SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 1
Download to read offline
What are the two main branches of Non-Euclidean Geometry? What is the primary difference
between them? Describe the historical development of Non-Euclidean Geometry, include work
done by Lobachevsky, Playfair and Riemann.
Solution
Two main branches of Non-Euclidean Geometry-
a. Hyperbolic Geometry
b. Elliptical Geometry
Primary difference-
In hyperbolic geometry, the lines "curve away" from each other while in elliptical geometry,
the "lines curve" towards each other.
History-
Non-Euclidean geometries were not widely accepted until the 19th century. The discovery of
non-euclidean geometry began when Euclid's work "Element" was written. Euclid began with
a limited number of assumptions and sought to prove all the other results in the work.The most
notorious of the postulates is often referred to as "Euclid's Fifth Postulate" which tells about
hyperbolic and elliptical geometry.
Lobachevsky booklet explains that-
All straight lines which in a plane go out from a point can, with reference to a given straight line
in the same plane, be divided into two classes - into cutting and non-cutting. The boundary lines
of the one and the other class of those lines will be called parallel to the given line.
Playfair explaination-
Given a line and a point not on the line, it is possible to draw exactly one line through the given
point parallel to the line.
Riemann gave theory of spherical geometry. In the Riemann type of spherical geometry, lines
have no (or more precisely two imaginary) infinitely distant points.

More Related Content

Similar to What are the two main branches of Non-Euclidean Geometry What is the.pdf

Introduction to euclid’s geometry
Introduction to euclid’s geometryIntroduction to euclid’s geometry
Introduction to euclid’s geometry
Srihari Sanjeev
 
Modern geometry
Modern geometryModern geometry
Modern geometry
SFYC
 
Euler and Euclid
Euler and EuclidEuler and Euclid
Euler and Euclid
Lavanya
 
b.) GeometryThe old problem of proving Euclid’s Fifth Postulate.pdf
b.) GeometryThe old problem of proving Euclid’s Fifth Postulate.pdfb.) GeometryThe old problem of proving Euclid’s Fifth Postulate.pdf
b.) GeometryThe old problem of proving Euclid’s Fifth Postulate.pdf
annaindustries
 
Theoretical base of mahematical education
Theoretical base of mahematical educationTheoretical base of mahematical education
Theoretical base of mahematical education
deeparavisai
 

Similar to What are the two main branches of Non-Euclidean Geometry What is the.pdf (20)

Euclid's geometry
Euclid's geometryEuclid's geometry
Euclid's geometry
 
Euclid
EuclidEuclid
Euclid
 
Presentation on the Euclid
Presentation on the EuclidPresentation on the Euclid
Presentation on the Euclid
 
Introduction to euclid’s geometry
Introduction to euclid’s geometryIntroduction to euclid’s geometry
Introduction to euclid’s geometry
 
Geometry
GeometryGeometry
Geometry
 
Euclid geometry by aum
Euclid geometry by aumEuclid geometry by aum
Euclid geometry by aum
 
Modern geometry
Modern geometryModern geometry
Modern geometry
 
Euclid life history
Euclid life historyEuclid life history
Euclid life history
 
CLASS 9 MATHS GEOMETRY INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY.pptx
CLASS 9 MATHS GEOMETRY INTRODUCTION  TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY.pptxCLASS 9 MATHS GEOMETRY INTRODUCTION  TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY.pptx
CLASS 9 MATHS GEOMETRY INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY.pptx
 
Euler and Euclid
Euler and EuclidEuler and Euclid
Euler and Euclid
 
b.) GeometryThe old problem of proving Euclid’s Fifth Postulate.pdf
b.) GeometryThe old problem of proving Euclid’s Fifth Postulate.pdfb.) GeometryThe old problem of proving Euclid’s Fifth Postulate.pdf
b.) GeometryThe old problem of proving Euclid’s Fifth Postulate.pdf
 
7 euclidean&non euclidean geometry
7 euclidean&non euclidean geometry7 euclidean&non euclidean geometry
7 euclidean&non euclidean geometry
 
MATH SASMITA BARIK.pptx
MATH SASMITA BARIK.pptxMATH SASMITA BARIK.pptx
MATH SASMITA BARIK.pptx
 
EUCLID'S GEOMETRY
EUCLID'S GEOMETRYEUCLID'S GEOMETRY
EUCLID'S GEOMETRY
 
Theoretical base of mahematical education
Theoretical base of mahematical educationTheoretical base of mahematical education
Theoretical base of mahematical education
 
