Prajyot Sathe Frost & Sullivan

1. 1
UPCOMING
TRENDS IN
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
CHARGING
INFRASTRUCTURE
February 2023
Presented by : Prajyot Sathe
Designation : Research Manager,
Powertrain & Electric Vehicles
The Growth Pipeline™ Company
Powering clients to a future shaped by growth

2. 2
UPCOMING TRENDS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
KEY TRENDS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING MARKET
DEVELOPMENT OF EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
VOICE OF CUSTOMER – EV CHARGING
KEY CONCLUSIONS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
AGENDA

3. 3
KEY TRENDS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
CHARGING MARKET

4. 4
UPCOMING TRENDS IN E-MOBILITY INDUSTRY IN 2023
GLOBAL EMERGENCE
OF GIGAFACTORIES
CHARGING
INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT
NEXT GENERATION
BATTERY
TECHNOLOGY
WIRELESS BATTERY
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
TRANSITION TO
SILICON CARBIDE
(SiC) BASED POWER
ELECTRONICS
TRANSFORM INTO
A LOW-EMISSION
SOCIETY (DE-
CARBONIZATION)
SHIFT TO 800V
ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRIFICATION OF
FLEETS
FUTURE SUPPLY
CHAIN & RAW
MATERIAL
UNCERAINITIES

5. 5
Source: Frost & Sullivan
HIGH POWER/ ULTRA FAST
CHARGING
CHARGING DATA UTILIZATION V2G/ V2X /VPP
ISO 15118’S STANDARDS/
OCPP 2.0.1
EMERGING BUSINESS MODELS CLOUD-BASED EV CHARGE SYSTEMS
KEY TRENDS IN EV CHARGING MARKET
Encryption, Decryption, and Two-Way
Authentication
EV charging data and analytics AI based Energy trading to grid
350kW+ Charging Stations
Aggregators, CPOs and eMSPs Enhance and Monetise networks

6. 6
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING VALUE CHAIN
FUTURE TRENDS SUGGEST ADOPTION OF V2G SOLUTIONS, BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND ULTRAFAST CHARGING AS A MUST FOR CPO’S
FUTURE
TRENDS
MARKET
PLAYERS
CPO
ENERGY SERVICES
Energy Services for
POI owner
V2G Solutions
AGGREGATORS
BLOCKCHAIN
TECHNOLOGY
POI CPO ROAMING eMSP CUSTOMER
ULTRAFAST
CHARGING
CPO Connects Directly With
Customer
CPO-eMSP
Direct connection/ No roaming
fees
Energy Services for
end customer
USER MANAGEMENT
INTEROPERABILITY
SMART METERING
BASIC CHARGING
MANAGEMENT
OPEN CHARGE
PROTOCOL
CUSTOMISABLE
REPORTS
OPTIMIZED BILLING
AUTHORISATION
PROCESS
CHARGING POINT
MANAGEMENT
DYNAMIC LOAD
MANAGEMENT
REQUIRED
FEATURES ON
THE PLATFORM
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING VALUE CHAIN, 2023
Source: Frost & Sullivan

7. 7
DC Niche Operators
Energy Supply Charging Infrastructure Services
Motorway
Workplaces
Roadside &
Destinations
Home
Site Assessment System Design
Operation &
Management
Apps Roaming V2G
Storage
Generation
PPA
3-7
kW
7
–
50
kW
150
-
350
kW
Energy & Utilities
Vehicle OEMs
End-End Charging
Natives
Pure
Hardware
Providers
Pure
Software
Backend IT
Providers
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING VALUE CHAIN, 2023
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING VALUE CHAIN
THE COMPLEX NATURE OF THE CHARGING INDUSTRY MEANS STAKEHOLDERS ARE OPERATING ACROSS MULTIPLE ROLES
Source: Frost & Sullivan

