Drive Test Explain

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9

Drive Test From A to Z
By: Ahmed Omar Abd El-Badea
2
SS
SS
D T I
BTS
BTS
O S S
ISDN
PLMN
PSTN
ISDN
ISDN
PLMN
PLMN
PSTN M I N
S C
B G W
H L R
AUC
SMSC-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
E I R
GWMSC
GWMSC
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
MS
MS
Air I/f
GPRS
SGSN
BSC/TRC
BSC/TRC
BSS
BSS
Before we start in Drive test we will make a fast revision on GSM basics.
‫شرح‬ ‫فى‬ ‫شباب‬ ‫يا‬ ‫نبدأ‬ ‫ما‬ ‫قبل‬
‫ال‬
(
Drive test
(
‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫بسيطه‬ ‫مراجعه‬ ‫هنعمل‬
( GSM )
‫جدا‬ ‫ضروريه‬ ‫دى‬ ‫المراجعه‬ ‫وطبعا‬
.
GSM Structure:
Mobile station (MS)
• The Mobile Station is the interface between the user and the network.
The MS consists of two independent parts:
 Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card
 Mobile equipment (ME).

3
Base transceiver station (BTS)
• A BTS acts as the interface between MS’s and the network, by providing radio
coverage functions from their antennae to provide the coverage area for one
cell.
• Converts the GSM radio signals into a format that can be recognized by the BSC
• Ciphering using the ciphering key
• Channel coding and interleaving
• Modulation and demodulation.
• Records and passes to the BSC the Signal strength measurements
Base station controller (BSC)
• The BSC is the central node within a BSS and co-ordinates the actions of Base
Stations. The BSC controls a major part of the radio network
• Hand over calculations.
• Power control calculations.
• Supervises the transmission network and the operation of each BTS
Mobile switching center (MSC)
• The primary node in a GSM network is the MSC. It is the node, which controls
calls both to MS’s and from MS’s.
The primary functions of an MSC include the following:
 Switching and call routing to or from MS.
 Charging.
 Service provisioning.
 Control of connected BSC’s.
 Direct access to Internet services.

4
Gateway mobile switching center (GMSC)
• Gateway functionality enables an MSC to interrogate a HLR in order to route a
mobile terminating call. It is not used in calls from MS’s to any terminal other
than another MS.
• For example, if a person connected to the PSTN wants to make a call to a GSM
mobile subscriber, then the PSTN exchange will access the GSM network by first
connecting the call to a GMSC
Home location register (HLR)
• The HLR is a centralized network database that stores and manages all mobile
subscriptions belonging to a specific operator.
• It acts as a permanent store for a person’s subscription information until that
subscription is cancelled.
• The primary functions of the HLR include:
 Stores for each mobile subscriber:
• Basic subscriber categories.
• Supplementary services.
• Current location.
• Allowed/barred services.
• Authentication data.
 Subscription database management
Visitor location register (VLR)
• The role of a VLR in a GSM network is to act as a temporary storage location for
subscription information for MSs, which are within a particular MSC service
area.
• Thus, there is one VLR for each MSC service area. This means that the MSC
does not have to contact the HLR (which may be located in another country)
every time the subscriber uses a service or changes its status.
• The VLR is always integrated with the MSC

5
• For the duration when the MS is within one MSC service area, then the VLR
contains a complete copy of the necessary subscription details, including the
following information:
 Identity numbers for the subscriber
 Supplementary service information (e.g. Does the subscriber has call
waiting activated or not)
 Activity of MS (e.g. idle or busy)
 Current Location Area of MS
Authentication center (AUC).
• To protect GSM systems, the following security functions have been defined:
 Subscriber authentication: by performing authentication, the network
ensures that no unauthorized users can access the network, including
those that are attempting to impersonate others.
 Radio information ciphering: the information sent between the network
and a MS is ciphered. A MS can only decipher information intended for it.
Equipment identification register (EIR)
• Because the subscriber and equipment are separate in GSM, it is necessary to
have a separate authentication process for the MS equipment.
• The equipment identification procedure uses the identity of the equipment
itself (IMEI) to ensure that the MS terminal equipment is valid.
Operation and maintenance center (OMC)
• The operation and Maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in
the SS (the GMSC, MSCs, HLR, VLR, AUC, EIR and the BSCs).
• It can be viewed as a computerized monitoring center were staff can monitor
and control the network remotely

6
GSM air interface
Traffic Channel
 Carries either encoded speech or user data up and down link between a single
mobile and a single BTS.
Types of traffic channel:
 Full rate (TCH)
 Transmits full rate speech (13 Kbits/s). A full rate TCH occupies
one physical channel.
 Half rate (TCH/2)
 Transmits half rate speech (6.5 Kbits/s).
 Two half rate TCH’s can share one physical channel, thus doubling the capacity
of a cell.

