30420130403002

International Journal of Industrial Engineering Research and Development (IJIERD), ISSN 0976 –
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
6979(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6987(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, September - December (2013), © IAEME
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJIERD)

ISSN 0976 – 6979 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6987 (Online)
Volume 4, Issue 3, September - December (2013), pp. 13-29
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijierd.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.1283 (Calculated by GISI)
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IJIERD
©IAEME

APPLICATION OF GREEN SIGMA TO BUILD ENERGY EFFICIENT
LIGHTING SYSTEM AND REDUCE CARBON FOOTPRINT AT GAS
POWER STATION USING LIGHTING ANALYSIS SOFTWARE –
TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
Mrs. Devibala.B1, Dr. G. Karuppusami2, Mr. Rajalingam.P3 and Mr. Sujit Kumar Jha4
1

Part time PhD Scholar (Mechanical), Karpagam University, Coimbatore,
Dean-Research and Innovations-Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore,
3
Faculty, Engineering Department, Ibra College of Technology, Sultanate of Oman,
4
Faculty, Engineering Department, Ibra College of Technology, Sultanate of Oman,
2

ABSTRACT
The concept of green sigma is the latest trendsetter which encompasses the important
strategies of six and lean sigma together under one roof. This paper explains the concept of
green sigma initially, then feasibility of applying this model in a power station was
thoroughly analyzed and applied to replace the existing fluorescent lighting system of the
power plant with LED lightings and valid proofs in terms energy savings were generated to
substantiate LED. The methodology employed were the five steps of green sigma modified
suitably to study, analyze and generate results on the lighting system. A complete LED
lighting design was developed for 12 rooms in the administration block of the power station
(indoors) and the benefits derived by implementing LEDs daylight was simulated and
optimized using DIALUX lighting software in terms of energy savings, wattage savings,
reduced carbon dioxide footprint, and other potential environmental benefits such as mercury
savings were calculated and statistical results were generated for each room of the
administration block. The analysis resulted in potential energy savings and carbon reduction
to the tune of 50%due to revised lighting system.
Keywords: Carbon foot-print, Dialux, Energy savings, Green sigma, LED lighting.

13


I. INTRODUCTION
With the public’s growing environmental awareness all the consumers, regulators,
industries and shareholders are switching over to “greener” options. A growing number of
companies work to become more environmentally sustainable (Deloitte 2008). Environmental
issues have challenged our self awareness and sparked a global initiative to respond to critical
issues such as Global warming, Global climate change, Green house gases, resource scarcity,
environmental risk and carbon footprint (Eric 2010). Carbon footprint is the amount of Green
house gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide emissions emitted by a building,
organization etc. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases we are producing in our day-today lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating, transportation etc .Every gram
of mercury and carbon dioxide released into the air places an unknown future cost on the
national economy.
Different types of studies done on energy savings and lighting analysis were
surveyed. Energy conservation measures were proposed to reduce the energy intensity by
6.43% in a paper based industry (Saidur et al. 2012). A Meta analysis of average lighting
energy savings potential using various lighting controls has been researched. (Alison et al.
2012). A case study on lighting systems of buildings was conducted to assess the potential
energy savings using cluster analysis method (Siriwarin et al. 2012). The calculation and
evaluation of energy losses associated with lighting systems and how to reduce the cost of
lighting through modifications in existing facilities is illustrated with realistic examples
(Durmus 2003). Lighting systems have the largest potential of any known appliance to reduce
United States energy use (Desroches and Garbesi 2011). An overview on the emissions and
risk of mercury from fluorescent light during production and disposal and measures for
reducing the risk is discussed (Yuanan and Hefa 2012). A method is proposed for estimating
the energy consumption and associated carbon emissions of a defined electrical lighting
configuration in an office building accounting for daylight contribution (David and Marcus
2007). A framework is proposed to define and use KPI to track the performance and measure
the success of an energy management plan (John 2005). A lot of work has been done in the
area of six sigma and lean sigma for years, hence it was time to evolve a new concept which
integrates the best of six and lean sigma with major focus aimed at conserving environment.
This idea was conceived and given the name as Green Sigma by the research and
development department of IBM Corporation, USA. The definition of green sigma as given
by IBM is “It is a methodology that enables transformation for environmental stewardship by
applying a proven process and incorporates newly developed robust analysis tools and
technology solutions” (Eric and Brady 2009). The DMAIC procedure followed in Six Sigma
was revised as DEMOC by IBM to suit the green sigma process, further a new methodology
DMAGC was evolved combining the benefits of DMAIC and DEMOC to suit the lighting
study project has been shown in Figure 1.

