The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
2. INTRODUCTION
DEFINATIONS OF SPEED
HISTORY OF ROTARY CUTTING
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPEED
LOW SPEED
HIGH SPEED
ULTRA HIGH SPEED
HANDPIECES
DEVELOPMENT
CLASIFICATIONS
AIR ABRASION
LASERS
ULTRASONIC DEVICES
STERLIZATION & DISINFECTION
REFERENCES
CONCLUSION
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. o RATE OF MOTION WITHOUT SPECIFYING ANY DIRECTION
o MAGNITUDE OF VELOCITY WITHOUT REGARD TO DIRECTION.
o RATE OF CHANGE OF POSITION WITH TIME WITHOUT
REFERENCE TO DIRECTION.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. 1871 FOOT ENGINE 700rpm
1874 ELECTRIC ENGINE 1000rpm
1914 DENTAL UNIT 5000rpm
1942 DIAMOND CUTTING INSTRUMENT 5000rpm
1946 OLD UNITS CONVERTED 10,000rpm
1947 TUNGSTEN CARBIDE BURS 12,000rpm
1945-55 AIR ABRASION UNITS
NON CUTTING DEVICES
ULTRA SONIC DEVICES
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. 1953 BALL BEARING HANDPIECE 25,000rpm
1955 WATER TURBINE HANDPIECE 50,000rpm
1955 BELT DRIVEN HAND PIECE 1,50,000rpm
1957 AIR TURBINE HANDPIECE 2,50,000rpm
1961 AIR TURBINE ST.HANDPIECE 2,50,000rpm
1994 CONTEMPORARY AIR TURBINE 3,00,000rpm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. HIGH SPEED
6,000-1,00,000rpm
CAN BE USED FOR CAVITY PREPARATION
MOST OF FINISHING PROCEDURES DONE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. BASED ON SPEED
BASED ON DESIGN
BASED ON POWER
MECNANISM
DEVICE USED FOR HOLDING ROTATING INSTRUMENTS, TRANSMITING
POWER TO THEM& FOR POSITONING THEM INTRAORALLY
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. ROTARY POWER GENERATED BY BELT
PULLEYS & E-CORD
GEARS & SHAFTS
5000 rpm
FUNCTIONS BEST AT LOW SPEED
BECAUSE OF MANY MOVABLE PARTS
WITH METAL TO METAL CONTACT
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. PAGE CHEYANS HANDPIECE – 1955 – 1,00,000 rpm
Worked with gears, also had cords – 10,000 rpm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. INDEPENDENT OF TURBINE
DESIGN.
RELATED TO ACTUAL TURBINE
DESIGN.
Multiple coupling connectors with
rotatable joints
Fibre optic illumination
Push button &lever chuck system
Ability to withstand routine
autoclaving.
Larger diameter rotors
Smaller rotors
Improved bearings
Modified rotor blade design.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. BORDEN HANDPIECE – 1957 – 3,00,000 rpm
SPEED DROPS FROM 3,00,000rpm TO
1,60,000 rpm WITH LATERAL WORK LOAD
OF 13/4 OUNCE
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. ROTARY CUTTING INSTRUMENT WITH
CUTTING HEADS OF VARIOUS SHAPES &
TWO OR MORE SHARP EDGED BLADES
USED AS ROTARY GRINDER.
STEEL TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
•STEEL BLANK T.C POWDER+CO/Ni(VACUUM)
•V.H.N= 800 V.H.N= 1650-1700
•WELL AT LOW SPEEDS WELL AT ALL SPEEDS
DULL AT HIGH SPEEDS.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. MODIFICATIONS IN BUR DESIGN
1. Reduced use of cross cuts
2. Extended heads on fissure burs
3. Rounding of sharp triangles
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. FACTORS INFLUENCING CUTTING EFFECTIVINESS
& EFFICIANCY OF BUR
•RAKE ANGLE,CLEARENCE ANGLE & BLADE ANGLE
POSITIVE RAKE ANGLE SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN IN STEEL BURS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. NUMBER OF BLADES & THEIR DISTRIBUTION
DECRESING NO OF BLADES- INCREASE FORCE ON ONE BLADE
-INCREASE SIZE OF CHIP REMOVED
-LESS CLOGING TENDENCY
STRAIGHT FLUTES V/S SPIRAL FLUTES
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. LOAD IS FORCE EXERTED BY OPERATOR ON THE BLADE DURING CUTTING
INFLUENCE OF LOAD
LOW SPEEDS– 1000-1500 gms
HIGH SPEEDS– 60-120gms
INFLUENCE OF SPEED
30,000-1,50,000rpm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. 1940- - DR.ROBERT BLACK
1951- - S.S. WHITE TECHNOLOGY-
AIR DENT
1990- - ADVANCED AIR ABRASION
UNITS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. SYSTEMS & FEATURES
•AIR –FLOW PREP K1 ALUMINIUM OXIDE POWDER STREAM IN
WATER SPRAY.
•PROPHY JET FINE PARTICLES OF NaHCO3 THRU A
STREAM OF AIR SURROUNDED BY WATER
ABRASIVE PARTICLES
•ALUMINIUM OXIDE -
•POLY CARBONATE RESIN ALUMINA- HA MIXTURES
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. VARIABLES
1. PRESSURE- 40-140psi
2. TIP SIZE- 0.015”-0.027”
3. TIP ANGLE- 40-140
4. TIP DISTANCE- 2mm
5. DWELL TIME- >EXPOSURE=>PREPARATION
6. PARTICLE SIZE- 27m-50m
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. MAINMAN- RUBY LASER in 1960
STERN&SOAGNNAES- DENTAL TISSUES 1964
CO2 LASER - JEFFERY et al 1990
wavelength of 10.6um
power of 2-10 W
time 0.5-25S
ND-YAG LASER-
wave length of 1.06um
power of 0.3-3W
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. EXCIMER LASER- ULTRA VOILET RAYS
wave length of –193-351nm
time-15-300ns
ARGON LASER- ARGON GAS
wave length of 514-488nm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. • THE ORIGIN OF THE AIR TURBINE DENTAL HANDPIECE
BRITISH JOURNAL 1974 469-473
•DENTAL HANDPIECES AND ROTARY CUTTING INSTRUMENTS
DCNA 1971 (15) 219-245
•STATUS REPORT ON DENTAL OPERATING HANDPIECES
J AM DENT ASSOC 1974 (89) 1163-69
•DENTAL HANDPIECE- A HISTORY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
AUSTRALIAN DENT JOUR 1986 31(3)
•HIGH SPEED CAVITY PREPARATION TECHNIQUES WITH DIFFERENT
WATER FLOWS,
JO OF PROS DENT 87(2) 158-162
•WATER FLOW IN HIGH SPEED HAND PIECES
QI 2005 36(6) 361-65
REFERENCES
www.indiandentalacademy.com