro for Sintesi.


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                 69
Mono-Materialistic




                                           “Gio chair ” is made from a singular material,
                                                           leather or fabric
                                                          By Claudio Bellini


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                     70
Nudge




                             “Poor little fish” is quite a simple concept making us visualize our
                                 immediate water consumption when we wash our hands
                                                          By Yan lu


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                  71
Transparent




                                      “Second life mobile ” uses very little energy
                            and degree of transparency shows how much battery is remaining
                                                        By …


How to design solutions for sustainability ?              72
Techno/ecologically




                               Czeers is a speedboat for racing powered by solar energy. Its
                                    surface is entirely covered by photovoltaic panels.
                                                By David Czap and Nils Beers


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                73
Zero emissions




               GreenKitchen - Everything that is expelled from one unit gets filtered and sanitized so
                it can be used by another unit, which translates into energy savings of up to 70%.
                                                    By Whirlpool


How to design solutions for sustainability ?             74
Do It Yourself




                            “Sac à faire” is a veritable craft kit for making bags that consists of
                                              just one diagram and ten patterns
                                                        By Marlne Liska


How to design solutions for sustainability ?                  75
So…




                                               … HOW TO DESIGN
                               THE NEXT SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS    ?




How to design solutions for sustainability ?          76
Who are we?

        Helixa is a strategy consulting boutique working in the field of disruptive strategies and their
      implementation. Set up in 2007 by two partners who were convinced that strategies needed to be
  designed differently, Helixa works alongside company managers to invent new solutions, enabling firms to
                                   decide upon and reach the right targets.



                      Isabelle                                                       Thomas
                      GEORGE                                                       VILLENEUVE

Before setting up Helixa, Isabelle worked for more than          Thomas worked for close on ten years in the retail and
twenty years in the strategic planning departments of a          internet sectors of big French and international groups like
variety of big French and international groups, such as BP,      PPR, Fnac, Amazon. He has held a succession of positions,
Henkel, FNAC and PPR. She was notably the manager of             namely category manager, business development manager
the strategic planning and development departments of PPR        and strategic planning project manager. He notably took part
and Fnac.                                                        in the setting up and implementation of the internet strategy
Since1999, she has been an advisor to the leaders of major       of the luxury goods firms within the PPR group. As a category
companies, holding groups and trusts – as well as to small       manager, he was in charge of e-commerce business units
start-ups – in matters of strategic planning, new technologies   with a turnover of more than €50 M and was involved in
and sustainable development.                                     piloting annual growth rates of + 50%. Thomas is an alumni
Isabelle has an engineering diploma in material physics from     of ESSEC, where he gained a MBA in Strategic planning and
the National Institute for Applied Sciences of Lyon and has      Innovation, and of the IESE Business School (Internet & New
also mastered in strategic planning.                             Technologies).
FIND ALL OUR PUBLICATIONS ON:
www.helixa.com

www.helixa.com/blog

www.slideshare.net/isabellegeorge

www.twitter.com/helixa_strategy


FOR MORE INFORMATIONS, PLEASE CONTACT US:
ISABELLE GEORGE                     THOMAS VILLENEUVE
ibg@helixa.com                      tv@helixa.com
(+33)6 62 92 05 59                  (+33)6 20 54 36 86




Strategy Consulting
70 rue Cortambert - 75116 Paris
+33 1 56 91 20 34
ibg@helixa.com
tv@helixa.com

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How to design solutions for sustainability (04 18 2012)