14


Fig. 1 DMAGC STEPS Integration of DMAIC and DEMOC
STEPSA natural gas power station was selected for analysis and implementation of the green
tation
sigma concept. A detailed study of the power station was done for two weeks through
personal interaction with employees at different levels, a total orientation through seminars
and video presentations were given by the company. A tour was made into the plant except
sentations
for restricted areas. The study revealed that the plants environmental and Quality objectives
are focused on system effectiveness and performance enhancement through continual
improvement programs. The power station achieved accreditation to ISO 9001:2000 for its
ovement
Quality Management system and ISO 140001:1996 for its Environmental Management
Systems and OHSAS 18001 for Health and Safety. After conducting a detailed study of all
activities it was found that the lighting system used in the power station needs an up
ities
gradation to LED system, which will reap huge benefits in terms of energy, CO2 and mercury
savings. A data sheet was prepared for each room to collect all the parameters requ
required to
carry out the software analysis of the lighting system. The software was useful in preparing
3D models of each room and generating results. The study was restricted to the
administration block of the power station, as the data and calculations involved for the whole
involved
station is massive. Hence it was decided to concentrate on one block and later the study may
be extended to other blocks of the power station.

15


1.1 Overview of LED Benefits over Fluorescent
A LED lamp is a solid state lamp that uses light emitting diodes as the source of light.
LEDs have gained admirable popularity over its other counterparts due to the following
reasons:

• Long-lasting – LED bulbs are not affected by frequent on/off cycling and hence last
up to 10 times longer than fluorescents. The lifetime indicated in the table1 for the
chosen luminaries stands as an example to prove this point.
• Durable – They are not damaged by jarring and bumping as there are no glass tubes to
break, the internal parts are rigidly supported, making them resistant to vibration and
impact.
• Cool light – LEDs prevent heat build-up, thereby helping to reduce air conditioning
costs at home/office.
• Mercury-free – LED are RoHs compliant and no mercury is used in the
manufacturing of LEDs which is toxic and proved to be a dangerous threat to life and
environment.
• Efficient – LED can emit more light per watt. A 9-13 watt fluorescent tube gives a
light output of 450 lumens which can be replaced by 4-5 watt LED. It turns on
instantly, quick start without flicker without any time to warm up.
• Energy efficient – The LED tube gives an energy savings of up to 40% when
compared to conventional TL-D luminaries, thereby reducing green house gas
emissions. An 8 watt LED can reduce carbon emissions by 56% when compared to 14
watt CFL.
• Cost-effective – LEDs are initially expensive but the investment cost is recouped over
time in the form of energy cost, maintenance cost, replacement and most important
environmental cost which is not accounted normally.
• Wider applications – LEDs are insensitive to low temperatures and humidity, hence
find applications in freezer case lighting. Being compact they can be integrated within
smart cameras and vision sensors. The low power requirement for LEDs makes it
compatible with solar panels. LED light bulbs are also ideal for use with small portable
generators and so on the list continues.
Just as a coin has two sides even LEDs have their own demerits such as temperature
dependence, voltage sensitivity, blue pollution and high price of the product. It’s also true
that its merits outweigh the demerits, giving it a back seat. The fact that LED is expensive is
true but it’s also anticipated that future will bring affordable LED lights to market as
component prices are coming down every year.
1.2 About the Power Station
The Al Kamil Power Company (AKPC) is the first independent private sector power
plant located at Al-Kamil in the Sharqiya region of Sultanate of Oman providing 285 MW of
electricity into the northern 132 KV transmission grid started on 19th July 2003 has been
shown in Figure 2. The plant life is about 30 years, and as of date its just 9 years old, which
makes it clear that investment in lighting system would make a big impact for the remaining
life of the power station (21 years).

