A novel switched coupled-inductor dc–dc step-up converter and its derivatives

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A NOVEL SWITCHED-COUPLED-INDUCTOR DC–DC STEP-UP CONVERTER AND
ITS DERIVATIVES
By
A
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the Department of electronics & communication Engineering in the
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
Of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
APRIL 2016

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CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled “A NOVEL SWITCHED-COUPLED-INDUCTOR
DC–DC STEP-UP CONVERTER AND ITS DERIVATIVES ” is the bonafide work of Mr.
_____________Who carried out the research under my supervision Certified further, that to the
best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report or
dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this
or any other candidate.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the H.O.D
Name Name

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A NOVEL SWITCHED-COUPLED-
INDUCTOR DC–DC STEP-UP CONVERTER AND ITS DERIVATIVES” Submitted to
BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
Degree of MASTER OF APPLIED ELECTRONICS is a record of original work done by me the
guidance of Prof.A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., to the best of my knowledge, the work
reported here is not a part of any other thesis or work on the basis of which a degree or award
was conferred on an earlier occasion to me or any other candidate.
(Student Name)
(Reg.No)
Place:
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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I am extremely glad to present my project “A NOVEL SWITCHED-COUPLED-INDUCTOR
DC–DC STEP-UP CONVERTER AND ITS DERIVATIVES” which is a part of my
curriculum of third semester Master of Science in Computer science. I take this opportunity to
express my sincere gratitude to those who helped me in bringing out this project work.
I would like to express my Director, Dr. K. ANANDAN, M.A.(Eco.), M.Ed., M.Phil.,(Edn.),
PGDCA., CGT., M.A.(Psy.) of who had given me an opportunity to undertake this project.
I am highly indebted to Co-Ordinator Prof. Muniappan Department of Physics and thank from
my deep heart for her valuable comments I received through my project.
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide
Prof. A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., for her immense help and encouragement for
successful completion of this project.
I also express my sincere thanks to the all the staff members of Computer science for their kind
advice.
And last, but not the least, I express my deep gratitude to my parents and friends for their
encouragement and support throughout the project.

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ABSTRACT:
This paper presents a novel dc–dc converter configuration, which successfully integrates
two technologies, including a switched capacitor and a switched coupled inductor, into one
converter. By adopting a coupled inductor to charge a switched capacitor, the voltage gain can be
effectively increased, and the turns ratio of the coupled inductor can be also reduced. Not only
lower conduction losses but also higher power conversion efficiency is benefited from a lower
part count and lower turns ratios. The proposed converter is simply composed of six components,
which can be further derived to varied converters for different purposes, such as a bidirectional
converter. The operating principle and steady-state analysis are discussed in this paper. A 250-W
laboratory hardware prototype is completed and verified. The voltage gain is up to 11. The
highest efficiency is 97.2%, and the full-load efficiency is kept at 93.6%.

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INTRODUCTION:
Various converters for high step-up applications has included the analysis of the
switched-inductor and switched capacitor type, the transformerless switched-capacitor type, and
the voltage-lift type. Some converters, which are the combination of boost and flyback
converters or the combinations of other types of converters, are developed to carry out a high
step-up voltage gain by using a coupled-inductor technique.
However, the leakage inductance of the coupled-inductor will cause a high voltage spike
on active switches when the switches were turned off. A small resistor or a resistor–capacitor–
diode snubber can be used to dissipate this leakage energy and suppress the voltage spike, but
these simple solutions are unable to benefit the converter efficiency.
Alternatively, employing an active clamp technique to recycle the leakage energy can
achieve soft switching for active switches. This active clamp technique directly increases the part
count and the complexity of control.
Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiency and voltage gain of step-up converters are
restrained by either the parasitic effect of passive components, such as the reverse recovery issue
of diodes, or the switching losses and conduction losses of power switches.
A small resistor or a resistor–capacitor–diode snubber can be used to dissipate this
leakage energy and suppress the voltage , but these simple solutions are unable to benefit the
converter efficiency.
Alternatively, employing an active clamp technique to recycle the leakage energy can
achieve soft switching for active switches. This active clamp technique directly increases the part
count and the complexity of control.