  • 1. How to design solutions for sustainability? April 2012 Strategy Consulting 70 rue Cortambert - 75116 Paris +33 1 56 91 20 34 ibg@helixa.com tv@helixa.com
  • 2. Designing solutions for sustainability 1 IS IT TIME TO RETHINK YOUR STRATEGY? 2 HOW TO DESIGN AND ORGANIZE THE CHANGE? 3 ILLUSTRATIONS: SOME ECO-DESIGN TRENDS How to design solutions for sustainability ? 2
  • 3. Is it time to rethink your strategy? 1.1 DESIGNING STRATEGIES IN A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT 1.2 WHY RETHINKING STRATEGIES? How to design solutions for sustainability ? 3
  • 4. “ Take, make, waste ”… our current industrial system 1 2 3 4 5 CONCEPTION PRODUCTION RETAILING CONSUMPTION DISPOSAL? Designing the Production of the Transportation, Consumer purchase What about the end characteristics and product or service in Packaging, Consumption of the of life of a product? the patterns of the high scales Marketing, product or services product Communication  Engineers  Project manager  Marketers  Purchasers Who  Design team  Workers  Commercials  Consumers should handle the;  Desk of study/Lab  Office clerks  Logistics product’s disposal? ORGANIZATION IN SILO: PRODUCTS ARE CONCEIVED WITHOUT ANY ATTENTION TO THE DEMANDS AT STAKE How to design solutions for sustainability ? 4
  • 5. …how to deal with this complex world? ENDANGERED BIODIVERSITY COMPLIANCE RAW MATERIALS DEPLETION & REGULATIONS & PRICE VOLATILITY STRATEGY ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGETIC DESIGN IMPACTS CONSUMPTION PROCESS CONSUMERS’ ONG EXPECTATIONS CAMPAIGNS HEALTH DAMAGES ENVIRONMENT GROWS AT A COMPLEX LEVEL HOW TO COPE WITH THE RAISE OF FACTORS OF CHANGE? How to design solutions for sustainability ? 5
  • 6. Focus 1: Endangered biodiversity THE EARTH HAS LOST 30% OF IT NATURAL RESOURCES IN 30 YEARS LIVING RESOURCES DECLINED FROM 40% BETWEEN 1970 AND 2000 Source: Good planet How to design solutions for sustainability ? 6
  • 7. Focus 2: (1/2) Raw material depletion 1 TEE-SHIRT IN COTTON = 10 000 LITERS OF WATER COTTON PRODUCTION: FROM 6 MILLIONS TONES TO 26 MILLIONS TONES IN 50 YEARS Source: International Trade center How to design solutions for sustainability ? 7
  • 8. Focus 2: (2/2) Raw material depletion COPPER PRODUCTION: 15,6 MILLION TONES PER YEAR IN 2008 31 YEARS OF COPPER STOCK REMAINING. RECYCLED COPPER : 37% Source: USGS & European Copper Institute How to design solutions for sustainability ? 8
  • 9. Focus 3: Energetic consumption 95% OF THE ENERGY CONSUMED IS NOT RENEWABLE 53% REFERS TO THE RAISE OF THE ENERGETIC DEMAND IN 2030 Source: Goodplanet.com How to design solutions for sustainability ? 9
  • 10. Focus 4: ONG Campaigns How to design solutions for sustainability ? 10
  • 11. Focus 5: Health damages THE INDOOR AIR IS TWICE TO FIVE TIMES MORE POLLUTED THAN THE OUTDOOR THE INDOOR POLLUTION INDUCE 30 000 PREMATURE DEATHS PER YEAR Source: Goodplanet.com How to design solutions for sustainability ? 11
  • 12. Focus 6: Consumers’ expectations 3/4 AMONG FRENCH PEOPLE REGARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A NECESSITY IN 2010, 60% DECLARE HAVING CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOR IN PURCHASING IN FAVOR OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS Source: Ethicity « Les Français et la consommation responsable, le retour du vivant! » How to design solutions for sustainability ? 12
  • 13. Focus 7: Environmental Impacts 55% OF THE GROUND WATERS ARE POLLUTED BY MORE THAN 700 SUBSTANCES. 15 40% TO OF PLANTATION WOULD HAVE DISAPPEARED IN 100 YEARS. THEY REPRESENT 50% OF OUR MEDICATION. Source: Goodplanet.com How to design solutions for sustainability ? 13
  • 14. Focus 8: Compliance and regulation 1991 2011 How to design solutions for sustainability ? 14
  • 15. From words to action… it’s time! “WE HEARD THE STRONG NOISE OF A DESTROYED TREE, BUT WE DON’T LISTEN TO THE TREES GROWING” Mahatma GANDHI How to design solutions for sustainability ? 15
  • 16. Is it time to rethink your strategy? 1.1 DESIGNING STRATEGIES IN A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT 1.2 WHY RETHINKING STRATEGIES? How to design solutions for sustainability ? 16