16


Fig. 2 Three Power Generating Units of Al Kamil Power Plant
The plant consists of GE frame 9E technology with DLN1 burners, a sophisticated
firing system which substantially reduces NOx gas production. Emissions of gases are
monitored on a continuous basis; records of NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbons are
maintained at the power station and also sent to the Ministry of Regional Municipality,
Environment and Water resources in line with the requirements of the environmental license.
The emissions from the plant are well within the limits laid down by the government.
II. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
At the onset, it’s important to define the aims and objectives of the task at hand. The
power station was chosen as target for study as it was felt that the energy generating sector
must also set an example to other industries by being energy saving sector. With fuel and
energy costs on the rise, reducing the use of electricity, natural gas, diesel fuel and other
energy sources is both good business and a laudable environmental act.
The investigation revealed that though the plant is compliant to the environmental
norms of the country, still it has scope for improvement. The energy charges of the plant
include fuel cost, variable operating cost of generation and start up charge, of which our
concern is to reduce the operating cost of generation. Of the 285 MW generated by the plant,
approximately 4 MW (17%) of energy is being consumed to meet the auxiliary power
requirements to run the plant, of which lighting consumes nearly 2.85 MW (1%).
Good lighting serves a myriad of functions. Lighting is one area which is often
overlooked but has a lot of scope in terms of energy savings, emission reduction and longer
life with increase in efficiency and less pollution. The power consumption by the industrial
lighting varies between 2 to 10% of the total power depending upon the type of industry
(BEE-Government of India 2005). The current lighting system was installed in the year 2003
while the plant started its operation. The company has verified the lux values of existing
lighting system in the year 2008, and made a record of it. Now it’s 2013, almost 5 years have
17


passed since last verification. Its well known fact that lighting efficiency (light output per unit
level of input) lumens/watt decreases with time, hence its evident that lighting study and
findings would prove useful to the power station. The objective of the work was to suggest a
suitable and modern lighting system which will reduce the carbon footprint of the power
station, calculate the energy savings taking into account daylight factor, mercury savings,
improved life time thereby reducing the replacement interval, less number of tubes required
to give the same light output (lumens/watt), less load on the air conditioner due to less
dissipation of heat energy and provide the justification on adopting LED lighting system. The
administration block of the power station was chosen for study which consists of 12 rooms.
The study was done for rooms excluding furniture and any kind of decoration objects.
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The five steps of green sigma DMAGC were applied to study and analyze the lighting
system of the administration block of the power plant.
a. Define Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
b. Measure the inputs
c. Analysis using software
d. Generate optimum results
e. Control of performance
3.1 Define KPIs
When assessing the opportunities for improvement presented by an existing lighting
system, the first step is to define the Key performance indicators. KPIs define a set of values
used to measure against. They are quantifiable measurements that reflect the critical success
factors of an organization, differing based on type of organization. For example:
• Any business or trade may have as one of its Key Performance Indicators the
percentage of its profit that is earned from its customers.
• A college may focus its Key Performance Indicators on the percentage of successful
outgoing graduates.
• A Key Performance Indicator for a service sector might be number of clients
assisted during the year.
The Key Performance Indicators for lighting system was identified as Energy savings,
Wattage savings, Carbon dioxide savings and Mercury savings. The main emphasis was
placed on the impact made on environment while selecting KPIs as that is the pedestal of the
study.
3.2 Establish Measurement Systems
The second step is to measure how effectively the existing levels and characteristics
serve their function. The data was collected on the current lighting system (Brand-Philips,
specification-TL-D18W/54-765) in the administration block. Initially the software was
explored thoroughly to identify the input data required to measure the existing system. Then
the data sheet was prepared as presented in Table 1a and 1b. It gives the complete details of
the input parameters collected for lighting design and energy analysis for each room. The
data was individually fed for each of the 12 rooms and a total of 24 simulation results were
generated for fluorescent and LED system.