7
Control Channels
 These are used to carry signaling or synchronization data. They are divided into
three types:
 Broadcast Channels (BCH)
 Common Control Channels (CCCH)
 Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH’s)
1. Broadcast Channels (DL)
 From Single BTS to all the mobiles in the area
 Frequency Correction Control Channel (FCCH)
 Pure signal is transmitted to help the MS to lock on the frequency
on the BTS
 Synchronization Channel (SCH)
 Carries 2 important pieces of information
 TDMA frame number (max = 2715684 )
 Base station identity Code (BSIC)
 Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
 Broadcasts some general cell information such as:
 Location Area Identity (LAI),
 maximum output power allowed in the cell
 The identity of BCCH carriers for neighboring cells.
 Cell parameters (Power , idle mode parameters)

8
2. Common Control Channels
To or from a certain BTS to a single mobile
 Paging Channel (PCH)
 BTS Transmits a paging message to indicate an incoming call or
short message. The paging message contains the identity number
of the mobile subscriber that the network wishes to contact. (DL)
 Random Access Channel (RACH)
 MS Answers paging message on the RACH by requesting a signaling
channel of SDCCH. (UL)
 Access Grant Channel (AGCH)
 Assigns a signaling channel (SDCCH) to the MS. (DL)
3. Dedicated Control Channels
 Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)
 Used for signaling purposed: call setup, location update, IMSI
attach – detach.
 Used to send / receive SMS in idle mode.
 Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)
 Always allocated with traffic channel to transmit measurement
reports.
 DL: Commands from the network to the MS to adjust its power,
Timing advance (TA).
 UL: information about the MS own power, received signal
strength, quality and SS for neighbor cells.
 Used to send SMS in active mode.
 Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)
 Transmits handover information.

9
Site Types:

10

11
Antenna Tilting:
Direction of the antenna vertical beam.
Types of tilting:
 No Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed towards the horizon.
 Down Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed lower the horizon.
 Up Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed above the horizon.
Types of Tilting:
 Mechanical Tilting : tilting the physical body of the antenna
 Electrical Tilting: change the phase of the current fed the internal
dipoles which will result in tilting the main beam.

12
What is the better, Mechanical tilting or Electrical tilting …????
 Mechanical tilting :
-With mechanical down tilting, the main beam will be down tilted but the
back lobe will be up tilted that make interference.
- With mechanical tilting you can’t change the tilt of one band alone.
 Electrical tilting :
- With electrical down tilting, the main beam will be down tilted but the
back lobe will not be up tilted so back lobe interference decreased.
- With electrical tilting you can change the tilt of any band alone.
So Electrical Tilting is better than Mechanical Tilting
EX:
Electrical tilt = 2

13
To down tilt it by 8 degrees (Electrical tilt = 10):

14
‫ال‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫فى‬ ‫نبدأ‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫دى‬ ‫السريعه‬ ‫المراجعه‬ ‫خلصنا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وبعد‬
(
Drive test
)
Who is drive tester??
‫ال‬
(
Drive tester
)
‫اتص‬ ‫مهندس‬
‫ا‬
‫وشويه‬ ‫وسواق‬ ‫عربيه‬ ‫معاه‬ ‫الت‬
(
Tools
)
‫كمان‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫هنتعرف‬
‫ال‬ ‫وبمساعده‬ ‫شويه‬
(
Tools
)
‫ال‬ ‫يعرف‬ ‫يقدر‬ ‫دى‬
Network performance and problems
.
‫اه‬ ‫ًايو‬ ‫طية‬
TOOLS
‫؟؟؟؟‬ ٍ‫د‬
1- Laptop.
2- GPS
3- TEMS software (‫تيو‬ ‫شغاىين‬ َ‫اىي‬ ‫اىثرناٍج‬ َ‫تق‬ ‫)ًده‬
4- Dongle (Tems license )( (
‫حاجو‬ ‫اشغو‬ ‫ىعرف‬ ‫ٍش‬ ‫غيره‬ ‫ٍن‬ َ‫اىي‬ ‫ًده‬
5- Mobile (Support TEMS)
6- Cables
7- Inverter
‫كدا‬ ‫وبعد‬ ‫الفيروسات‬ ‫نشيل‬ ‫وطبعا‬ ‫جديد‬ ‫ويندوز‬ ‫وننزل‬ ‫الالب‬ ‫هنظبط‬ ‫شباب‬ ‫يا‬ ‫هنعملها‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫اول‬
‫ال‬ ‫نسطب‬
(
TEMS
)
‫الموبيالت‬ ‫ونوصل‬ ‫هنستخدمها‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫الموبايالت‬ ‫ونعرف‬
‫ونحمل‬ ‫الدنيا‬ ‫ونظبط‬
‫ال‬
(Cell file)
‫بعد‬ ‫فيما‬ ‫بالتفصيل‬ ‫هنوضحه‬ ‫ده‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫وطبعا‬
.

15
َ‫ًدىٌقت‬
‫ياشثاب‬ َ‫تق‬
‫اه‬ ‫شرح‬ َ‫ف‬ ‫ىنثدأ‬
TEMS
‫ىو‬ ً‫اىعا‬ ‫اىَنظر‬ ‫ًده‬
TEMS
‫بال‬ ‫خاص‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫عارفين‬ ‫شباب‬ ‫يا‬ ‫طبعا‬
2G
‫بال‬ ‫خاص‬ ‫وجزء‬
3G
‫ال‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫وطبعا‬
2G
‫بيه‬ ‫هنبدأ‬ ‫واالهم‬ ‫االساس‬ ‫هوا‬
.