  • 17. The “3 R approach”: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle! REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE We use In a As too many finite world raw materials materials we have to are becoming and energy. get used scarce, we have to We have to recover avoid waste, to slow second-hand and recycle down products materials “ WE NEED TO USE LESS, TO MAKE MORE ” JASON CLAY, WWF EXPERT How to design solutions for sustainability ? 17
  • 18. …But “ Less bad is not good ” * RESOURCES’ SAVINGS GAINS ARE FAR BEHIND NECESSARY EXTRACTION GROWTH… …AND DO NOT OFFSET POTENTIAL DEMAND OF A FAST GROWING GLOBAL POPULATION 200 GDP 175 Population Ressource extraction Ressource intensity 150 125 +50% 100 -30% 75 50 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 *M. Braungart and W. McDonough, Cradle to Cradle How to design solutions for sustainability ? 18
  • 19. Reduce is not enough… Source: Pôle eco-conception, St Etienne HOW REDUCING IN ONE PLACE… …WITHOUT RAISING IN ANOTHER? How to design solutions for sustainability ? 19
  • 20. Reuse is not enough… CAMPER WABI IS REUSE APPEALING FOR THE USERS? LESS BAD IS NO GOOD! How to design solutions for sustainability ? 20
  • 21. Recycle is not enough… RECYCLE GOODS LOST VALUE + LOST MATERIALS + CONTAMINATION Hybrid product with Material reduce Mixture of amorphous material of lower quality over time and cheap materials DOWN RECYCLING Recycled products contained more polluted materials than a virgin one How to design solutions for sustainability ? 21
  • 22. “ We need to trash the system, or crash the planet ”* WE NEED TO RETHINK THE WHOLE PROCESS “WE CAN'T SOLVE A “The (re)design of products, processes, services or systems to PROBLEM BY USING THE SAME tackle imbalances between the demands of society, the KIND OF THINKING WE USED environment and the economy requires the holistic consideration WHEN WE CREATED THEM” of the impacts of products / services in these 3 areas, now and in the future.” Source: Recycle, a catalyst for change Albert Einstein *T. Jackson, Prosperity Without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet How to design solutions for sustainability ? 22
  • 23. What do we want? EFFICIENT AFFORDABLE AFFORD SAFE ABLE PRODUCTS DESIGNED & SOCIAL SERVICES ESTHETIC WORTHY RENEWABLE How to design solutions for sustainability ? 23
  • 24. Key questions to rethink the entire process  HOW TO CONCEIVE A PRODUCT/SERVICE WITH ZERO IMPACT?  HOW TO BEGIN ? BY WHICH PART?  WHAT ARE THE TOOLS AND PATTERNS TO CREATE?  HOW TO DESIGN AND ORGANIZE THE CHANGE? How to design solutions for sustainability ? 24
  • 25. Designing solutions for sustainability 1 IS IT TIME TO RETHINK YOUR STRATEGY? 2 HOW TO DESIGN AND ORGANIZE THE CHANGE? 3 ILLUSTRATIONS: SOME ECO-DESIGN TRENDS How to design solutions for sustainability ? 25
  • 26. What is a Sustainable Strategy? 1. A NEW WAY OF THINKING AND 2. A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING AND 3. A NEW WAY OF DOING AND 4. A NEW WAY OF MANAGING How to design solutions for sustainability ? 26
  • 27. A new way of thinking  Life cycle thinking 1. A NEW WAY OF THINKING  Closed-loop industrial cycle  Up-cycling AND 2. A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING AND 3. A NEW WAY OF DOING AND 4. A NEW WAY OF MANAGING How to design solutions for sustainability ? 27
  • 28. Why do we need a new way of thinking ? 80% OF A PRODUCT'S ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE IS FIXED UNDER CONCEPT CREATION IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT . Source : Technical University of Denmark, Tim McAloone How to design solutions for sustainability ? 28
  • 29. Life-cycle thinking BIOLOGICAL CYCLE TECHNICAL CYCLE “ CRADLE TO CRADLE IS A LAW OF RETURN BUT WITH MATERIALS RATHER THAN FOOD-CROPS ” Source: Cradle to cradle, W. Mc Donough & M. Braungart How to design solutions for sustainability ? 29
  • 30. From linear to cycle process… 1 CONCEPTION 2 DESIGN PRODUCTION 3 RETAILING 4 REUSE REALIZE CONSUMPTION 5 DISPOSAL? DISASSEMBLY FROM CRADLE-TO-GRAVE… …TO CRADLE-TO-CRADLE How to design solutions for sustainability ? 30
