Presentation slides from my September 2023 guest lecture on Generative AI and its impact on creativity. The lecture also highlights the key themes of my recent July/August 2023 Harvard Business Review (HBR) cover article, exploring the potential of Generative AI to enhance human creativity. Additionally, the presentation engages in a discussion regarding the emerging opportunities and challenges within this domain. Generative AI (GAI) refers to a type of artificial intelligence that is able to generate new data or content, such as text, images, or music. This is typically done by training a model on a large dataset of existing data, and then using the model to generate new, similar data. -Promote Divergent Thinking -Challenge Expertise Bias -Assist in Idea Evaluation -Support Idea Refinement -Facilitate Collaboration https://hbr.org/2023/07/how-generative-ai-can-augment-human-creativity One of the biggest opportunities generative AI offers to businesses and governments is to augment human creativity and overcome the challenges of democratizing innovation.

1. AUGMENTING
CREATIVITY
USING GEN AI FOR
DESIGN &
INNOVATION
Tojin T. Eapen, PhD.
Principal Consultant &
Head – Global Innovation Centre (GIC)
SEPTEMBER 2023 | UNC

2. TOJIN T. EAPEN, PHD
• Principal Consultant & Head – Global
Innovation Centre (GIC) at Innomantra.
• Previously faculty at the University of
Missouri-Columbia
• 17 years of global professional, consulting,
and research experience in innovation
management
• Ph.D. from UNC-Chapel Hill
• Book: Bioinspired Strategic Design (2024)
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3. AGENDA
• Generative AI Era
• Augmenting Creativity
• Evolving Frontiers
• Emerging Challenges
• Discussion
PRESENTATION TITLE 3
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4. GENERATIVE AI ERA
A friendly introduction to the new and
disruptive age of Gen-AI.

5. WHAT IS AI? Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human
intelligence processes by machines, especially computer
systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of
information and rules for using the information), reasoning
(using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions),
and self-correction.
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6. BRIEF HISTORY OF AI
1940s-1950s
The early years of
AI. Programs such
as the Logic
Theorist and the
General Problem
Solver.
1956-1974
The “Golden Age”
of AI. Development
of expert systems
and natural
language
processing.
1974-1980
The “AI Winter”
period when
funding for research
dried out. There
was increased
skepticism of the
ability of AI to
mimic humans.
1980s-1990s
The resurgence of
AI with important
developments in
practical systems
such as expert
systems for medical
diagnosis and voice
recognition
systems.
1990s-2020
The machine
learning era. The
proliferation of data
has led to a
renewed interest in
AI, focusing on
machine learning
and deep learning.
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7. GENERATIVE AI
Generative AI (GAI) refers to a type of artificial intelligence that
is able to generate new data or content, such as text, images, or
music. This is typically done by training a model on a large dataset
of existing data, and then using the model to generate new, similar
data. Generative AI models can be used for a wide range of
applications, such as image and video synthesis, text generation,
and music composition.
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8. AI will not take away
your jobs...Someone
using AI will.
Linkedin Post
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9. GEN-AI MODELS
• Large Language Models
• GPT, Bard, LLaMa, Claude
• Text-to-Image Models
• Stable Diffusion, Midjourney
• Generative Video (Runway/Movio/DiD)
• Text-to-3D Models
• Audio & Speech Generation
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10. CHATGPT ChatGPT is a large-scale language model developed by OpenAI. It is
based on the transformer architecture and is trained on a dataset of
conversational text. It is capable of understanding context and
generating human-like responses to text input.
[https://chat.openai.com/chat]
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11. CLAUDE Claude 2 from artificial intelligence firm Anthropic, can parse and
summarize large texts of up to 75,000 words. Anthropic calls Claude 2
“constitutional AI”. The generative AI tool draws on other
documents, such as the privacy clauses in Apple’s terms of service, in
order to produce ethical responses to queries.
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12. DALL-E DALL-E is a deep learning model developed by OpenAI that is
capable of generating images from text descriptions. It uses a
transformer architecture similar to the one used in GPT and is trained
on a dataset of images and their associated captions.
[https://openai.com/dall-e-2/]
[https://huggingface.co/spaces/dalle-mini/dalle-mini]
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13. EXERCISE: AI TEXT-TO-IMAGE GENERATOR
• https://www.bing.com/create
• prompt: “<tiger> next to a <lion>”
• Try later using Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, or
any other text-to-image model.
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15. AUGMENTING
CREATIVITY USING
GENERATIVE AI
How AI is discovering, enabling, and disrupting
human creativity.

