Odontogenic cysts introduction and classification

Integrated Module
Odontogenic cysts
Introduction
and classification of odontogenic cysts
I N D I A N D E N T A L A C A D E M Y
LEADER IN
CONTINUING DENTAL
EDUCATION
www.indiandentalacademy.com

Cyst
 INTRODUCTION-
 Kramer (1974) has defined a cyst as ‘a
pathological cavity having fluid, semifluid
or gaseous contents and which is not created
by the accumulation of pus’.
Most cysts, but not all, are lined by
epithelium.

Learning objectives
At the end of the lecture student should understand
 Definition ,brief description and classification of
odontogenic cysts

 Cysts are the most common cause of chronic
swellings of jaws.
 They are more common in jaws than in any other
bone because of the many rests of odontogenic
epithelium remaining in the tissues.
 Cysts formed from this epithelium account for most
cysts of jaws.

6
Typical features of jaw cysts-
 Most jaw cysts behave similarly and usually grow
slowly and expansively
 They differ mainly in their relationship to the jaw.
 They form sharply defined radiolucencies with
smooth borders.
 Fluid may be aspirated and thin walled cyst may be
transilluminated .

 Grows slowly ,displaces tooth rather than resorbing.
 Symptomless unless infected and are frequently
chance radiographic findings.
 Rarely large enough to cause pathological fracture.
 Form compressible and fluctuant swelling if
extending into soft tissue.
 Appears bluish when close to mucosal surface.

 Odontogenic cysts affect the tooth bearing region of
the jaws.
 Most non odontogenic , true cysts are developmental
and form in the region of anterior maxilla.
Relative frequency of different types of jaw cysts are –
 Radicular cyst-65-70%
 Dentigerous cyst-15-18%

 Keratocyst -3-5%
 Nasopalatine 5-10%
 Lateral periodontal and paradental cyst less than
1%
Origin of different odontogenic cysts-
 Dentigerous cysts arises as a result of cystic change
in the remains of the enamel organ after enamel
formation.

 Eruption cyst though a soft tissue cyst arises from
enamel organ epithelium after enamel formation is
complete.
 Odontogenic keratocyst arise from any of the
primordial epithelia i.e the dental lamina or its
remains.
 Gingival cyst arises due to proliferation of the
epithelial rests of Serres.

 Some cysts are stimulated & arise from growth
related cytokines—young adults
 Some arise from genetically stimulated growth
factors-multiple OKC in Basal cell nevus syndrome
 Some arise from loss of cell replication-potential of
cyst to develop at any age

Classification by Etiology
A. Developmental
 Dentigerous cyst
 Eruption cyst
 Odontogenic keratocyst
 Gingival cyst of newborn
 Gingival cyst of adult
 Lateral periodontal cyst
 Calcifying odontogenic
cyst
 Glandular odontogenic
cyst
B. Inflammatory
 Periapical cyst
 Residual cyst
 Paradental cyst

Classification by Tissue of origin
Derived from rests of Malassez
 Periapical cyst
 Residual cyst
Derived from reduced enamel epithelium
 Dentigerous cyst
 Eruption cyst

Derived from dental lamina (rests of serre)
 Odontogenic keratocyst
 Gingival cyst of newborn
 Gingival cyst of adult
 Lateral periodontal cyst
 Glandular odontogenic cyst
Unclassified
 Paradental cyst
 Calcifying odontogenic cyst

Classification by Shear
I Cysts of the jaws
A. Epithelial lined cysts
1. Developmental origin
a) Odontogenic
I. Gingival cyst of infant
II. Odontogenic keratocyst
III. Dentigerous cyst
IV. Eruption cyst

V. Gingival cyst of adult
VI. Developmental lateral periodontal cyst
VII. Botryoid odontogenic cyst
VIII. Glandular odontogenic cyst
IX . Calcifying odontogenic cyst

b) Non- odontogenic
I. Midpalatal raphe cyst of infants
II. Nasopalatine duct cyst
III. Nasolabial cyst
2. Inflammatory origin
I. Radicular ,apical & lateral
II. Residual cyst
III. Paradental cyst & juvenile paradental cyst
IV. Inflammatory collateral cyst

B. Non-Epithelial lined cysts
1. Solitary bone cyst
2. Aneurysmal bone cyst
II Cysts associated with the maxillary antrum
1. Mucocele
2. Retention cyst
3. Pseudocyst
4. Postoperative maxillary cyst

III Cysts of the soft tissues of the mouth, face and
neck
1. Dermoid & epidermoid cysts
2. Lymphoepithelial (branchial) cyst
3. Thyroglossal duct cyst
4. Anterior median lingual cyst(intralingual cyst of
foregut origin)
5. Oral cysts with gastric or intestinal epithelium (
oral alimentary tract cyst)
6. Cystic hygroma

7.Nasopharyngeal cyst
8.Thymic cyst
9.Cysts of the salivary glands: mucous extravasation
cyst; mucous retention cyst;ranula;polycystic
(dysgenetic) disease of the parotid
10.Parasitic cysts: hydatid cyst; Cysticercus
cellulosae;trichinosis

Odontogenic cysts introduction and classification

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