  • 31. Up-cycling: The closed-loop industrial cycle  Choice of the materials DESIGN  Life Cycle Assessment ELABORATION  Taking account of the future disassembly  New design with  New tools the same PRODUCT  Evaluation materials REUSE throughout the REALIZATION  Product service realization  No waste, no use of new resources  Salvage of the products  Separation of the DISASSEMBLY materials according to their life cycle How to design solutions for sustainability ? 31
  • 32. Up-cycling: The infinite process One ecosystem where waste Products are meant to be doesn’t exist because we work disassembled : it demands with the entire system. another design process where recycling is taken into account from the conception. To make research about The complexity of the system materials: which ones can be constitutes its ability to adapt reuse infinitely , how to reuse to any kind of change them, in which assembly? An infinite process: an infinite The product process can be possibility of reuse of the transformed into a service materials. process How to design solutions for sustainability ? 32
  • 33. The key moment: Conception MAPPING OF THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE FOR A SCAFFOLD. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES ARE INDICATED IN RED How to design solutions for sustainability ? 33
  • 34. The choice of the right materials MATERIALS AS NUTRIENTS “MATERIALS HEALTH” MATERIALS AS REUTILIZATION Assess existing materials & process Identify the chemical composition of the Create a plan to develop systems to chemicals for their human & materials that make up the product. recover used products and safety environmental health attributes They are ranked on a scale: continuously cycle materials nutrients  Unmarketable (red)  Gray  Positive list AT THE UP-CYCLING BASIS: THE CHOICE TO RETAIN HIGH QUALITY MATERIALS How to design solutions for sustainability ? 34
  • 35. Up-cycling: Nike example PERFORMANCE + INNOVATION + SUSTAINABILITY “For Nike, the first step toward “closed loop” manufacturing is the Considered Index. To create the Index, we measured our environmental footprint across all processes – from product brief through final production – and identified the areas where changes would most greatly impact our overall environ-mental footprint: Materials, Waste, Solvent Use and Innovation.” THE NIKE TEAM How to design solutions for sustainability ? 35
  • 36. Up-cycling: Shaw example Shaw developed commercial carpet tiles that do not contain PVC and can be separated into components materials & fully recycled again and again How to design solutions for sustainability ? 36
  • 37. A new way of designing 1. A NEW WAY OF THINKING AND  Product Improvement 2. A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING  Product Redesign  Function innovation  System innovation AND 3. A NEW WAY OF DOING AND 4. A NEW WAY OF MANAGING How to design solutions for sustainability ? 37
  • 38. The 4 levels HOW TO ECO-DESIGN A WHOLE SYSTEM? Source: Recycle, a catalyst for change, Sustainable Design Technology How to design solutions for sustainability ? 38
  • 39. Level 1: Product improvement WHAT IS DONE? BENEFITS  Evaluation of the product through each step of the process  Assessment of the product  Improvement of one or several characteristics in order to reduce the  Consciousness of the black holes product’s impact through its production, distribution or consumption  First improvements  Reduce costs SHORTFALLS  Still with the same frame of conception and production  Local improvement  Be careful with the effects of “REDUCE”  Be careful to the greenwashing! How to design solutions for sustainability ? 39
  • 40. Level 2: Product redesign WHAT IS DONE? BENEFITS  Rethinking all parts of the products  Local production  Materials assessment  Renewable & safe materials  Re-evaluation of the product characteristics  Transparency of the fabrication  Conception of a product according safe and sustainable indicators  Facility of transportation The new W+W is the sum of indispensable elements for saving both water and space because its renovation system filters the wastewater from the basin and reuses it in the discharge of the cistern. How to design solutions for sustainability ? 40
