The document provides an overview of basic electrical circuits and components. It defines key electrical concepts like voltage, current, resistance and Ohm's Law. It explains analog and digital signals and different circuit components like buttons, potentiometers and sensors. It also lists some electronics shops in Cairo where components can be purchased.

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Created By:
IEEE MIU SB Academic Committee
Arduino Workshop

2. PART 2: ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 101
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3. CONTENT
• OHM’S LAW
• ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
• CURRENT FLOW ANALOGY
• VOLTAGE ANALOGY
• RESISTANCE ANALOGY
• WHAT’S A BREADBOARD?
• INPUT VS OUTPUT
• ANALOG VS DIGITAL
• COMPONENTS
• SIMPLE CIRCUITS
• ELECTRONICS SHOPS IN CAIRO
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4. OHM’S LAW
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• OHM’S LAW DESCRIBES THE DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VOLTAGE (V), THE CURRENT (I)
& THE RESISTANCE (R) OF A CIRCUIT.
• THE THREE DIFFERENT FORMS OF OHM’S LAW ARE AS FOLLOWS:
V = I.R I = V/R R = V/I

5. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Voltage
V
• Amount of
potential energy
in a circuit.
• Units: Volts (V)
Current
I
• The rate of
charge flow in a
circuit.
• Units: Amperes (A)
Resistance
R
• Opposition to
charge flow.
• Units: Ohm (Ω)
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6. CURRENT FLOW ANALOGY
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High Current Low Current

7. VOLTAGE ANALOGY
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Water
Tower
Less Energy == Lower Voltage
V
Water
Tower
V

8. RESISTANCE ANALOGY
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Small Pipe == Higher Resistance
Water
Tower
Water
Tower
V

9. WHAT’S A BREADBOARD? (1/2)
• A BREADBOARD IS USED TO BUILD AND TEST CIRCUITS
QUICKLY BEFORE FINALIZING ANY CIRCUIT DESIGN.
THE BREADBOARD HAS MANY HOLES INTO WHICH
CIRCUIT COMPONENTS LIKE ICS AND RESISTORS CAN
BE INSERTED.
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10. WHAT’S A BREADBOARD? (2/2)
• EACH ROW (HORIZONTAL) OF 5 HOLES ARE CONNECTED.
• VERTICAL COLUMNS – CALLED POWER BUS ARE
CONNECTED VERTICALLY
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11. INPUT VS. OUTPUT
REFERENCED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE MICROCONTROLLER (ELECTRICAL BOARD)
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Input is a
signal/information
going into the
board.
Output is any signal
exiting the board.

12. ANALOG VS DIGITAL
• MICROCONTROLLERS ARE DIGITAL DEVICES – ON OR OFF. ALSO CALLED –
DISCRETE.
• ANALOG SIGNALS ARE ANYTHING THAT CAN BE A FULL RANGE OF VALUES.
WANT SOME EXAMPLES? MORE ON THIS LATER…
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5 V
0 V
5 V
0 V

13. COMPONENTS
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Push Button Digital Input Switch - Closes
or opens circuit
Polarized, needs
resistor
Potentiometer
/ Variable
Resistance
Analog Input Variable resistor Also called a
Trimpot.
Photoresistor Analog Input Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR)
Resistance varies
with light.
Temp Sensor Analog Input Temp Dependent
Transistor
Name Image Type Function Notes

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15. Note:
ElectroDroid Android Application
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16. SIMPLE CIRCUITS
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17. ELECTRONICS SHOPS IN CAIRO
1-‫الكهربائية‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫مأمون‬ ‫مؤسسة‬
•13‫الصومال‬ ‫شارع‬-‫مصر‬‫الجديدة‬-‫القاهرة‬-‫مصر‬,‫التليفونات‬02-22914874-02-24150793-02-24187409-02-
22908912
•‫رقم‬ ‫محل‬151‫التجاري‬ ‫السوق‬-‫الرحاب‬-‫بجوار‬‫مركت‬‫الحسيني‬,‫تليفون‬:-- 022692554301066720004
2-‫لإللكترونيات‬ ‫المصري‬
•126‫الرجان‬ ‫شارع‬‫بالعتبة‬/‫تليفون‬:-23938130,01113552409,12285123580,01114051340
3-‫فيوتشر‬‫لإللكترونيات‬
•2‫السرايات‬ ‫شارع‬-‫باشا‬ ‫عبده‬ ‫ميدان‬-‫شمس‬ ‫عين‬ ‫هندسة‬ ‫امام‬ ‫العباسية‬-‫بريد‬ ‫مكتب‬ ‫فوق‬‫العباسية‬.
•‫تليفون‬:-202-26825325202-292220600111-0051494
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18. ELECTRONICS SHOPS IN CAIRO
4-‫لاللكترونيات‬ ‫رام‬
•32‫الفلكي‬ ‫شارع‬–‫اللوق‬ ‫باب‬–‫التحرير‬ ‫مترو‬,‫تليفون‬:-+202-27960551 / 27960558
5-‫لالكترونيات‬ ‫الجمال‬
•32‫عارف‬ ‫السالم‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫شارع‬–‫اللوق‬ ‫باب‬–‫التحرير‬,‫تليفون‬:-02 23961908/27960753
6-UGE-ONE
•26‫المنوفي‬ ‫شارع‬–‫شبرا‬ ‫دوران‬–‫الفرج‬ ‫روض‬ ‫مترو‬ ‫محتة‬,‫تليفون‬:-0106 655 2125
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