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Table 1a Data Sheet for Lighting
1

General

2

Room
Dimensions

Name of the Block
Name of the Room
Room Dimension
Length
Work Plane
Room Form

3

Wall Zone
Rectangular
Ceiling

Room
Surfaces

Width

Height

Light Loss Factor (From 0.1 - Height
1.0)
L - Shaped
Polygonal
Walls (Wall 1, Wall 2, Wall 3, Floor
and Wall 4 )

Reflection
Material
Color
( OR )
Standards

4

Related Room

5

Alignment

6

Quantity

7

Mounting
Height

8

Luminaire
Selection

70 / 50 / 20
70 / 30 / 20
50 / 50 / 20
50 / 30 / 20
30 / 50 / 20
30 / 10 / 20
All Inclusive
Reference Values Very Clean Room, Low Years usage
Clean Room, 3 - Year maintenance Cycle
Exterior Installation, 3 - Years Maintenance
Cycle
Interior or Exterior Installation, High
Pollution
Extended
(EN Ambient
Very Clean
12464)
Conditions
Normal
Polluted
Maintenance
Semi - annually
Interval
Annually
Every 1.5 years
Every 2.0 years
Every 2.5 years
Every 3.0 years
North Alignment
Deviation of north from the y - axis (Clock wise)
Eavg ( Fc )
Rows
Luminaires per Row
Luminaire alignment Lengthways
Continuous Rows
Across
in the room
Starting
Point X1
Y1
Dx
and End Point
X2
Y2
Dy
Surface Mount
User Defined
Company Name

Suspension height Mounting Height
Model
Specification

19

Height
Make


Table 1b Data Sheet for Energy Evaluation
Sl.No General Options
1

Window
(Daylight Properties)

Name of the Block
Name of the Room
Degree
of Typical Glass Material
Transmission
Window glass
Wired glass
Milk glass
Frosted glass
Acrylic glass (Colorless)
Acrylic glass (White)
Solar Control glass
Pollution factor
Typical Environment (Pollution)
Rural area (Low)
Rural area (High)
Residential area (Low)
Residential area (High)
Industrial area (Low)
Industrial area (High)
Framing factor
Wooden window ( to open)
Wooden window ( fixed)
Plastic window (to open)
Plastic window (fixed)
Metal window (to open)
Metal window (fixed)
Roof light with bar
Doom light
Energy Evaluation Obstruction Angle
(Obstruction Index)
Horizontal Overhang Angle
Vertical Fin Angle
Atrium
Courtyard
Glazed Double Façade
Roof lights
Shed Roof
Height Light Shaft (m)
Slope Angle Light Shaft
Doors
No. of doors
Position - distance from left
Size - height x width, material
Window
No. of window
Position
Size/dimensions Height x Width
Material
Distance from left
Sloping roof
Angle & height

20


3.3 Analyze using Software
The lighting software DIALUX, latest version 4.10 was used to compare the results of
LED lamps with existing fluorescent tubes. The software uses two standards EN15193
(European) and DIN 18599 (Germany) to compute energy requirements of lighting. The
European standards were used for the analysis.
3.3.1 DIALUX 4.10 software
Many lighting software are available in market supplied by various light brands and
companies. Keeping the objectives in mind the search was narrowed down to DIALUX
lighting software. The first version of the software was introduced in the year 2000 by a
German based company DIAL. It is complete lighting calculation software for professional
light planning supporting 26 different languages. It enables planning with the luminaries of
the world’s leading lighting manufacturers (137 dialux partners share data) and thus has the
greatest possible freedom in the design process, also continuously being developed by a
dedicated team. The software supports international database from Philips lamps plug-in
which is used to select the required luminaire configuration including all photometric data
and 3D models suitable for visualization, also user can include the lighting design data for an
energy evaluation project. Hence it was decided to use Dialux for lighting analysis.
3.3.2 Selection of LED tube from plug-ins (luminaire data)
The first task was to select an appropriate LED replacement for existing setup in the
plant. Though a wide range of LED tubes are available, restrictions were present in the form
of dimension of LED tube, wattage, availability in the database and functional properties. The
plant has chosen LED24T8SM series LED tube manufactured by LEDTRONICS, a US based
company and installed around 10 tubes for trial purpose. With this knowledge an extensive
search was conducted in different catalogues available in the software and the following two
were selected from Philips plug-ins database for analysis, which are close to the
specifications of existing fluorescent lighting. The details are presented in Table 2.