  • 41. Level 3: Function Innovation WHAT IS DONE? A PRODUCT AS AN ECOSYSTEM  Rethink the use and purpose of the product  To take into account the interaction with the user  Integrate user centered approach  To develop a set of relations between the  Think about new uses to develop new functionalities functions of the products  Consider the product as an ecosystem  To link the product with the services matching Eco-system prototype featuring an impressive level of interconnectivity between different appliances, the beautiful & futuristic kitchen creates an efficient workspace that saves energy, resources & time. How to design solutions for sustainability ? 41
  • 42. Level 4: System Innovation WHAT IS DONE? WHAT KIND OF SYSTEM?  Rethink the business models  Sharing  Substituting the supply of material goods with a service offer  Community  “With Product Service System, industry sells more than added value.  Loan Turnover is directly related to the intensity of use by the client rather  Exchange than actual possession.”D. Brissaud, INP Grenoble  Network relationship Michelin fleet rents tires to trucks in the USA. “For the customer, the notion of definitive, absolute ownership lost, its meaning in favor of the more responsive notion of usage.” D. Brissaud, INP Grenoblesustainability ? How to design solutions for 42
  • 43. A new way of designing 1. A NEW WAY OF THINKING AND 2. A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING AND  Engineer thinking vs Design Thinking  Cross Pollination 3. A NEW WAY OF DOING  Concurrent Engineering  Deep Collaboration AND 4. A NEW WAY OF MANAGING How to design solutions for sustainability ? 43
  • 44. Two ways of doing: Engineer vs designer? LANGUAGE GAP BETWEEN TOOLS AND DESIGNERS ECO-CONCEPTION ECO-DESIGN ENGINEER LANGUAGE, CONCEPTUAL & STRATEGIC SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND CREATIVITY &INNOVATION LIFE ANALYSIS TOOL DESIGN THINKING TOOL How to design solutions for sustainability ? 44
  • 45. Engineer tool: Life cycle analysis LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS (LCA): An analytical tool designed to quantify the ecological impacts or sustainability performance of a system, to account for all the inputs (energy, chemicals, raw materials…) and outputs of a system (air, water, land polluting…) presented in its raw form, substantial amount of detailed information that is not easily interpreted or comparable. STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES  Useful for  LCA takes 6 months to be benchmarking, rapid made and is pretty testing assumptions expensive  Useful for comparing  Collecting environmental different products, information throughout the processes, industries. product life cycle can be difficult & interpreting results is an art. Source: Pôle eco-conception, St Etienne LCA IS A USEFUL TOOLS FOR ASSESSING AND MEASURE BUT DOESN’T FIT FOR THE CREATION OR THE CONCEPTION OF A PRODUCT How to design solutions for sustainability ? 45
  • 46. Life cycle analysis By Nike The Considered index is a Nike defines Environmentally system-integrated, online tool preferred materials (EPMs) as for evaluating the predicted materials that have significant lower environmental footprint of a impact on the environment in one or product prior to commer- more categories of chemistry, cialization. energy, water or waste. To define Nike EPMs and The Index metrics are based quantitatively evaluate and on more than a decade of rank our material choices, Nike collecting solid waste and Develops a Material Analysis solvent use data in footwear. Tool (MAT).Each material is assigned a numeric value that translates into a sustainability score for their products. Nike develops and releases Nike Products are assigned a Considered Suppliers 'Guide to “Considered” score based environmentally preferred materials” on Nike’s assessed that guides suppliers’ research and footprint. development effort for Nike EPMs. “THE INDEX IS A PRODUCT CREATION TOOL, ALLOWING NIKE TEAM TO FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY” * * Nike Corporate responsibility report How to design solutions for sustainability ? 46