16. HOW GENERATIVE AI CAN AUGMENT
HUMAN CREATIVITY
• by Tojin T. Eapen, Daniel J. Finkenstadt,
Josh Folk, and Lokesh Venkataswamy
• HBR Magazine July/August 2023.
• Estimated 10+ Million views.
• Published in HBR global editions in
Korea, Japan, Italy, Turkey, China.
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17. HOW GENERATIVE AI CAN AUGMENT
HUMAN CREATIVITY
• “One of the biggest opportunities
generative AI offers to businesses and
governments is to augment human
creativity and overcome the challenges of
democratizing innovation.”
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18. HOW GENERATIVE AI CAN AUGMENT
HUMAN CREATIVITY
• Promote Divergent Thinking
• Challenge Expertise Bias
• Assist in Idea Evaluation
• Support Idea Refinement
• Facilitate Collaboration
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19. PROMOTE DIVERGENT
THINKING
• Challenge: Ideators find it hard to connect
multiple remote concepts.
• Solution: Use Generative AI as a tool for
remote associations can overcome curse-
of-expertise and help identify novel ideas
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20. HUMOR & CREATIVITY
• Why did the soccer player bring an apple
to the gym?
• He thought it would give him the 'core'
strength to handle any tackles
• Because he wanted to make sure he had a
"fruit-iful" workout and stay in "a-peel-ing"
shape!
• Well, he heard it was the secret to
perfecting his 'banana' kick!
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21. T. T. EAPEN 21
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22. T. T. EAPEN 22

23. VIDEO: BIOINSPIRED PRODUCT DESIGN
• https://youtu.be/xuThFn8oF34
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24. T. T. EAPEN 24

25. CHALLENGE EXPERTISE BIAS:
FORM LEADS FUNCTION
• Use generated images as a trigger for novel
ideas
• Inversion of the traditional paradigm of
“form ever follows function”
• Can overcome biases such as design
fixation and the Einstellung effect.
TURBOCHARGING IDEAS WITH GENERATIVE AI 25
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26. TURBOCHARGING IDEAS WITH GENERATIVE AI T. T. EAPEN 26

27. EXERCISE: TRISOCIATION
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VIRTUAL REALITY
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE
PERSONALIZED
NUTRITION

28. CHALLENGE EXPERTISE BIAS:
TRISOCIATION
• Method of Trisociation
• Extension of Bisociation
• Described by Papanek
• Challenging for humans to associate three
unrelated concepts
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29. TURBOCHARGING IDEAS WITH GENERATIVE AI T. T. EAPEN 29

30. T. T. EAPEN 30

31. VIDEO: GRIFFINIC PRODUCT DESIGN
• https://youtu.be/at32zyckwxQ
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32. ASSIST IN IDEA EVALUATION
• BP Oil Spill Challenge
• Organizations don’t have sufficient time to
appropriately evaluate large number of
ideas
• Idea evaluation and integration using
LLMs can save time and improve the
feasibility of ideas
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33. SUPPORT IDEA REFINEMENT
• Expand on ideas. Detail ideas. Integrate
ideas and remove inconsistencies.
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34. FACILITATE COLLABORATION
• Collaborative design detailing using text-
to-image models allows users without
training in specialized tools to participate
in visualization
34
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35. EVOLVING FRONTIERS
How Generative AI is compelling us to rethink
and innovate across all industries.

36. MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE
• Drug Discovery; Education, Medical
Records
• Insilico Medicine; Pharma.AI
• https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-startup-
that-says-its-ai-writes-medical-records-
humans-do-a-lot-of-the-work-
794be22e?mod=tech_lead_pos3
• https://www.techopedia.com/9-uses-of-
generative-ai-in-healthcare
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37. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
• Large number of design concepts can be
generated quickly by customers
• VERAS | EvolveLab
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechc
ouncil/2023/07/20/generative-ai-a-
blueprint-for-efficiency-in-building-
design/?sh=5d875f081bac
• https://www.analyticsinsight.net/explorin
g-design-frontiers-with-generative-ai/
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38. CUSTOMER SERVICE
• Respond effectively to large number of
customer enquiries
• https://news.abplive.com/technology/tra
vel-tourism-generative-ai-artificial-
intelligence-benefits-features-1618243
• https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023
/how-generative-ai-transforms-customer-
service
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39. MUSIC
• Music generation using AI
• Style of Frank Sinatra
• https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news
/meta-releases-new-generative-ai-tool-
create-music-from-text-prompt/652749/
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsi
er/2023/04/14/generative-ai-music-
platform-creates-forever-songs-with-artists-
unique-sounds-melodies-and-beats/
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40. GAMING
• Generative worlds
• https://medium.com/building-the-
metaverse/five-levels-of-generative-ai-for-
games-18579ab43da7
• https://a16z.com/2022/11/17/the-
generative-ai-revolution-in-games/
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsi
er/2023/05/23/unitys-project-barracuda-
injects-generative-ai-into-games-to-
kickstart-exponential-growth/
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41. NEWS MEDIA
• AI Anchors
• https://techwireasia.com/2023/07/ai-
news-anchors-and-which-countries-has-
them/
• https://www.livemint.com/ai/googles-
generative-ai-news-writing-tool-undergoes-
testing-suggest-report-is-journalism-under-
threat-from-ai-11689843752971.html
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42. MOVIES
• The Frost
• https://www.technologyreview.com/2023
/06/01/1073858/surreal-ai-generative-
video-changing-film/
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomdavenp
ort/2023/03/13/cuebric-generative-ai-
comes-to-hollywood/?sh=7330187c174b
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43. RUNWAY RunwayML is an online AI video editor that uses machine learning to
speed up the editing process and offer a number of enhancements.
https://www.runwayml.com/
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44. 44
“green robot singing a song”
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45. MARKETING
• Generation of marketing content,
advertising copy, product packaging, and
much more.
• https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/ana
lytics/the-future-of-generative-ai-in-
advertising-efficiency-without-
effectiveness
• https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023
/generative-ai-in-marketing
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46. HEYGEN HeyGen is an AI video generator that lets you
create engaging business and marketing videos.
No video editing skills are needed to use this
tool.
46
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47. 47
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48. 48
“Able was I ere I saw Elba”
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49. IDEOGRAM Ideagram.ai Ideogram is a startup AI text-to-
image service based in Toronto, Canada. It can
generate digital images, including company
logos and includes text-rendering capabilities.
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50. ENGINEERING DESIGN
• New Product Development
• Chip Design | Synopsys.AI
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmo
orhead/2023/05/04/synopsysairevolution
izing-chip-design-through-ai-driven-eda-
suite/?sh=66c29ac44637
• https://www.assemblymag.com/articles/
97855-toyota-unveils-new-generative-ai-
technique-for-vehicle-design
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51. CONSUMER PRODUCTS
• Large number of design concepts can be
generated quickly by customers
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusi
nesscouncil/2023/07/21/what-
generative-ai-means-for-consumer-created-
content/
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52. TOYS & PUZZLES
• Introduction of novel concepts quickly.
• https://aithority.com/machine-
learning/ai-invasion-revolutionizing-
childrens-toys-and-education-with-doodly-
ai/
• https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/n
ews/story/chatgpt-powered-teddy-bears-
could-read-bedtime-stories-to-kids-in-
future-says-major-toymaker-2395837-
2023-06-21
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53. CLOTHING AND FASHION
• Design of new concepts, product tryouts
• https://www.businessoffashion.com/case-
studies/technology/generative-ai-
playbook-machine-learning-emerging-
technology/
• https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/ret
ail/our-insights/generative-ai-unlocking-
the-future-of-fashion
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54. FOOD & BEVERAGES
• New concepts, packaging, taste design
• https://foodindustryexecutive.com/2023/
03/tastewise-unveils-tastegpt-the-new-
generative-ai-that-predicts-what-and-how-
we-eat/
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55. CONSUMER SERVICES
• Enables personalized management of
customer requirements
• https://www.bain.com/insights/five-
principles-for-generative-ai-in-financial-
services/
• https://www.businessinsider.com/sc/how
-generative-ai-will-play-a-role-in-our-
customer-experiences?IR=T
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56. BOOK PUBLISHING
• “The Fox” published in March 2023
• Edited in the style of Enid Blyton
• Entire book “The Fox” in 10 hours
• Sparked intense conversation on Linkedin
Design Thinking Group
• Linkedin: https://lnkd.in/gWRkNsfT
• Challenges include consistent imagery
• Book: amazon.com/dp/B0BZV6JL8V
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57. EMERGING
CHALLENGES
What are a few of the developing challenges
and complexities within the field of Gen-AI?

