Supplying reliable electric power for critical systems is an essential part of modern industrial installations. Uninterrupted DC emergency power supply systems are used in various installations ranging from power generating stations to consumer-end substations and various applications such as control power to emergency lighting and small but critical motive loads. AC uninterrupted supply equipment find wide use in critical applications such as control, instrumentation, computer and communication systems as well as other types of installations. Electrical engineers in any industry or other large facilities in diverse areas such as commercial buildings, transportation systems such as railways, airports etc. are bound to come across AC or DC uninterrupted power supply systems. This manual covers the basic understanding of various options of UPS systems available, the principle of operation and of the main energy source in most of the modern UPS installations, viz., the battery. more information: http://www.idc-online.com/content/uninterruptible-power-supply-ups-systems-23?id=146

1. Maintenance and
Troubleshooting of
Uninterruptible
Power Supply (UPS)
Systems & Batteries
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2. Topics
• Power quality issues and improvement measures
• Continuity of Power-Planning for continuity
• UPS systems-Alternatives
• Solid state devices, rectifiers and inverters
• Static UPS Systems
• Different types of batteries-Charging of batteries
• Sizing of batteries for DC and UPS systems
• Maintenance and disposal of batteries
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3. Power Quality Issues
• Voltage Variations
• Interruptions in Supply
• Surges and Noise
• Presence of Harmonics
• Frequency disturbances
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4. Means to Improve Power Quality
• Voltage regulation
• Standby Sources and UPS systems
• Surge Protection devices
• Noise control
• Harmonic filters
• In-plant source for independent frequency/voltage
control
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5. Importance of Continuity of Power
• Effects of power failure
– Directly affecting human safety
– Serious equipment damage
– Potentially hazardous conditions (Ex: Loss of safety devices,
Control power)
– Disruption of production
• Cost of power interruption
– Direct (Loss of Production, Equipment damage, Accidents)
– Indirect (Ex: Legal liabilities, Loss of Goodwill)
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6. Planning for Continuity of Power
• Duplicate feeders to vital installations
• An emergency source operating in parallel with normal source
• Standby power source-Electro Mechanical
• Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)-Options
• DC systems with battery backup
• Critical equipment-Examine feasibility of non-electrical backup systems
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7. Uninterrupted Power Options
• Rotary UPS Systems for high power applications
• Static UPS Systems
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8. Basics of Solid State Devices
• Types of rectifiers
• Principle of an Inverter
• Types of inverters
• Devices used: Diodes,
Transistors, Thyristors, IGBTs
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9. Solid State UPS System
– General UPS Configuration and components
– Main types of UPS
– Detail of each type and relative merits
– Power quality and UPS
– Galvanic isolation of input and output
– Special issues in systems supplying power to computer loads
– Centralized and Decentralized UPS arrangements
– Redundant UPS systems
– Grounding of UPS derived supply
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10. Battery Banks
• Basic power source used in DC
systems and Static UPS systems
• Several types of batteries are available
for use
• All of them are some form of
secondary cells
• Common Types: Lead Acid, Nickel
Cadmium
• Flooded type and sealed type
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11. Battery Charging
• What is Trickle (Float) charging?
• What is Equalizing (Boost ) charging?
• What are the DC system configurations and
Charger options available?
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12. Battery Sizing-Factors
• System voltage
• Load requirements
• Backup load cycle
• End Cell voltage
• Derating factors for ambient conditions
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13. Battery Maintenance
• Failure of a battery can prove catastrophic
• Causes and modes of battery failures
• Proper upkeep essential for long battery life
• Capacity testing to assess residual battery life
• Continuous on-line monitoring systems
• Disposal and recycling of batteries
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14. DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?
If you are interested in further training or information, please
visit:
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