16
1- GSM serving + Neighbors
Serving cell
Neighbor cells
Cell Name: Name of the serving cell and neighbor cells
BSIC: Base Station Identity Code
BSIC = NCC (Network color code [0 >7]) + BCC (Base Station Color Code [0 > 7]).
ARFCN: Absolute Radio Frequency Number >> BCCH Carrier of the cell
‫بانك‬ ٗ‫خهه‬
:
‫ال‬
ARFCN
‫التردد‬ ‫وليس‬ ‫التردد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بيعبر‬ ‫رقم‬
Ex: Freq 980.2 ---- ARFCN = 1
Freq 980.4 ---- ARFCN=2
Rx lev: Received signal strength - signal strength measured by the MS (dbm).

17
Ranges (Legend):
C1: Cell selection quantity
‫وال‬
C1
‫هي‬ ‫هوا‬ ‫يعرف‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫بيحسبها‬ ‫الموبايل‬ ‫دى‬
Select
‫اى‬ ‫على‬
Cell
C1 = (Received SS - ACCmin)-max (CCHPWR – P, 0).
ACCmin: (Access minimum) Minimum allowed Received DL SS at the MS to access the
network.
CCHPWR: (Common channel power) Maximum allowed power by the MS in the
Uplink.
P: Maximum output power by the MS according to its class
:
ACCmin, CCHPWR are parameters sent to the MS at the BCCH.
C2: Cell reselection quantity
‫ال‬ ‫وده‬
Parameter
‫هي‬ ‫هيقرر‬ ‫الموبايل‬ ‫طريقه‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اللى‬
‫ظل‬
‫ال‬ ‫على‬
Serving cell
‫هي‬ ‫أو‬
:
Reselect to another cell
C2 = C1 ± CRO
CRO: Cell Reselection Offset
Grade
Color
Ranges
Excellent
-10 > -65
Very good
-65 > -75
Good
-75 > -85
Accepted
-85 > -95
Bad
-95 > -115

18
‫ال‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫وعن‬
CRO
‫ال‬ ‫لبعض‬ ‫افضليه‬ ‫اعمل‬ ‫ممكن‬
Cells
‫االخر‬ ‫عن‬
‫ى‬
‫ال‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫وطبعا‬
C1 ,
C2
‫بس‬ ‫بسيطه‬ ‫فكره‬ ‫أديكو‬ ‫حبيت‬ ‫انا‬ ‫بس‬ ‫كدا‬ ‫من‬ ‫اكتر‬ ‫تفاصيل‬ ‫فيه‬
.
C31, C32: GPRS signal strength Threshold in both Packet idle and packet dedicated.
2-GSM Current Channel
Time: Computer system time
Cell Name: Serving cell name (from cell file)
CGI: Cell global identity [MCC , MNC , LAC , CI ] , Unique for each cell
MCC: Mobile Country Code (602 - Egypt)
MNC: Mobile network Code (01 > Mobinil, 02 > Vodafone, 03 > Etisalat)
LAC: Location Area code
CI: Cell Identity

19
Cell GPRS support: Yes or No
Band: 900 / 900E / 1800
BCCH ARFCN: The Frequency on which two time slots are used for control
(broadcast, Common channels and SDCCH), and the other TS’s for Traffic.
TCH ARFCN: The Frequency that carry Traffic only.
BCCH Carrier
TCH Carrier
BSIC: Base Station Identity Code
BSIC = NCC (Network color code [0 >7]) + BCC (Base Station Color Code [0 > 7]).
Mode: idle / dedicated
Time Slot: Current TCH of the carrier (0 > 7).
Channel Type: BCCH or TCH
EX: idle mode: BCCH
Call set up: SDCCH / SAACH
Dedicated mode: TCH / ACCH’s
:
‫لو‬
‫إ‬
‫كويس‬ ‫ده‬ ‫جاى‬ ‫الجزءاللى‬ ‫هتفهم‬ ‫مش‬ ‫األول‬ ‫فى‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫المراجعه‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫مذاكرتش‬ ‫نت‬
Channel mode: Coding mode (Speech full rate or half rate).
Channel Codec:
FR: Full rate
HR: Half rate
AMR: adaptive multi rate
T
T
T
T
T
T
C
C
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T

20
Ciphering Algorithm: A5/1 for example.
Sub Channel Number: SDCCH is divided into 8 sub channels (index of the used one).
Hopping Channel: Yes / No on the cell level.
Hopping Frequencies: Frequencies allocated in the hopping group.
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Number):
On which frequencies call will start.
EX: MAIO = 0 >>> Call will start on the first frequency
Hopping Sequence Number (HSN): Sequence of which MS hop on frequencies on
the same TS.
HSN: 0 > 63 0: Cyclic hopping sequence.
1 > 63: Random hopping sequence.
3-GSM Radio Parameters

