1. Carbon Accounting and Management in the Water Industry Carbon Accounting Conference 11 th March 2009 Heriot Watt University Dr Mark Williams Business Strategy and Climate Change Manager

7. From “Carbon accounting in the UK water industry: Guidelines for dealing with ‘embodied carbon’ and whole life carbon accounting”, UKWIR 08/CL/01/6 CO2 from direct and indirect energy use See Phase 1 First Construction See Phase 2 (Section 2 + Section 3) N 2 O, CH 4 from processes See Phase 1 Capital maintenance and renewal See Phase 2 (Section 4.3.4) Construction – Embodied emissions Operation and Maintenance – Operational emissions Embodied Emissions DEFRA Guideline Emissions Non - Defra Emissions FF CO 2 emissions* Other GHG emissions + *CRC, ROCs and EU ETS all only consider Fossil Fuel CO 2 but their rules differ in detail. + + Home water heating Local customer water recycling or harvesting investment Water N 2 O emissions downstream of effluent discharges See Phase 2 (Section 5) Excluded emissions (examples) Embodied Emissions CO2 from direct and indirect energy use First Construction N 2 O, CH 4 from processes Chemicals for Treatment Capital maintenance and renewal Construction – Embodied emissions Whole Life Carbon Emissions Operation and Maintenance – Operational emissions Embodied Emissions DEFRA Guideline Emissions Non - Defra Emissions CO 2 emissions* Other GHG emissions + *CRC, ROCs and EU ETS all only consider Fossil Fuel CO 2 but their rules differ in detail. + + Home water heating Local customer water recycling or harvesting investment Water N 2 O emissions downstream of effluent discharges Excluded emissions (examples) Embodied Emissions

8. Operational Boundaries (adapted from Figure 5.2, UKWIR, 2007) Operational activities from leased buildings Sludge transport and disposal Waste water treatment Water treatment Sludge treatment PFI Company Direct and indirect emissions Scottish Water

10. A Water Footprint Breakdown

13. Capital Emissions: First construction Site Preparation Commissioning Construction Demolition Clearance Waste Transport Concrete Steel Aggregates Waste Plant Pumping Sampling mileage Non Infrastructure Site Preparation Commissioning Construction Demolition Clearance Waste Transport Concrete Steel Aggregates Waste Plant Pumping Sampling mileage Excavation Pipe work Waste Transport Materials Waste Infrastructure Excavation Pipe work Waste Transport Materials Waste