3.2 geometry the language of size and shape
3.2    geometry the language of size and shape3.2    geometry the language of size and shape
3.2 geometry the language of size and shape
 
Geometry
GeometryGeometry
Geometry
 
Bernoulli Family
Bernoulli FamilyBernoulli Family
Bernoulli Family
 
History of Mathematics - Early to Present Period
History of Mathematics - Early to Present PeriodHistory of Mathematics - Early to Present Period
History of Mathematics - Early to Present Period
 
Eykleidis
EykleidisEykleidis
Eykleidis
 

More from irshadoptical

i need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdf
i need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdfi need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdf
i need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdf
irshadoptical
 
Help!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdf
Help!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdfHelp!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdf
Help!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdf
irshadoptical
 
C++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdf
C++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdfC++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdf
C++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdf
irshadoptical
 
You are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdf
You are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdfYou are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdf
You are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdf
irshadoptical
 
Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdf
Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdfWhich of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdf
Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdf
irshadoptical
 
Write a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdf
Write a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdfWrite a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdf
Write a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdf
irshadoptical
 

More from irshadoptical (20)

In practice, a RAM is used to simulate the operation of a stack by m.pdf
In practice, a RAM is used to simulate the operation of a stack by m.pdfIn practice, a RAM is used to simulate the operation of a stack by m.pdf
In practice, a RAM is used to simulate the operation of a stack by m.pdf
 
i need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdf
i need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdfi need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdf
i need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdf
 
Help!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdf
Help!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdfHelp!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdf
Help!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdf
 
How does feasibility differ in an agile environment in comparison to.pdf
How does feasibility differ in an agile environment in comparison to.pdfHow does feasibility differ in an agile environment in comparison to.pdf
How does feasibility differ in an agile environment in comparison to.pdf
 
describe a real-life example of selection against a homozygous reces.pdf
describe a real-life example of selection against a homozygous reces.pdfdescribe a real-life example of selection against a homozygous reces.pdf
describe a real-life example of selection against a homozygous reces.pdf
 
Define a motor unit. What roles do motor units play in graded contrac.pdf
Define a motor unit. What roles do motor units play in graded contrac.pdfDefine a motor unit. What roles do motor units play in graded contrac.pdf
Define a motor unit. What roles do motor units play in graded contrac.pdf
 
An antibody is a protein that has which level of protein structure .pdf
An antibody is a protein that has which level of protein structure  .pdfAn antibody is a protein that has which level of protein structure  .pdf
An antibody is a protein that has which level of protein structure .pdf
 
C++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdf
C++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdfC++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdf
C++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdf
 
You are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdf
You are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdfYou are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdf
You are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdf
 
Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdf
Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdfWhich of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdf
Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdf
 
Write a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdf
Write a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdfWrite a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdf
Write a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdf
 
what is the difference bettween cotranslational import and posttrans.pdf
what is the difference bettween cotranslational import and posttrans.pdfwhat is the difference bettween cotranslational import and posttrans.pdf
what is the difference bettween cotranslational import and posttrans.pdf
 
What is the meaning of critical periods in neonatal development Wha.pdf
What is the meaning of critical periods in neonatal development Wha.pdfWhat is the meaning of critical periods in neonatal development Wha.pdf
What is the meaning of critical periods in neonatal development Wha.pdf
 
What are the major differences between foreign bonds and Eurobonds .pdf
What are the major differences between foreign bonds and Eurobonds .pdfWhat are the major differences between foreign bonds and Eurobonds .pdf
What are the major differences between foreign bonds and Eurobonds .pdf
 
What is meant by ecological fallacySolutionAnswerThe term .pdf
What is meant by ecological fallacySolutionAnswerThe term .pdfWhat is meant by ecological fallacySolutionAnswerThe term .pdf
What is meant by ecological fallacySolutionAnswerThe term .pdf
 
By what transport method does oxygen enter the blood from the alveol.pdf
By what transport method does oxygen enter the blood from the alveol.pdfBy what transport method does oxygen enter the blood from the alveol.pdf
By what transport method does oxygen enter the blood from the alveol.pdf
 
All of these are examples of evidence used to support the hypothesis.pdf
All of these are examples of evidence used to support the hypothesis.pdfAll of these are examples of evidence used to support the hypothesis.pdf
All of these are examples of evidence used to support the hypothesis.pdf
 