Type

Table 2 Specification Details
Existing
Used in software

Fluorescent
tube

Philips-TL-D18W/54-765

Philips Centura2
TCS1604xTL-D18W HFPC3
Lifetime: 16,000-20,000hrs
Dimensions-0.62x0.62x0.082

LED tube

Ledtronics-LED24T8SM
series

Philips
Coreline
recessed
RC122BW62L621xLED37S/840
Lifetime: 30,000-35,000hrs
Energy savings-40%
Dimensions-0.62x0.62x0.045

Each room of the administration block was independently analyzed for fluorescent
and LED lighting. There were 12 rooms; hence 24 results were generated in total. The

21


opening page of the software is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 showing the three important
work areas1. CAD window
2. Project Manager with inspector
3. The Guide

Fig. 3 Basic layout at starting and Control room 3D view

Fig. 4 Basic layout at starting and Control room 3D view
Each of these areas help to access certain software functions, edit objects, tree
structures (Project, color, luminaries, object and output).
The following parameters were given as input in the software:
Dimensions of the room-Length, width and height or instead the room x and y
coordinates can also be given. After creating the room; data in terms of maintenance plan,
reflection percentage of the walls, ceiling and floor of the room and the room alignment i.e.
deviation of north from Y axis (clockwise) is to be fed. The software has vast database to
choose from and insert windows, doors, furniture, columns, calculation surfaces, luminaries
etc. A model 3D view of control room with doors, windows and luminaries position are
shown in Figure 3 and 4. After giving the necessary inputs; the software generates outputs
based on our preference. Table 3 gives the list of standard lux values to be adopted for each
type of room. The standards are available in the software for different types of trades and
industry.
The initial analysis of the rooms with fluorescent lighting was performed based on the
input data procured from plant and standards lux values from table 3 were used while
planning the rooms with LED lighting which resulted in less number of luminaries keeping
the light output same.

22


S.no
1
2
3
4
5

Table 3 Standard lux values for power station
Interiors/Activities
Average illuminance
(lux)
Offices
500
Meeting and conference 300
rooms
Control room
300
Staffrooms and restrooms
100
Washrooms and toilets
100

Em

3.4 Generate the Optimum Results (Energy evaluation of lighting system)
3.4.1 Overview of CO2 emissions-Oman
emissions
The data collected by the United States Department of Energy's Carbon Dioxide
Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) for the United Nations considering the carbon dioxide
emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacture, but not emissions from
land use, land-use change and forestry in the year 2008 reveals that China tops the list of
use
countries by annual CO2 emissions which is 29,888,121 thousands of tons, India taking 4th
thousands
position emitting 1,742,698 thousand tons of CO2 and Oman taking 66th position with 45,749
metric tons of CO2. The CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million
metric tons) in Oman shown in Figure 5 reveals the emission trend over the past 37 years
eals
increasing from 0.01 in 1971 to 19.81 in 2008.
This statistics exposes the fact that the emissions are steadily ascending and it’s time
to take remedial steps to keep it under control to protect the people and environment of the
and
country.