58. TRAINING DATA
• Source of data is mostly unknown for
many some AI models.
• https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/featu
re/Model-collapse-explained-How-
synthetic-training-data-breaks-AI
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59. THE AI FEEDBACK LOOP
• The Curse of Recursion: Training on
Generated Data Makes Models Forget
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.17493v2
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60. FAKING & BREAKING
• https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-
canada-65069316
• The Shibboleth of Generative AI Images
• Jailbreaking of LLMs
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61. PERCEIVED BIASES
• Outputs reflect the training data
• Images may not be representative of
current imagery
• https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.100
7/978-3-031-35081-8_32
• Prompt: “Meeting of famous computer
scientists”
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62. STYLE INFRINGEMENT
• https://www.creativebloq.com/features/g
reg-rutkowski-ai-art-prompts
• Greg Rutkowski
• Prompt: “greg rutkowski painting”
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63. HALLUCINATIONS?
• Source:
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/22/n
yregion/lawyers-chatgpt-schwartz-
loduca.html
• https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.09009.pdf
• How Is ChatGPT’s Behavior Changing
over Time?
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64. FUTURE OF EDUCATION
• Essays, Tests, False Attribution & More
• https://www.capgemini.com/news/press-
releases/half-of-secondary-school-
teachers-globally-believe-that-benefits-of-
generative-ai-as-an-educational-tool-
outweigh-the-risks/
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechc
ouncil/2023/03/03/generative-ai-
education-in-the-age-of-
innovation/?sh=27f1686b4eca
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65. FUTURE OF SCIENCE &
RESEARCH
• Sci-Gen is long gone
• ChatGPT Code Interpreter
• https://www.theregister.com/2023/06/08
/scientists_ai_recognition/
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66. FRAUD & DISHONESTY
• Enabling and stopping fraud
• https://www.paymentsjournal.com/gener
ative-ai-is-pushing-fraud-to-new-levels/
• https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/bu
siness/startup/paytm-will-use-generative-
ai-in-fraud-detection-customer-care-and-
onboarding-vijay-shekhar-sharma-
10537991.html
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67. AUTHENTICITY
• AI-generated data is seen as less than
authentic and deceptive
• Artificial Empathy is problematic
• https://theconversation.com/generative-
ai-is-forcing-people-to-rethink-what-it-
means-to-be-authentic-204347
• https://www.iasexpress.net/generative-ai-
what-are-the-implications-for-authenticity/
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68. AI FATIGUE
• People growing tired of AI-generated
imagery
• https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/ai-
fatigue
• https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/ne
ws/ai-fatigue-big-setback-for-chatgpt-as-
traffic-drops-for-the-first-time-ever-
71688654970483.html
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69. ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
• Unequal access
• Go AI. Go Broke
• Bandwagon Effect
• AI Fatigue
• https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.09009.pdf
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70. JOB LOSSES
• With US actors striking in part because of
the threat of AI to their livelihoods
• https://www.gatesnotes.com/The-risks-of-
AI-are-real-but-manageable/
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71. GAI IS DEAD. LONG LIVE GAI.
• New age of creative opportunities
• Complex challenges and risks
• Many open Pandora’s boxes
• From hype to real applications
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72. THE AGE OF
AUGMENTED CREATIVITY
IS HERE
Tojin T. Eapen
linkedin.com/in/tteapen/