A 28 year-old biologist makes a trip to study life forms in a distan.pdf
A 28 year-old biologist makes a trip to study life forms in a distan.pdfA 28 year-old biologist makes a trip to study life forms in a distan.pdf
A 28 year-old biologist makes a trip to study life forms in a distan.pdf
 
4. Name the following compounds CO2 CH CH3 CH20H CH3COOH 5. Water ha.pdf
4. Name the following compounds CO2 CH CH3 CH20H CH3COOH 5. Water ha.pdf4. Name the following compounds CO2 CH CH3 CH20H CH3COOH 5. Water ha.pdf
4. Name the following compounds CO2 CH CH3 CH20H CH3COOH 5. Water ha.pdf
 
4. When examining whether group differences occur on more than one d.pdf
4. When examining whether group differences occur on more than one d.pdf4. When examining whether group differences occur on more than one d.pdf
4. When examining whether group differences occur on more than one d.pdf
 

Recently uploaded

Spellings Wk 4 and Wk 5 for Grade 4 at CAPS
Spellings Wk 4 and Wk 5 for Grade 4 at CAPSSpellings Wk 4 and Wk 5 for Grade 4 at CAPS
Spellings Wk 4 and Wk 5 for Grade 4 at CAPS
AnaAcapella
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
Call Girls in Uttam Nagar (delhi) call me [🔝9953056974🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in  Uttam Nagar (delhi) call me [🔝9953056974🔝] escort service 24X7Call Girls in  Uttam Nagar (delhi) call me [🔝9953056974🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Uttam Nagar (delhi) call me [🔝9953056974🔝] escort service 24X7
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - EnglishGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
 
How to Manage Call for Tendor in Odoo 17
How to Manage Call for Tendor in Odoo 17How to Manage Call for Tendor in Odoo 17
How to Manage Call for Tendor in Odoo 17
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
 
Spellings Wk 4 and Wk 5 for Grade 4 at CAPS
Spellings Wk 4 and Wk 5 for Grade 4 at CAPSSpellings Wk 4 and Wk 5 for Grade 4 at CAPS
Spellings Wk 4 and Wk 5 for Grade 4 at CAPS
 
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptxOn_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
 
FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdf
FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdfFICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdf
FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdf
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.pptAIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
 
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
 
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
 
Call Girls in Uttam Nagar (delhi) call me [🔝9953056974🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in  Uttam Nagar (delhi) call me [🔝9953056974🔝] escort service 24X7Call Girls in  Uttam Nagar (delhi) call me [🔝9953056974🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Uttam Nagar (delhi) call me [🔝9953056974🔝] escort service 24X7
 
Philosophy of china and it's charactistics
Philosophy of china and it's charactisticsPhilosophy of china and it's charactistics
Philosophy of china and it's charactistics
 
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
 
latest AZ-104 Exam Questions and Answers
latest AZ-104 Exam Questions and Answerslatest AZ-104 Exam Questions and Answers
latest AZ-104 Exam Questions and Answers
 
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
 
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
 
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptxTowards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 

What are the two main branches of Non-Euclidean Geometry What is the.pdf

  • 1. What are the two main branches of Non-Euclidean Geometry? What is the primary difference between them? Describe the historical development of Non-Euclidean Geometry, include work done by Lobachevsky, Playfair and Riemann. Solution Two main branches of Non-Euclidean Geometry- a. Hyperbolic Geometry b. Elliptical Geometry Primary difference- In hyperbolic geometry, the lines "curve away" from each other while in elliptical geometry, the "lines curve" towards each other. History- Non-Euclidean geometries were not widely accepted until the 19th century. The discovery of non-euclidean geometry began when Euclid's work "Element" was written. Euclid began with a limited number of assumptions and sought to prove all the other results in the work.The most notorious of the postulates is often referred to as "Euclid's Fifth Postulate" which tells about hyperbolic and elliptical geometry. Lobachevsky booklet explains that- All straight lines which in a plane go out from a point can, with reference to a given straight line in the same plane, be divided into two classes - into cutting and non-cutting. The boundary lines of the one and the other class of those lines will be called parallel to the given line. Playfair explaination- Given a line and a point not on the line, it is possible to draw exactly one line through the given point parallel to the line. Riemann gave theory of spherical geometry. In the Riemann type of spherical geometry, lines have no (or more precisely two imaginary) infinitely distant points.