Fig. 5 CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production (million metric tons)
3.4.2 Energy Directives
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It sets binding targets on 37
industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse (GHG)
emissions. Under the Kyoto protocol, Europe is committed seriously to reduce CO2
emissions. One instrument to achieve this is the directive 2002/91/EC “Energy Performance
2002/91/EC
of Buildings Directive “of the European Parliament and Council. The directive’s
requirements hold for both new and to be renovated buildings and for both residential and
non-residential buildings. Member states of the EU were committed to implement this
residential
committed
23


directive into national right. As a guideline the EU created a general framework for the
calculation of energy performances of buildings, which stated which aspects the calculation
methodology must at least include. These aspects are heating, ventilation, air- conditioning,
hot water supply and lighting.
To support the implementation of the directive in the EU member states, the European
committee for standardization CEN created a set of CEN standards. This set consists of more
than 30 parts, includes more than 40 standards and drafts and covers 5 CEN technical
committees. The part concerning lighting is EN 15193: “Energy performance of buildings
– Energy requirements for lighting“. This standard specifies the calculation methodology
for the evaluation of the amount of energy used for indoor lighting inside the building and
provides a numeric indicator for lighting energy requirements used for certification purposes.
3.4.3 Calculating energy used for lighting
Properties of the room and the project (geometry, obstruction, location and north
alignment) are automatically identified, analyzed and reused for energy evaluation by dialux.
The same holds for windows and roof lights. In particular day lit and non-day lit assessment
zones are determined automatically. The specific connected load is taken directly from the
planned luminaries in the room. Each energy evaluation room belongs to exactly one
utilization zone. Utilization zones cannot be created explicitly; they are generated during
creation of energy evaluation rooms. Each energy evaluation room has one or more
assessment zones. Each assessment zone is either completely supplied with daylight or not.
Figure 6 shows the screen shot of assessment zones in different colors to distinguish between
daylight supplied (yellow) and non-daylight supplied zones(violet).

Fig. 6 Display of assessment zones with daylight and without daylight
The assessment zones do not intersect one another and build up the complete area of
the room. These assessment zones can be displayed in 2D and 3D views of the associated
DIALux room. DIALux is complemented by the extensive support of daylight calculations.
Daylight scenes can be inserted in the project allowing the influence of day lighting the
interior and exterior scenes to be simply calculated. The different sky models (clear,
overcast, partially overcast), as well as the direct sunlight influences the calculation. The
location, time and alignment, as well as the daylight obstruction have been taken into
consideration in the energy calculations. The total estimated energy required in period t, by
the luminaries when operating and parasitic loads when the luminaries are not operating, in a
room or zone, shall be estimated by the equation:
24


Wt= W L,t + W P,t [KWhr] .........................................................(1)
An estimate of lighting energy required to fulfill illumination function and purpose in the
building in period t, is given by the equation:
W L,t = ∑{(Pnx Fc) x [(tDx Fox FD) + (tNx Fo)]}/1000 [KWhr].........................................(2)
Where
Pn- Total installed lighting power in the room/zone (W)
FC - Constant illuminance factor
tD- Day light time usage (hrs)
Fo- Occupancy dependency factor
FD - Daylight dependency factor
tN- Non day light time usage (hrs)
An estimate of parasitic energy required to provide charging energy for emergency lighting
and for stand by energy for lighting controls in the building in period t, is given by the
equation:
W P,t = ∑{{(Ppcx [ty – (tD +tN)]} + (Pemx tem)}/1000 [KWhr] ......................................(3)
Where
Ppc- Total installed parasitic power of the controls in the room/zone
ty- Standard year time (8760hrs)
tD- Day light time usage (hrs)
tN- Non day light time usage (hrs)
Pem- Total installed input charging power of the emergency lighting luminaries in the
room/zone
tem- Total emergency lighting charging
Total annual energy used for lighting:
W= W L + W P [KWhr/year]..................................................................(4)
The sum of annual lighting energy to fulfill illumination function (WL) and annual parasitic
energy for emergency lighting (WP) gives the total annual energy used for lighting (W).
Lighting energy numeric indicator (LENI) for building:
LENI = W/A [KWhr / (m2.year)] [21]
Where W- Total annual energy used for lighting [KWhr/year]
A - Total useful floor area of the building [m2]
3.5 Control performance
The last step is to ensure the effectiveness of the implemented system and assess them
periodically through routine maintenance plans suggested by the software and keep the
performance under control. Apart from routine maintenance, it’s suggested to measure the
lighting consumption using any one of the following methods to compare the theoretical and
real energy consumption, also use metering devices to obtain regular feedback on the
effectiveness of lighting controls.