21
Rx lev: Measured signal strength (-10 > -115)
Rx Qual: Voice quality (0 > 7) depend on BER (bit error rate)
Ranges (Legend):
Grade
Color
Ranges
Excellent
0 > 2
Good
2 > 4
Bad
4 > 6
Very bad
6 > 7
FER (Frame Erasure Rate): Percentage of frames being dropped
BER actual: (Number of bit errors / Number of bit transmitted)
SQI: Speech Quality Index
Ranges (Legend):
MS Power control level: Power control (0 > 8) depend on network design.
DTX: Discontinuous Transmission.
Grade
Color
Ranges
Very bad
-20 > 0
Bad
0 > 9
Good
9 > 18
Excellent
18 > 30

22
TA: Timing advance (0 > 63)
Enable MS to advance its transmission to compensate the propagation delay
0: 500m
1: 1 K , and so on.
4-GSM Hopping Channels
ARFCN: Traffic carriers.
Rx Lev: measured signal strength of each carrier.
C/I: Carrier to Interference ration
Interference: Co-Channel or Adjacent interference
Ranges (Legend):
Grade
Color
Ranges
Very bad
0 > 9
Accepted
9 > 15
Good
15 > 30
Interference >>>> bad C/I >>>> Bad Rx qual >>>> Bad SQI.

23
1-WCDMA Serving / Active set + Neighbors
Type:
SC: idle mode
AS: dedicated mode
MN: Monitoring neighbor.
DN: Detected neighbor.
‫ال‬ ٍ‫بي‬ ‫انفرق‬ ّ‫إي‬ ‫بس‬
MN , DN
‫؟؟؟‬
‫جدا‬ ‫بسيط‬ ‫الموضوع‬
.
‫ال‬
cell
‫شايفها‬ ‫انا‬ ‫اللى‬
MN
‫ك‬ ‫لى‬ ‫متعرفه‬ ‫تبقى‬
Neighbor
‫ممكن‬ ‫يعنى‬
‫لها‬ ‫اعمل‬
Hand over
‫إل‬ ‫اما‬
Cell
‫شايفها‬ ‫انا‬ ‫اللى‬
DN
‫لها‬ ‫اعمل‬ ‫مقدرش‬ ‫يعنى‬ ‫ليا‬ ‫متعرفه‬ ‫مش‬
hand over

24
Cell Name: Name of cells according to loaded cell file.
SC (Scrambling code): Each cell in the network is assigned a Primary Scrambling
Code. (Integer value 0-511)
It is important to avoid CO-UARFCN CO-Scrambling Code use in the same geographic
area. However, if there are more than 512 cells in use, Scrambling Codes must be
reused very carefully.
UARFCN: (UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number), where UTRA stands
for UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access where UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telephony
System.
These are used to identify frequencies in the UMTS frequency bands.
CPICH RSCP: Common Pilot Channel Received Signal Code Power
Received power (dbm) of common pilot channel
Ranges (Legend):
Ec/No: The Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) received Energy per Chip (Ec) to
Noise (No) ratio.
Used to measure the received quality of the Primary Common Pilot Channel
(CPICH).
Ranges (Legend):
Grade
Color
Ranges
Excellent
-10 > -65
Very good
-65 > -75
Good
-75 > -85
Accepted
-85 > -95
Bad
-95 > -135
Grade
Color
Ranges
Excellent
0 > - 8
Very good
-8 > -10
Accepted
-10 > -12
Bad
-12 > -14
Very bad
-14 > -24

25
2- HSDPA analysis :
HS session: Active or no (Only active during HSDPA connection)
HS serving cell: Scrambling code of serving cell.
CQI: Channel quality index
‫وال‬
CQI
‫ال‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بتعبر‬
Radio conditions
‫وال‬
HSDPA
‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫اساسا‬ ‫يعتمد‬
CQI

26
Relationship among the CQI reported by UE, pilot Ec/Io, and throughput rate:
‫تين‬ ‫اىفرق‬ ‫ايو‬ ‫؟‬ ‫تاىل‬ َ‫خيي‬
Ec/No , Ec/Io
‫؟؟؟؟‬
No: Noise power (thermal noise, interference, external …………)
Io: Interference noise only (Not practical).
DSCH throughput: Throughput by Kb/s
Or by DU Meter software
‫ال‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫خلصنا‬ ‫نكون‬ ‫شباب‬ ‫يا‬ ‫وبكدا‬
Windows
‫ال‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المهمه‬
2G , 3G
‫ولكن‬
‫بعض‬ ‫يوجد‬
‫ال‬
windows
‫زى‬ ‫ايضا‬ ‫بنحتاجها‬ ‫اللى‬
:
Events:
9 > CQI 15 > CQI ≥ 9 CQI ≥ 15
Subscribers' feeling Poor Fair Good
throughput rate at MAC-
HS layer for single
subscriber
0–320 kpbs 320 kbps to1.39 Mbps > 1.39 Mbps
Ec/Io > –15dB –15dB to –9dB ≥ – 9dB

27
It includes events such as: Call attempt, call established, call end, handover,
dropped call, and blocked call ……………
Layer 3 messages:
It includes Uplink and Down link messages between the MS and the Network.

