Electrical supply is important in any industry. It is necessary to protect power distribution systems, equipment, motors, generators, etc. from dangerous fault conditions in an electrical supply. Hence, it is necessary to arrange the equipment so it can be switched ON or OFF under different conditions such as, no load or load conditions, or even under fault conditions. The collection of equipment used for switching and protecting purposes in a power system is called switchgear. The most important element of good power system design is the proper selection of the distribution equipment.] The purpose of this workshop is to familiarise students with the basic concepts of a power distribution system, switchgear design and the principles of operation and applications of protection systems for the industrial electrical distribution systems. The workshop provides an overview of the basics of industrial power distribution systems, the various components in the distribution systems, components of power system protection schemes and concludes with safety and maintenance aspects. This workshop should be helpful for engineers and technicians in the field of electrical design or maintenance. MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/switchgear-and-distribution-systems-27

1. Switchgear and Distribution Systems
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2. Topics
• History and growth of power distribution
• Typical characteristics of a power distribution system
• Main components of a distribution system
• Main equipment in a distribution system
• Electrical safety and power security
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3. Governing principles of Power Distribution
• Safety of operating personnel and plant assets
• Reliable power supply (continuity of power)
• Adequate quality of power
• Prevention of load generated problems
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4. Consumers’ responsibility
• No power system is 100% trouble-free
• Consumer should know supply behaviour and parameters
• Preempt problems by proper design and selection of consumer
owned equipment
• Minimise adverse impact on power supply system
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5. History and growth of power distribution
• ac vs. dc
– Edison vs. Tesla (backed by
Westinghouse)
• ac won out because of several
benefits
– Higher efficiency of transmission
– Minimises voltage drop
– Transformation of ac voltage is
easy
• First ac installation in Niagara Falls
in USA
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6. Benefits of 3-phase ac power system
• Higher power output for a given size of motor
• Better conductor economy per unit power
• Self starting induction motors
• Better synchronising torque makes parallel operation
of alternators possible
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7. Connection configurations of source and
load
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8. Connection configurations of source and load
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9. Connection configurations of source and load
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10. Connection configurations of source and
load
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11. Types of power distribution
• Utility
– Dispersed loads
– Mix of large and small loads
• Residential (domestic)
– Small, perhaps single phase
– Daily and seasonal load cycle
• Buildings (commercial/business premises)
– Similar in nature to domestic but different daily cycle
• Industrial
– Larger loads concentrated in a small area
– Load fluctuations and load generated problems
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12. Industrial distribution components
• An incoming section
• In-plant emergency/standby generation and associated
distribution system
• A primary distribution system, usually medium/high voltage
• A step down transformer section
• A secondary low voltage distribution system
• Control gear for individual loads
• Supervisory control system
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13. Main equipment types
• Circuit isolation devices
• Circuit switching devices (circuit breakers)
• Transformers
• HV and LV distribution equipment
• Motor control panels
• DC supply system
• Power system protection
• Cable (or overhead line based) distribution systems
• Earthing system
• Power quality improvement equipment
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14. Electrical safety and power security
• Electricity-a good servant but a bad master
• Safety is a predominant issue
• Legislative requirements
• Standards for ensuring quality and reliability
• Good O&M practices to ensure power security
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15. DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?
If you are interested in further training or information, please
visit:
http://idc-online.com/slideshare
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