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Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiency and voltage gain of step-up converters are
restrained by either the parasitic effect of passive components, such as the reverse recovery issue
of diodes, or the switching losses and conduction losses of power switches.
The proposed converter. Two diodes D1 and D2 and capacitor C1 comprise a
conventional voltage-lift network. A coupled inductor T1, along with a single active switch S1, is
inserted between capacitor C1 and diodes D1 and D2.
Coupled inductor T1 plays the role of energy storage and a transfer device. The
magnetizing inductor Lm of coupled inductor T1 is equivalent to the input inductor of a
conventional boost converter.
Switching capacitor C1 obtains energy from input source Vin and secondary winding N2
and then releases it to output capacitor C2 and load R through output rectifier diode D2. The
proposed converter has several features. First, the coupled inductor transfers energy when the
active switch is either turned on or turned off, which increases the usage of the coupled inductor.

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EXISTING SYSTEM:
The magnetizing inductance of the high-frequency transformer is used for transferring
power. In order to reach an appropriate inductance value, the transformer may need to have an
air gap. Two smaller capacitors, C1 and C2, provide partial resonance. These capacitors are
placed on both sides of the transformer to also provide paths for the currents of the primary and
secondary leakage inductances and subsequently, avoid voltage spikes when the input and output
switches are turned OFF. As a result, no extra snubber circuit is required.

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:
Two diodes D1 and D2 and capacitor C1 comprise a conventional voltage-lift network. A
coupled inductor T1, along with a single active switch S1, is inserted between capacitor C1 and
diodes D1 and D2. Coupled inductor T1 plays the role of energy storage and a transfer device.
The magnetizing inductor Lm of coupled inductor T1 is equivalent to the input inductor of a
conventional boost converter. Switching capacitor C1 obtains energy from input source Vin and
secondary winding N2 and then releases it to output capacitor C2 and load R through output
rectifier diode D2.

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ADVANTAGES:
 The coupled inductor transfers energy when the active switch is either turned on or turned
off.
 The voltage conversion ratio can be efficiently enlarged.
 The leakage inductor energy of the coupled inductor can be recycled

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
BUFFER
circuit
5VDC
PIC controller
circuit
OPTO coupler
circuit
12 V
DC
INPUT
DC supply
Load
Single switch
integrated with
coupled inductor
Voltage
lift circuit

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TOOLS AND SOFTWARE USED:
 MPLAB – microcontroller programming.
 ORCAD – circuit layout.
 MATLAB/Simulink – Simulation

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APPLICATIONS:
 DC drives
 Battery charging systems

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CONCLUSION:
The proposed switched-coupled-inductor converter is a simple dc–dc step-up converter
with a high voltage conversion ratio inherent in this converter. By adopting coupled-inductor and
switched-capacitor techniques, the proposed converter successfully enlarges the voltage
conversion ratio without a high turns ratio of the coupled inductor. The proposed converter can
be also expanded to varied converters for different applications by simply adding series-
connected or parallel-connected modules to it. Finally, the laboratory hardware prototype is
implemented, and its performance is verified. The total parts count is only six. The voltage gain
is 11 when the turns ratio of the coupled inductor is three. The highest efficiency is up to 97.2%,
and the full-load efficiency is kept at 93.6%.

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REFERENCES:
[1] B. Axelrod and Y. Berkovich, “Switched-coupled inductor cell for DC–DC converters with
very large conversion ratio,” IET Power Electron., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 309–315, Mar. 2011.
[2] B. Axelrod, Y. Berkovich, and A. Ioinovici, “Switched-capacitor/ switched-inductor
structures for getting transformerless hybrid DC–DC PWMconverters,” IEEE Trans. Circuits
Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 687–696, Mar. 2008.
[3] D. Li, P. C. Loh, M. Zhu, F. Gao, and F. Blaabjerg, “Generalized multicell switched-inductor
and switched-capacitor Z-source inverters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 2, pp.
837–848, Feb. 2013.
[4] L. S. Yang, T. J. Liang, and J. F. Chen, “Transformer less DC–DC converters with high step-
up voltage gain,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 3144–3152, Aug. 2009.

A novel switched coupled-inductor dc–dc step-up converter and its derivatives

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A novel switched coupled-inductor dc–dc step-up converter and its derivatives