28
‫يسأه‬ ‫ًاحد‬ َ‫دىٌقت‬ ‫ٍَنن‬
: ........
‫اه‬ ‫تجية‬ ٍ‫إزا‬
Windows
‫مييا‬ ٍ‫د‬ ‫عيييا‬ ‫قينا‬ َ‫اىي‬
...
‫؟؟؟؟‬
‫جدا‬ ‫بسيط‬ ‫الموضوع‬ ‫هنقوله‬
:
‫من‬
presentation
‫يامعلم‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫وإتعامل‬
.

29
‫ال‬ ‫يع‬ ‫َتعايم‬ ٖ‫إزا‬ ‫َتعهى‬ ٍ‫عايسي‬ ٗ‫بق‬ ٗ‫ٔدنٕقت‬
MAP
.
‫؟؟؟‬
Map
‫ال‬
MAP
‫ال‬ ‫وعليها‬ ‫كالم‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ما‬ ‫حد‬ ‫الى‬ ‫خريطه‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عباره‬ ‫بساطه‬ ‫بكل‬ ‫ياشباب‬
Cell file
‫عنه‬ ‫هنتكلم‬ ‫وده‬
‫شويه‬ ‫بردو‬ ‫وعليها‬ ‫شويه‬ ‫كمان‬
Layers
‫ال‬ ‫زى‬
Pinpoint layer
‫ال‬ ‫و‬
coverage layer
‫و‬
..........
ٗ‫األت‬ ‫ُْعًم‬ ِ‫د‬ ‫نهًُظر‬ ‫َٕصم‬ ٌ‫ٔعشا‬
:
1- Make Geoset map
2- Load Geoset on Map
3- Load cell file

30

31

32
ٔ‫ا‬ ِ‫صٕر‬ ‫اضع‬ ٌ‫ٔعشا‬
tab file
::
‫اضيف‬ ٌ‫ٔعشا‬
Layer
‫احسف‬ ٔ‫ا‬
Layer
::

33
‫ال‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫وعن‬
Theme setting
‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫اظهر‬ ‫عايز‬ ‫انا‬ ‫اتحكم‬ ‫ممكن‬
Map
,
‫ال‬
Rxlev or Rxqual
or RSCP or Ec/No
‫ال‬ ‫الوان‬ ‫فى‬ ‫اتحكم‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫وكمان‬
Cells
‫وال‬
Cell line
‫وهكذا‬
...........
‫يسأل‬ ‫ٔاحد‬ ٍ‫يًك‬ ٗ‫ٔدنٕقت‬
........
:
‫اه‬ ‫ايو‬
Cell file
‫ىو‬ ‫اعَو‬ ٍ‫ًازا‬ ‫ده‬
Load
‫اه‬ َ‫عي‬
TEMS
..
‫؟؟؟‬
‫ياعم‬ ‫البساطه‬ ‫منتهى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الموضوع‬
....
‫ال‬
Cell file
‫عن‬ ‫عباره‬ ‫ده‬
Sheet
‫ال‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫كل‬ ‫فيه‬
Sites
‫ال‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫زى‬
Cell name , CI , ARFCN , Lon , Lat , Azimuth , Beam width , BSIC
....................

34
:
‫اول‬
ROW
‫ال‬ ‫فى‬
cell file
‫ال‬ ‫يخللى‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫هوا‬
TEMS
‫يقرأه‬
.

35
‫ال‬ ‫احًم‬ ٖ‫ٔازا‬ ‫طيب‬
Cell file
‫ال‬ ٗ‫عه‬
TEMS
......
‫؟؟؟؟؟‬
Configuration >>> General >>> Cell file load
‫كل‬ ‫وظيفه‬ ‫عرفنا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وبعد‬
Window
‫ال‬ ‫َجٓس‬ ٖ‫ازا‬
TEMS
‫نهشغم‬
......
‫؟؟؟؟؟‬
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫ان‬ ‫كدا‬ ‫يجيلك‬ ‫السواق‬ ‫ما‬ ‫بعد‬
(
‫طبعا‬ ‫شويه‬ ‫اتأخر‬ ‫وهيكون‬
)
‫ال‬ ‫وهتوصل‬ ‫بتاعك‬ ‫توب‬ ‫الالب‬ ‫هتشغل‬
‫موبايالت‬
(
‫بتشحن‬ ‫انها‬ ‫تتأكد‬ ‫والزم‬
)
‫وال‬
GPS
‫وال‬
Dongle
‫ال‬ ‫هتفتح‬ ‫كدا‬ ‫وبعد‬
TEMS
‫حاجه‬ ‫وأول‬
‫ال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تتأكد‬ ‫هتعملها‬
TEMS
‫موصلها‬ ‫انت‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫كل‬ ‫قارى‬
::