  • 47. Designer tool: Design thinking TO INSERT THE PRODUCT INTO ITS ENVIRONMENT TO CONNECT THE PRODUCT TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK TO INSERT THE PLACE OF THE USER INTO THE PRODUCT, INTERACTIVITY DESIGN IS… TO THINK ABOUT AN SCALABLE AND UPGRADABLE PRODUCT TO SOLVE COMPLEXITY INTO SIMPLE INTERFACES TO DETERMINE THE FITTEST TECHNOLOGY WITH THE RIGHT MATERIALS DESIGN THINKING IS NECESSARY TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF THE 3 R AND BRING DISRUPTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION How to design solutions for sustainability ? 47
  • 48. Design thinking by Frog design BLINK, A ELECTRIC-VEHICLE CHARGING STATION BY FROG DESIGN SMART FRIENDLY & CONNECTED & FAMILIAR At the heart of the project,  A collaboration with ECOtality, CONVENIENT  A deep understanding of the users  And the technical knowledge of INTERACTIVE & ADAPTABLE the Electric vehicles How to design solutions for sustainability ? 48
  • 49. Breaking dualism: Iterative Thinking SOCIAL, TECHNICAL, MECHANICAL ENGINEERS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS ISSUES INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS STRATEGISTS FACTORY MANAGERS NOT A SEQUENTIAL PROCESS … BUT AN ITERATIVE ONE LCA + DESIGN THINKING DESIGN THE BEST SOLUTION FOR EACH CASE & CONCEIVE THE FITTEST TOOLS TO DEAL WITH IT SOLUTIONS AND APPROACHES ARE CUSTOM-MADE How to design solutions for sustainability ? 49
  • 50. Breaking dualism: Designing the cognitive process VARIOUS METHODS… …ONE FOCUS CROSS POLLINATION INNOVATION Teams with different backgrounds and specialties work around a same issue. A design leader operates some iterations to cross their different works. CONCURRENT ENGINEERING The leader launch a set of similar teams to settle a same issue. The result is a syncretism of the best ideas found in the different teams. DEEP COLLABORATION A team made from different specialists goes deep in the problem with the more iterations they can, to co- create a final product. How to design solutions for sustainability ? 50
  • 51. What tools for what solution? Design thinking Life cycle Materials analysis …. ? ? ? ? 1 2 3 4 PRODUCT PRODUCT FUNCTION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT REDESIGN INNOVATION INNOVATION WHAT TOOLS FOR EACH ECO-DESIGN STEPS ? DIFFERENT APPROACHES AND SCENARIOS ARE IMAGINABLE… How to design solutions for sustainability ? 51
  • 52. What tools for what solution? Step 1 STEPS APPROACH EXAMPLE 1 LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS :  Foot print assess PRODUCT  Reduction of energy waste IMPROVEMENT  Materials analysis 2 PRODUCT DESIGN PRODUCT REDESIGN 3 FUNCTION HOLISTIC PRODUCT DESIGN INNOVATION 4 SYSTEM ECOSYSTEM STRATEGY INNOVATION How to design solutions for sustainability ? 52
  • 53. What tools for what solution? Step 2 STEPS APPROACH EXAMPLE 1 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS : IMPROVEMENT DESIGN PRODUCT 2  Design the product’s end at the conception PRODUCT  Choice of natural or law-impact materials REDESIGN  Life cycle of each materials and reuse process  Esthetics and uses consideration 3 FUNCTION HOLISTIC PRODUCT DESIGN INNOVATION 4 SYSTEM ECOSYSTEM STRATEGY INNOVATION How to design solutions for sustainability ? 53
  • 54. What tools for what solution? Step 3 STEPS APPROACH EXAMPLE 1 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS : IMPROVEMENT 2 PRODUCT DESIGN PRODUCT REDESIGN HOLISTIC PRODUCT DESIGN 3  Design thinking for conceiving and FUNCTION upgradable product  Iteration to connect uses and INNOVATION functionalities  Technologies innovation 4 SYSTEM ECOSYSTEM STRATEGY INNOVATION How to design solutions for sustainability ? 54
  • 55. What tools for what solution? Step 4 STEPS APPROACH EXAMPLE 1 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS : IMPROVEMENT 2 PRODUCT DESIGN PRODUCT REDESIGN 3 FUNCTION HOLISTIC PRODUCT DESIGN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM STRATEGY MICHELLE KAUFMANN 4  From one house to an area SYSTEM  Enlargement of the “conceiving team” with INNOVATION urbanites and politic people  New technologic to connect the house, How to design solutions for sustainability ? 55