25


a. Kilowatt hour meters can be installed on dedicated lighting circuits in the electrical
distribution.
b. Local power meters can be coupled to or integrated in the lighting controllers of a
lighting management system.
c. A lighting management system should be developed to calculate the local consumed
energy and make this information available to Building Management System.
d. A lighting management system should be developed to calculate the consumed energy
per building section and make this information available in an exportable format
[EN15193 standards, 2006].
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The DIALUX software produces a generous 70 pages output for each room. This
proves that the software takes care of every minute detail in the analysis. For research
purpose only the following important outputs were chosen: Project summary, Input protocol,
Maintenance plan, Luminaries part list, luminaries layout plan, photometric results, false
color rendering, 3D rendering, energy evaluations summary, Utilization zone and assessment
zone details. A sample of summary of energy evaluation output and photometric results
generated by software for control room using LED lighting is shown in Figure 7 and
Figure 8.

Fig. 7 Energy Evaluation results

Fig. 8 Photometric results
The generated output was tabulated to show the resulting energy difference for each
room of Administration block and all the results are presented numerically and graphically
for better understanding and comparison purpose. The Figure 9 depicts the energy savings
resulting from the two types of lighting. The bar height of each room is different due to room
size variations and number of luminaires used in each room is different. The total energy
consumed by fluorescent lighting is 16549.7 KWhr/annum, whereas for LED it is
8266.3KWhr/annum, thus resulting in tremendous energy savings of 50%. The Figure 10
depicts the savings in lamp wattage. LED is capable of giving the same light output as
26


fluorescent with lesser wattage tube, thereby increasing the system efficiency. The Figure 11
efficiency.
shows the most important outcome of the study, the main culprit of green house gas
emissions, carbon dioxide emissions is cut down by 50%. The number of hours of operation
per day and number of working days per year was used to compute the annual power
compute
consumption of each room per annum and CO2 emissions was calculated. Figure 12 shows
ure
0.826grams of mercury savings due to switching over to LED since mercury is not used in
the manufacture of LED as is the case with CFL and other lamps.. The requirement of
.
number of LED tubes required to replace has reduced by 30%. Of all the rooms the control
room shows huge savings in all charts due to the size and number of luminaries used in the
room.

f
Fig. 9 Energy savings in KWhr per annum for each room

Fig. 10 Total wattage savings per room

Fig. 11 Carbon offset due to LED

27


Fig. 10 Reduction in harmful mercury dosage
V. CONCLUSION
This is a step towards environmental stewardship improvement shown by a socially
responsible company, plus the carbon credits earned by the organization. Most important of
all is that results have been computed for one block of the power plant and when the studies
are extended to other blocks the results will have a bigger impact on energy and carbon
dioxide savings of the entire plant.
vings
The study of lighting system can further be extended to check the payback period and
return on investments as LED installation demands high initial investment. The cost analysis
investment.
of the new lighting system when included into the project would add more weight age to the
study. The study provides more scope for enhancement as the project benefits will increase
multifold by incorporating solar energy, dimmers, occupancy sensors, timers and other
controls which accentuate the energy savings to a higher level. Solar energy powered LED
savings
Street lights would prove to be very successful as the country experiences arid climate
throughout the year. Thus it can be said that innovation and technological advancements
along with appropriate standard software’s prove that there is tremendous scope to achieve
rd
energy savings in lighting area.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors sincerely thank the management of Al Kamil Power Plant, Oman for
permitting us to conduct the study. The authors would also like to extend their gratitude to all
the employees of the power plant for their kind support and cooperation and our special
thanks to Mr. SrinivasVadlamani Mr. Harshang Patel, Mr. Umesh, and Mr. Humaid.
Vadlamani,
,
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