36
‫لهم‬ ‫اعمل‬ ‫كدا‬ ‫وبعد‬
Connect
:
‫أ‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وبعد‬
Connect
‫كدا‬ ‫المنظر‬ ‫هيكون‬
:

37
‫وال‬ ‫الموبايالت‬ ‫وصلت‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وبعد‬
GPS
‫هسجل‬ ‫تمام‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫وكل‬
Log file
‫طبعا‬
:

38
‫نقول‬ ‫عايزين‬ ‫ودلوقتى‬
‫انتٕصيم‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫انًٕبايم‬ ‫خصائص‬ ٗ‫ف‬ ‫َتحكى‬ ٖ‫ازا‬
.
Equipment properties:
 RAT control (CAS system capability control):
 Normal
 2G
 3G

39
 Band control
 900
 900E
 1800
 Idle mode control (GSm cell selection control):
To lock on certain cell, lock on its BCCH

40
 Dedicated mode control (GSM HO control):
 WCDMA cell selection control

41
‫باشمهندس‬ ‫يا‬ ‫شغلك‬ ‫تبدأ‬ ‫تقدر‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫ودلوقتى‬
.
‫دلوقتى‬ ‫نفسك‬ ‫بتسأل‬ ‫انت‬ ‫طبعا‬
‫طيب؟؟‬ ّ‫ْعًه‬ ٗ‫انه‬ ‫انشغم‬ ّ‫اي‬
‫؟‬
‫؟‬
‫دلوقتى‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫هنتكلم‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫ده‬
Types of Drive test tasks:
1- Clusters
This test is mainly used to check network accessibility (Blocking) and retainability
(quality).
To check Accessibility: Short Calls (Using sequence control) (EX: 30 (call duration) ,
10 (duration between calls)).
‫ال‬ ‫بنعمل‬ ‫ازاى‬ ‫شويه‬ ‫كمان‬ ‫وهنعرف‬
Sequence
‫ده‬
.
To check Retainability: Long call (Don’t forget ending the call before the hour and
starting new Call).
Ex: Marina cluster

42
How to make Call sequence:
‫مثال‬ ‫يعمل‬ ‫الموبايل‬ ‫اخللى‬ ‫ازاى‬ ‫يعنى‬
100
‫مكالمه‬ ‫كل‬ ‫مكالمه‬
30
‫واالخرى‬ ‫مكالمه‬ ‫كل‬ ‫وبين‬ ‫ثانيه‬
10
‫ثوانى‬
....
‫؟؟؟؟؟‬
‫البساطه‬ ‫منتهى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الموضوع‬
........
Control >>> Command sequence >>> edit

43
Then you can adjust settings (call duration, Wait, MS), Then Press RUN.
-Main roads, Polygons and global coverage are the same concept.
2- New Site Acceptance
2G Acceptance DT procedures
– 2G macro sites follow one of the below mentioned templates:
• Three cells E, F, G with BCCHs on the 900 band and TCHs on the
900 and 1800 bands. (Concentric GSM)
• Six cells A, B, C with BCCHs and TCHs on the 1800 band and E, F,
G with BCCHs and TCHs on the 900 band. (Dual BCCH)
• In Idle mode, for all sectors the following are checked:
 Each sector is serving with satisfactory level in its expected service area.
 Cell reselection from site to neighbors.
 Cell reselection from neighbors to site.
 Cell reselection between site sectors in a clockwise and anti-clockwise
manner.
• In Dedicated mode, for all sectors the following are checked:
 Each sector is serving with satisfactory quality in its expected service
area.
 Cell handover from neighbors to site.
 Handover between site sectors in a clockwise and anti-clockwise
manner.
 Level difference between the hopping channels should not exceed 15
dbm, otherwise we have a hardware problem and faulty TRX should be
replaced.
• The following tests are also done for every cell in the site:
 10 voice calls with a duration of 10 seconds
• Blocked and dropped calls are reported
 An SMS sent and received
• To check SMS success
 Logging-on to the internet
• To check PDP (Packet Data Protocol)
• In dual BCCH site The same procedure is done on A, B and C cells, as well as
E, F and G cells.

44
3G Acceptance DT procedures
• In Idle mode, the following are checked:
 Each cell is serving with satisfactory level
 Cell reselection from site to neighbors
 Cell reselection from neighbors to site
• In Dedicated mode, the following are checked:
 Each cell is serving with satisfactory RSCP and Ec/No
 Soft handover between site and neighbors
• The following tests are also done for each sector.
 5 voice calls (60-30)
 2 terminating calls.
 3 video calls.
 An SMS sent and received to check SMS success.
 IRAT test (Hand over from 3G to 2G).
 Reselection from 2G to 3G.
 Logging-on to the internet
• To check PDP (3G-R99); throughput should exceed 350 Kbit/sec
• To check (3.5G-HSDPA); throughput should exceed1mbit/sec
(mobile used should support HSDPA)

45
3- Benchmarking
This test is done to compare the performance of each operator.
This test is done using 3 mobiles.
EX:

46
4- 2G Sites problems
a- Cross sector and cross feeder
‫ايه‬ ‫يعنى‬ ‫نقول‬ ‫ما‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ياشباب‬ ‫طبعا‬
Cross sector
‫او‬
cross feeder
‫نعرف‬ ‫الزم‬
‫ال‬
site
‫الطبيعى‬ ‫الوضع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫شكله‬
:
 Totally cross sector :
‫هيكون‬ ‫دى‬ ‫الحاله‬ ‫وفى‬
S1
‫مع‬ ‫متبدل‬ ‫كله‬
S2
‫مثال‬ ‫كله‬
:

47
‫الفيلد‬ ‫فى‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫واضح‬ ‫بيبقى‬ ‫وده‬
‫كل‬
Sector
‫هي‬
Serve
‫ال‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫فى‬
sector
‫التانى‬
(
GSM , DCS
)
.
 DCS cross sector :
‫ال‬ ‫هوا‬ ‫متبدل‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫دى‬ ‫الحاله‬ ‫وفى‬
DCS
‫فقط‬
.

48
EX:
In front of S2 GSM dedicated:
In front of S3 GSM dedicated:

49
‫ال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫شايف‬ ‫كدا‬ ‫انا‬
GSM
‫سليم‬
,
‫ال‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫نشوف‬
DCS
:
In front of S2 DCS dedicated:
‫وااااو‬
...
‫ال‬
DCS
‫مشكله‬ ‫فيه‬
.
‫وتقول‬ ‫متتسرعش‬ ‫؟؟‬ ‫هيا‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫بس‬
Hard ware problem
‫ال‬ ‫نشوف‬ ‫تعالو‬
Sector
‫التانى‬
.

50
In front of S3 DCS dedicated:
‫ال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫بالكو‬ ‫واخدين‬ ‫طبعا‬
DCS level
‫طبيعى‬ ‫مش‬
Sector
‫بردو‬ ‫ده‬
...
‫فيه‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫احتمال‬ ‫يبقى‬ ‫كدا‬
cross
‫ايه‬ ‫اعمل‬ ‫اتاكد‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫طيب‬
....
‫؟؟؟؟؟‬

51
In front of S2 locked on S3:

52
‫فى‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أتاكدنا‬ ‫وكدا‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫واضحه‬ ‫بقت‬ ‫كدا‬ ‫الدنيا‬ ‫طبعا‬
DCS cross sector
‫الكابينه‬ ‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫هنصلحه‬ ‫طبعا‬ ‫وده‬
.
 GSM cross sector :
EX:
‫ده‬ ‫اىَثاه‬ َ‫ف‬ ‫خاىص‬ ٌ‫ىتني‬ ‫ٍش‬ ‫انا‬
.
‫ىٌاحدك‬ ‫تفنر‬ ‫انت‬ ‫عاًزك‬
.

53
In front of S2 GSM:
In front of S3 GSM:

54
‫فى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫واضح‬ ‫كدا‬ ‫طبعا‬
GSM Cross
‫ال‬ ‫نشوف‬ ‫وعشان‬
DCS
‫االتى‬ ‫هنعمل‬
:
In front of S2 locked on it DCS:
In front of S3 locked on it DCS:

55
‫ال‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫وبكدا‬
DCS
‫مكانه‬ ‫فى‬
,
‫ال‬ ‫يعنى‬
Cross
GSm
‫فقط‬
.
 Cross feeder :
‫كل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫عارفين‬ ‫احنا‬ ‫طبعا‬
Sector
‫فيه‬
2 feeders for GSM , 2 feeders for DCS
.
‫ممكن‬
‫مثال‬
Feeder
‫من‬
S1
‫مع‬ ‫يتبدل‬
Feeder
‫من‬
S2
‫وهكذا‬
.......
GSM cross feeder:

56
DCS cross feeder:
EX:
In front of S2 DCS:

57
In front of S3 DCS:
‫عندنا‬ ‫يبقى‬ ‫وبكدا‬
bad level freq in each sector
‫ال‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫يعنى‬
2 feeders
‫اللى‬
‫ال‬ ‫شايلين‬
2 frequencies
‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬ ‫متبدلين‬
,
‫االتى‬ ‫هنعمل‬ ‫نتأكد‬ ‫وعشان‬
:

58
‫توضيح‬ ‫محتاجه‬ ‫مش‬ ‫الصور‬ ‫طبعا‬
...
 3G cross sector: the same concept.

59
b- Bad quality
Rx qual is proportional to BER (Bit Error Rate), that affected by
interference.
There are two types of interference:
1- Co-Channel interference
2- Adjacent interference
 Interference is appeared in hopping channel window (C/I)
 C/I: Carrier to interference ratio.
 High Interference >>>> bad C/I >>>> Bad Rx qual >>>> Bad SQI
 If we have interfered frequency, we should change it by another one.
EX:
The frequencies 518, 531 are interfered (Bad C/I), so quality is bad.

60
Recommendations: change the two frequencies by non interfered frequencies.
‫جدا‬ ‫ًاضحو‬ ‫اىدنيا‬ ‫مدا‬ ‫اظن‬
.
c- Faulty DTRU
DTRU: Dual Transceiver Unit, Generate two frequencies.