  • 56. A new way of designing 1. A NEW WAY OF THINKING AND 2. A NEW WAY OF DESIGNING AND 3. A NEW WAY OF DOING AND  Engineer thinking vs Design Thinking  Cross Pollination 4. A NEW WAY OF MANAGING  Concurrent Engineering  Deep Collaboration How to design solutions for sustainability ? 56
  • 57. Why changing? REACTIVE POSITION PROACTIVE POSITION  For complying the laws, regulations  Because you have a vision norms  Because you want to seduce actual  For cutting costs non-consumers  For differentiate from the sector  Because you long for innovations competitors  Because you are looking for  For adapting the consumers sustainable growth demands and wills  Because you want to increase the firm’s and brand’s immaterial values GET THE WAVE OF CHANGE BEFORE IT BECOMES A CONSTRAINT How to design solutions for sustainability ? 57
  • 58. The eco-conception benefits SHORT TERM LONG TERM BENEFITS BENEFITS  Reduces environmental impact of  Increases innovation products  Develops a greater ability to compete,  Optimizes raw material consumption and energy use  Improves cost-effectiveness  Improves waste management  Reduces environmental impacts and liability  Encourages good design and drives innovation  Gains a system perspective  Cuts costs  Improves supply chain  Increases product marketability  Increases the immaterial assets ECO-CONCEPTION INSURES FIRM’S DURABILITY How to design solutions for sustainability ? 58
  • 59. Change resistance(s) STRUCTURAL INDIVIDUAL BARRIERS BARRIERS  How to change the culture and  Risk avoidance organization of an established firm? How to manage change?  Lack of vision  How to assess risks & impacts?  Change apprehension  How to insure short-term results in a  Reality distortion long-term strategy?  Lack of incentive  Lack of available information  Strategy perceived as extra costs in time & money ORGANIZATION FREEZES AT VARIOUS LEVELS HOW TO RAISE THESE LOCKS AND OBSTACLES? How to design solutions for sustainability ? 59
  • 60. Strategic stages STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION & STEPS APPROACH STAGES EXAMPLES 1 MEASURES & PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE “BE SILENT!” Most 1 COSTS REDUCTION, Greenwashing risk Companies ANALYSIS IMPROVEMENT COMPLIANCE “BE MODEST!” 2 Risk of Greenwashing CONSUMER TARGET PRODUCT DESIGN PRODUCT 2 for the brand SEGMENTATION Product and REDESIGN communication focus 3 “SHARE!” HOLISTIC PRODUCT FUNCTION Corporate brand DESIGN communication INNOVATION LONG-TERM STRATEGY 3 OR “PURE PLAYER” 4 “COMMUNITIES” ECOSYSTEM SYSTEM Corporate and brand STRATEGY communication INNOVATION How to design solutions for sustainability ? 60
  • 61. Designing solutions for sustainability 1 IS IT TIME TO RETHINK YOUR STRATEGY? 2 HOW TO DESIGN AND ORGANIZE THE CHANGE? 3 ILLUSTRATIONS: SOME ECO-DESIGN TRENDS How to design solutions for sustainability ? 61
  • 62. Biomimicry “Orgatonics” combine traducers and microcontrollers with organic materials to make digital/natural hybrids By Baptiste Labrune for Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs How to design solutions for sustainability ? 62
  • 63. Modular “Spring lamp design” was inspired by fresh growth of plants and allows for multiple configurations using the modular components By Victor Vatterlein How to design solutions for sustainability ? 63
  • 64. Multifunctional “Ori.Tami” wais an example of how design becomes “eco” when it creates versatile and multifunctional objects, even with non-sustainable materials. By Giulio Manzoni for Campeggi How to design solutions for sustainability ? 64
  • 65. Upgradable Alt Meta It is a new eco-designed computer easy to disassemble and then easy to repair. By Alt Meta It. How to design solutions for sustainability ? 65
  • 66. Reusable Pi-Pan is a new eco-designed box for pizza which is reusable a thousand times… By Pi-Pan How to design solutions for sustainability ? 66
