What is meant by ecological fallacySolutionAnswerThe term .pdf

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What is Incorporation by Reference? and How is it used in a contract? Solution Incorporation by reference is an act of including second document within the first document by giving only reference in first document. Ie if in first document only a single line is kept giving reference of second document. than the secound document will be part of first document. Incorporation by reference is often done in creating law as well in contract law nad trust and estate law Incorporation by reference is used in contract by way of terms and condition. For example there are general set of terms and condition to contarct now instead of including all the tems and condtion to contract a company can just give reference to it, making it binding to the companies entering the contract. Thus it is very important to read document if it is included by reference.

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What is meant by ecological fallacy?
Solution
Answer:
The term "fallacy" means the invalid. ecological fallacy tells about the individuals in the
ecosystem which are invalid, it tell statistically about the group of individuals that are not part of
the group which they should belong to.
Eg. The earnings of people in particular district is high, the assumption that every person in that
distict is rich would be fallacy. There are few people with low earnings.

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You are conducting a study to see if students do better when they study all at once or in intervals. One group of 12 participants took a test after studying for one hour continuously. The other group of 12 participants took a test after studying for three twenty minute sessions. The first group had a mean score of75 and a variance of 120. The second group had a mean score of 86 and a variance of 100. a. What is the calculated t value? Are the mean test scores of these two groups significantly different at the .05 level? b. What would the t value be if there were only 6 participants in each group? Would the scores be significant at the .05 level? Solution A) Formulating the null and alternative hypotheses, Ho: u1 - u2 = 0 Ha: u1 - u2 =/ 0 At level of significance = 0.05 As we can see, this is a two tailed test. Calculating the means of each group, X1 = 75 X2 = 86 Calculating the standard deviations of each group, s1 = 10.95445115 s2 = 10 Thus, the standard error of their difference is, by using sD = sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2): n1 = sample size of group 1 = 12 n2 = sample size of group 2 = 12 Thus, df = n1 + n2 - 2 = 22 Also, sD = 4.281744193 Thus, the t statistic will be t = [X1 - X2 - uD]/sD = -2.569046516 [ANSWER, T VALUE] ******************************** b) Calculating the means of each group, X1 = 75 X2 = 86 Calculating the standard deviations of each group, s1 = 10.95445115 s2 = 10 Thus, the standard error of their difference is, by using sD = sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2): n1 = sample size of group 1 = 6 n2 = sample size of group 2 = 6 Also, sD = 6.055300708 Thus, the t statistic will be t = [X1 - X2 - uD]/sD = -1.816590212 [ANSWER] For part A, the P value is p = 0.01750305 For part B, the P value is p = 0.099328388 Hence, Part A would be significant, but part B wouldn\'t. [ANSWER] ********************************** ***************************************************** Hi! If you use another method/formula in calculating the degrees of freedom in this t-test, please resubmit this question together with the formula/method you use in determining the degrees of freedom. That way we can continue helping you! Thanks! ********************************************.

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