TUMORS ONCOLOGY DENTAL DENTAL

1. Non-Odontogenic
Cysts
Alejandro Salcedo, John Ramirez,
Jessica Santana

2. Congenital Cysts
Non-odontogenic cysts are pathological cavities or sacs that develop within the oral and maxillofacial regions,
characterized by their origin from tissues other than teeth and their surrounding structures.
Unlike odontogenic cysts, which arise from dental tissues like enamel, dentin, and dental follicles, non-
odontogenic cysts emerge from various tissues such as the mucosal lining, salivary glands, connective tissue, or
developmental remnants within the oral and maxillofacial complex.
These cystic entities often present diverse clinical manifestations and radiographic features, necessitating
thorough diagnostic evaluation and tailored management approaches for optimal patient care.
What's the contrast between odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts? Odontogenic ones come from teeth-
related tissue in bone or gums, while non-odontogenic ones originate from different types
of tissue.

3. What is an example of a non-odontogenic cyst?
Nonodontogenic cysts of the jaws most
commonly encountered are;
PLEASE HELP ARRANGE
1. Defect of Stafne
2. Dentigerous cyst
3. Infected mandibular oral cyst
4. Keratocyst (keratocystic
odontogenic tumor)
5. Nasopalatine duct cyst
6. Periodontal cyst
7. Radicular cyst
8. Residual cyst
9. Simple bone cyst

4. answers
ANSWERS
1. Nasopalatine duct cyst
2. Defect of Stafne
3. Residual cyst
4. Dentigerous cyst
5. Keratocyst (keratocystic
odontogenic tumor)
6. Infected mandibular oral cyst
7. Simple bone cyst
8. Periodontal cyst
9. Radicular cyst

5. What is an example of a non-odontogenic cyst?
Non-odontogenic cysts of the jaws most commonly encountered are the nasopalatine
duct canal cyst, nasolabial cyst, traumatic bone cyst, Stafne bone cyst, aneurysmal bone
cyst, and focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect.

6. Branchiogenic Cyst
A branchiogenic cyst, also known as a cervical lymphoepithelial cyst or a branchial cleft cyst, is a congenital developmental
anomaly that arises from remnants of the branchial arches during embryonic development. These cysts are typically located in
the neck or lower jaw region and are often found along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. CONGENITAL
Definition:
Branchiogenic cysts are cystic structures that result from the failure of the branchial apparatus to completely obliterate during
fetal development. They usually contain fluid or semi-solid material and can vary in size.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of a branchiogenic cyst involves clinical examination and imaging studies. A physical examination may reveal a soft,
fluctuant mass in the neck or jaw area. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI can provide more detailed
information about the location, size, and content of the cyst.

7. Branchiogenic Cyst
Location:Branchiogenic cysts are commonly found in the lateral part of the neck, along the
anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. They may also be found in the jaw
region, usually in the angle of the mandible.
It's important to note that if a branchiogenic cyst becomes infected, it may require antibiotic
treatment before surgical removal can be considered. As with any medical condition,
individual cases can vary, so consulting a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and
treatment recommendations is essential.
Treatment:The treatment of a branchiogenic cyst typically involves surgical removal. This
is done to prevent complications such as infection, abscess formation, and discomfort. The
cyst and its associated tract are carefully excised to ensure complete removal and prevent
recurrence. Surgery is usually performed by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeon or a
maxillofacial surgeon.

9. Dermoid Cyst
A dermoid cyst is a growth of normal tissue surrounded by a sac. This tissue grows unexpectedly under the skin
or within the body.What It Is:
A dermoid cyst is like a skin-like lump containing various materials like fluid, hair, nerves, and even teeth.
Appearance:
Surface dermoid cysts look like small lumps on the skin. Some are deeper within the body.
Most dermoid cysts are congenital, and about 70% are found in children 5 years old or younger.
They can develop anywhere on the body, but dermoid cysts are most often found in the periorbital
lateral eyebrow area

10. INFORMATION
Dermoid refers to something that’s like skin. A
cyst is a lump or bump that may contain fluid or
other material. Most often, dermoid cysts contain
a greasy yellow material, but they may contain:
Bone.
Fluid.
Hair.****
Nerves.
Skin.
Sweat glands.
Teeth OR FLOOR OF MOUTH

11. Types of Dermoid Cysts:
Periorbital Dermoid Cyst:
Found near the eyebrow's outer edge.
Can alter bone shape over time.
Epibulbar Dermoid Cyst: On the eye's surface.
Intracranial Dermoid Cyst: Inside the brain.
Nasal Sinus Dermoid Cyst: Inside the nose.
Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Around the eye socket bones
*** OVARIES AND SPINE
.
Symptoms:
Many people have no symptoms, but growing cysts can cause issues. Symptoms depend on the cyst type. For
example:
Periorbital dermoid cyst can appear swollen and yellowish near the eyebrow, potentially changing bone shape.
Remember, while dermoid cysts might look like tumors, they're usually not harmful and often require surgical
removal.

12. DERMOID CYST CLOSING TOPIC
Who Gets It?
Dermoid cysts can affect anyone. They're often diagnosed in children (7 out of 10 cases) and sometimes at birth
(4 out of 10 cases).
Causes:
Dermoid cysts are present from birth due to improper skin layer growth during fetal development. They form
when skin cells and glands gather in a sac and continue producing fluid.
Treatment:
Surgery is often needed to remove a dermoid cyst since it won't disappear by itself.
Dermoid (Epidermal Inclusion
Cyst):
● epidermoid cyst,
● epithelial cyst,
● keratin cyst,
● sebaceous cyst, or milia.
T

13. 3 MAIN CATEGORIES

14. Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Thyroglossal duct cysts (TDCs) are congenital throat cysts.
Typically benign, often detected and treated in children under
10, occasionally in adults. Surgery is the common treatment,
with low recurrence after removal.
● Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Symptoms:
● Notable lump in the throat moving upward when
swallowing or sticking out the tongue.
● Soft, smooth, round cyst felt under the skin, akin to cookie
dough.
● Swelling and discomfort if infected.
● Cyst rupture, fluid oozing.
● Difficulty in swallowing.

15. Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Cancer Symptoms:
Uncommon cancer in adults.
● Slow-growing, often asymptomatic.
● Detected incidentally while treating other conditions like
goiters.
● Signs include growing hard lump in the throat,
● swollen lymph nodes, swallowing issues.
● During a baby's growth, the thyroid gland forms. Cells from
the tongue move to the bone supporting the tongue.
Normally, a path that helped this process closes, but in
cysts, it keeps fluid. We don't know why this happens.

16. Diagnosis & Tests for Thyroglossal Duct Cysts:
Throat examination.
Ultrasound to measure cyst size.
Diagnosis & Tests for Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Cancer:
Often discovered during other treatments.
Confirmatory tests:
Fine needle biopsy: Extracting and analyzing
tissue.
CT scan: 3D X-ray images.
MRI: Clear images using magnets and radio
waves.

17. Management & Treatment:
Need for Removal:
Surgery suggested for infected or problematic cysts.
Surgery might be advised even without symptoms.
Cyst Removal Surgery:
Commonly performed Sistrunk procedure.
Involves incision, cyst removal, thyroglossal tract removal, and part of hyoid bone.
Recovery after Sistrunk Surgery:
One week return to school or work.
2-6 weeks before strenuous activity, especially heavy lifting.
Cancer Treatment:
TDC cancer may require Sistrunk procedure.
Check lymph nodes and thyroid.
Further surgeries if needed:
Total thyroidectomy (partial/complete thyroid removal).
Lateral neck dissection (lymph node removal).
Radioactive iodine treatment (to eliminate remaining cancer cells).

18. Non-Odontogenic Fissural Cyst
(Developmental Cysts)

19. examples

20. Nasopalatine Duct Cyst (Incisive Canal
Cyst)
Definition:
A nasopalatine duct cyst is a frequent non-tooth-related cyst during development. It's also called an incisive canal
cyst. It emerges from leftover embryonic parts of the nasopalatine duct. These cysts often form in the center of the
upper front jaw, close to the incisive foramen.

21. Treatment
Treatment for nasopalatine duct cysts involves removal through either a palatine or buccal
approach, and transnasal endoscopic marsupialization is also a possible method.
Recurrence is infrequent, with reported cases ranging from 0% to 11% among patients.

23. Palatine Papilla Cyst
● The cyst of the incisive papilla is an
uncommon variant of the nasopalatine duct
cyst.
● This entity is described as arising from
epithelial nests of the incisive foramen rather
than within the incisive canal.
● Usually not visible during roentgenographic
examination.
● May be either symptomatic or asymptomatic
● If enlargement involves erosion of the palatal
bone, a corresponding radiolucency may be
noted.

24. Nasolabial Cyst (Nasoalveolar Cyst)
Clinical Features:
● Swelling below or inside the NOSTRIL that
may present in the canine region.
● CANNOT SEE THIS CYST ON A
RADIOGRAPH, but may produce "cupping"
of underlying bone. NOT WITHIN BONE
(extra-osseous) so not visible on a
radiograph.
Treatment:
Enucleation (surgical excision). Excellent
prognosis.
A soft tissue cyst of the UPPER LIP (extra-osseous cyst) superficially located in soft tissue of the
upper lip that histologically develops from epithelial remnants from the inferior and anterior portion
of the nasolacrimal duct.

25. Globulomaxillary Cyst
Clinical Features:
Usually asymptomatic, but occasionally produces swelling
with or without pain. All regional teeth are vital. Occurs
within bone (Intra-osseous)
Histologic Features:
Consists of epithelial remnants where the globular &
maxillary processes are fused.
Radiographic Features:
Inverted PEAR-SHAPED radiolucency between the
maxillary lateral & canine roots.
Teeth are vital, but roots may be divergent.
Treatment: Enucleation without disturbing the teeth.
Excellent prognosis
An inverted "PEAR-SHAPED" radiolucency in bone between the roots of the maxillary lateral &
canine (often causes roots of the involved teeth to DIVERGE).

26. Median Palatal Cyst
MEDIAN PALATAL CYST-rare, but may occur anywhere along the MEDIAN PALATAL RAPHE,
usually in the HARD PALATE MIDLINE, posterior to the premaxilla (occurs in bone;
intraosseous). Clinically, this lesion presents as a firm, painless swelling. This cyst may represent
a more posterior version of a Nasopalatine Duct Cyst, rather than a separate cystic degeneration
of epithelial rests at the line of fusion of the palatine shelves.

27. Median Palatal Cyst
•Histologic Features: epithelial remnants in the
line of fusion between the palatine processes.
Appears as a soft, fluctuant or crepitant swelling
in the hard palate midline.
• Radiographic Features: well-demarcated
radiolucency in the midline of the hard palate.
• Treatment: Enucleation with an excellent
prognosis.

28. Median Alveolar Cyst
Rare, but occurs in the bony alveolus
(intraosseous) between the central incisors.
Distinguished from a periapical cyst by the fact
that the adjacent teeth are vital.
Treatment: Enucleation