61
EX:
Solution: replace the faulty DTRU by another one
:
ٗ‫ف‬ ٌ‫ا‬ ‫ياتقرر‬ ‫قبم‬
Faulty DTRU
‫يفيش‬ ٌ‫ا‬ ‫انألٔل‬ ‫تتأكد‬ ‫الزو‬
Cross feeder

62
d- Over shooting
It means that the cell serve at very long distance with good level
This area that the cell overshoots in it most probably have cells with Co-channel
or adjacent BCCH, so it will make interference that will result in bad quality.
EX:
e- Bad coverage
f- Dropped calls
The call may be dropped due to:
 Bad quality due to interference.
 Faulty TRX.
 Bad coverage.
 Transmission problem.

63
g- Blocked calls.
The call may be blocked due to:
 Cell congestion
 Bad quality due to interference.
 Faulty TRX.
 Bad coverage.
 Transmission problem.
 Long distance between MS and BTS (MAX TA = 63).
h- Hand Over failure.
HO failure means that MS fails to reach the target cell due to bad
quality or bad coverage or congestion, so it return to the old cell.
5- 3G sites problems
a- Cross sector : the same concept of 2G cross sector
b- Bad coverage.
c- Pilot pollution.
Presence of more than pilot of approximately equivalent signal strength
covers an area without primary pilot that result in bad Eq/No, that may
make dropping in call, and also result in low capacity.
Recommendations:
 Down tilt the antennas of the surrounding sites to decrease the
Interference caused by them to have dominant cell.
 Increase the power of one of them or decrease power of surrounding
cells.
 Adjust the antenna azimuth.
d- Missing neighbors.
Existence of DN neighbor with high RSCP without adding it to AS list that
result in bad Eq/No.

64
EX:
e- Overshooting.
Finding a high DN but far from the detection area.
f- Drooped calls.
The call may drop due to:
 Pilot pollution
 Bad coverage (Low RSCP)
 Bad quality (Eq/No)
 Missing neighbor
 Over shooting
 Downlink interference
 Uplink interference
 Unidirectional missing neighbor
 Transmission problem
g- Blocked calls.
The call may block due to:
 Cell congestion
 Uplink interference
 Bad Eq/No
 Hardware problem
 Transmission problem

65
h- IRAT (HO from 3G to 2G) failure.
The RSCP is decreased under the IRAT threshold, no IRAT done, that
result in dropping the call.
IRAT failure happen due to missing 2G neighbors
‫ربنا‬ ‫بشكر‬ ‫الختام‬ ‫وفى‬
‫طبعاإ‬
‫دى‬ ‫البسيطه‬ ‫المذكره‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫وفقنى‬ ‫نه‬
,
‫عن‬ ‫طبعا‬ ‫وبعتذر‬
‫الملل‬ ‫وعدم‬ ‫التبسيط‬ ‫قصدى‬ ‫كل‬ ‫انا‬ ‫بس‬ ‫العاميه‬ ‫االلفاظ‬ ‫استخدام‬
.
‫اعمل‬ ‫نفسى‬ ‫وكان‬
‫الوقت‬ ‫لضيق‬ ‫معذره‬ ‫بس‬ ‫بكتير‬ ‫كدا‬ ‫من‬ ‫احسن‬ ‫حاجه‬
‫اى‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يستفسر‬ ‫عايز‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫وطبعا‬
‫الخدمه‬ ‫فى‬ ‫انا‬ ‫حاجه‬
.
ٗ‫االت‬ ّ‫في‬ ‫ْشرح‬ ‫انقادو‬ ‫انجسء‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫شاء‬ ٌ‫ٔا‬
:
Map info
ACTIX
Problems analysis
Reporting and post processing
‫اهلل‬ ‫شاء‬ ٌ‫ا‬ ‫يشرق‬ ‫بًستقبم‬ ‫نكى‬ ٗ‫تًُيات‬
E
E
EN
N
NG
G
G:
:
: A
A
Ah
h
hm
m
me
e
ed
d
d O
O
Om
m
ma
a
ar
r
r A
A
Ab
b
bd
d
d E
E
El
l
l-
-
-B
B
Ba
a
ad
d
de
e
ea
a
a M
M
Mo
o
oh
h
ha
a
am
m
me
e
ed
d
d
R
R
RF
F
F e
e
en
n
ng
g
gi
i
in
n
ne
e
ee
e
er
r
r -
-
- A
A
AC
C
CT
T
TE
E
EL
L
L c
c
co
o
om
m
mm
m
mu
u
un
n
ni
i
ic
c
ca
a
at
t
ti
i
io
o
on
n
ns
s
s
A
A
Ah
h
hm
m
me
e
ed
d
do
o
om
m
ma
a
ar
r
r_
_
_8
8
87
7
7@
@
@y
y
ya
a
ah
h
ho
o
oo
o
o.
..c
c
co
o
om
m
m
0
0
01
1
10
0
08
8
84
4
43
3
30
0
09
9
91
1
19
9
9

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