  • 67. Materials innovative Made with the foam extracted from potato starch, not only is the chair completely biodegradable but also, in theory, edible. As it solidifies, the strings of starch create a rigid sculpture. By Max Lamb - Starch Chair How to design solutions for sustainability ? 67
  • 68. Convergence “Iphone” gathers multiple functionalities in a simple interface. It limits the use of other products or apparel By Apple. How to design solutions for sustainability ? 68
  • 69. Lighten design “Modular cross unit” is a bookshelves made of white lacquered steel whose slimless and transparency lighten the space. By Philippe Nigro for Sintesi. How to design solutions for sustainability ? 69
  • 70. Mono-Materialistic “Gio chair ” is made from a singular material, leather or fabric By Claudio Bellini How to design solutions for sustainability ? 70
  • 71. Nudge “Poor little fish” is quite a simple concept making us visualize our immediate water consumption when we wash our hands By Yan lu How to design solutions for sustainability ? 71
  • 72. Transparent “Second life mobile ” uses very little energy and degree of transparency shows how much battery is remaining By … How to design solutions for sustainability ? 72
  • 73. Techno/ecologically Czeers is a speedboat for racing powered by solar energy. Its surface is entirely covered by photovoltaic panels. By David Czap and Nils Beers How to design solutions for sustainability ? 73
  • 74. Zero emissions GreenKitchen - Everything that is expelled from one unit gets filtered and sanitized so it can be used by another unit, which translates into energy savings of up to 70%. By Whirlpool How to design solutions for sustainability ? 74
  • 75. Do It Yourself “Sac à faire” is a veritable craft kit for making bags that consists of just one diagram and ten patterns By Marlne Liska How to design solutions for sustainability ? 75
  • 76. So… … HOW TO DESIGN THE NEXT SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS ? How to design solutions for sustainability ? 76
  • 77. Who are we? Helixa is a strategy consulting boutique working in the field of disruptive strategies and their implementation. Set up in 2007 by two partners who were convinced that strategies needed to be designed differently, Helixa works alongside company managers to invent new solutions, enabling firms to decide upon and reach the right targets. Isabelle Thomas GEORGE VILLENEUVE Before setting up Helixa, Isabelle worked for more than Thomas worked for close on ten years in the retail and twenty years in the strategic planning departments of a internet sectors of big French and international groups like variety of big French and international groups, such as BP, PPR, Fnac, Amazon. He has held a succession of positions, Henkel, FNAC and PPR. She was notably the manager of namely category manager, business development manager the strategic planning and development departments of PPR and strategic planning project manager. He notably took part and Fnac. in the setting up and implementation of the internet strategy Since1999, she has been an advisor to the leaders of major of the luxury goods firms within the PPR group. As a category companies, holding groups and trusts – as well as to small manager, he was in charge of e-commerce business units start-ups – in matters of strategic planning, new technologies with a turnover of more than €50 M and was involved in and sustainable development. piloting annual growth rates of + 50%. Thomas is an alumni Isabelle has an engineering diploma in material physics from of ESSEC, where he gained a MBA in Strategic planning and the National Institute for Applied Sciences of Lyon and has Innovation, and of the IESE Business School (Internet & New also mastered in strategic planning. Technologies).
  • 78. FIND ALL OUR PUBLICATIONS ON: www.helixa.com www.helixa.com/blog www.slideshare.net/isabellegeorge www.twitter.com/helixa_strategy FOR MORE INFORMATIONS, PLEASE CONTACT US: ISABELLE GEORGE THOMAS VILLENEUVE ibg@helixa.com tv@helixa.com (+33)6 62 92 05 59 (+33)6 20 54 36 86 Strategy Consulting 70 rue Cortambert - 75116 Paris +33 1 56 91 20 34 ibg@helixa.com tv@helixa.com