8. 8
DEVELOPMENT OF EV CHARGING
INFRASTRUCTURE

9. 9
China USA
18,500
28,000
20,500
40,000
10,000
90,000 86,000
61,400
170,000
30,000
France Germany UK SouthKorea Japan
ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTS, KEY MARKETS, 2022
280,000
1.2 Million
52,500
177,000
1:5 1:3 1:3 1:4 1:3
CONNECTOR
Location : Connector
VEHICLES IN USE
13,869,033
VEHICLES IN USE
3,427,753
VEHICLES IN USE
CONNECTOR : EV CAR PARC
1:8 EVs
CONNECTOR : EV CAR PARC
1:19 EVs
2,252,753 1,631,457 608,406
1,124,405 466,065
1:5 EVs 1:3 EVs 1:3 EVs 1:4 EVs 1:3 EVs
LOCATION
GB/T TESLA TESLA
CHADEMO
CCS1 TESLA
CHADEMO
CCS2
EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
FRANCE HAS THE HIGHEST LOCATION TO CONNECTOR RATIO WHERE IN LOCATION 1 LOCATION THERE ARE 5 CONNECTORS. IN REST OF EUROPE THE AVERAGE IS
BETWEEN 3-4 CONNECTORS AVAILABLE AT A SINGLE LOCATION
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Location : Connector
1:3
Location : Connector
1:5

10. 10
CHARGE POINT TRENDS BY USE CASE & LOCATION -EUROPE
INSTALLATION IN PARKING SPACES IS MOSTLY PREFERRED BY OPERATORS FOR DESTINATION , CURB SIDE AND HIGHWAY CHARGING WHILE FUEL STATIONS ARE MOST
PREFERRED ON HIGHWAY
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000
Netherlands
France
Germany
UK
Italy
Highway Curb Destination+Innercity Unknown
Business Category: Highway Business Category: Destination Business Category: Curbside
#Charging Connectors: 31,110
Top 10 Locations:
15,453
6,604
1,364
955
842
822
750
614
408
303
Fuel
Parking
Hotel
Fast food
Restaurant
Supermarket
Mall
Park
Car dealership
Cafe
#Charging Connectors: 306,962
Top 10 Locations:
71,060
39,780
18,619
18,003
15,852
14,614
14,435
9,698
9,438
8,878
Parking
Park
Supermarket
Bus stop
Fuel
Restaurant
Hotel
Sports centre
Car dealership
Parking multistorey
#Charging Connectors: 111,058
Top 10 Locations:
64,696
15,997
6,478
2,706
2,300
2,238
1,725
1,373
1,280
1,195
Parking
School
Town hall
Community centre
Hospital
Kindergarten
Fire station
Park
Graveyard
University
34,052
61,382
89,639
115,057
85,853

11. 11
CHARGE POINT TRENDS BY USE CASE & LOCATION - USA
PUBLIC PARKING IS THE MOST PREFERRED DESTINATION FOR INSTALLATION OF BOTH AC AND DC CHARGING POINTS.
- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
California
New York
Florida
Texas
Massachusetts
Highway Curb Destination Other
Business Category: Highway
#Charging Connectors: 9,868
Top 10 Locations:
3,885
2,047
507
462
422
422
420
250
188
174
Fuel
Parking
Hotel
Restaurant
Mall
Fast food
Supermarket
Department store
Car dealership
Park
Business Category: Destination
#Charging Connectors: 92,811
Top 10 Locations:
32,906
10,623
9,513
5,876
3,701
2,827
2,678
2,417
1,722
1,699
Parking
Parking multistorey
Park
Hotel
Fuel
Restaurant
Car dealership
Bus stop
Supermarket
Fast food
Business Category: Curbside
#Charging Connectors: 21,665
Top 10 Locations:
9,258
3,416
1,466
1,362
575
518
472
470
446
435
Parking
Fuel
School
Supermarket
Department store
Fast food
Hotel
Restaurant
Parking multistorey
Mall
6,994
6,793
8,373
9,663
50,338

12. 12
CHARGE POINT TRENDS BY USE BY POWER – APAC (KEY MARKETS)
DC CHARGING STATIONS SHARE IS COMPARATIVELY HIGHER IN APAC COUNTRIES COMPARED TO EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
CHARGING POWER CHARGING POWER CHARGING POWER
CHINA SOUTH KOREA JAPAN
720,000
498,000
AC
DC
1,218
686,952
528,612
1,218
20 kW (Tesla HPWC)
< 22 kW GB/T AC (China)
22-60 kW GB/T DC
(China)
250 kW (Tesla SC)
141,000
26,556
AC
DC
126
6,866
134,987
26,453
103
20 kW (Tesla HPWC)
3,7-22 (44) kW (Type-2)
7,2-19,2 kW (Type-1)
50-350 kW (Chademo &
CCS)
250 kW (Tesla SC)
128
13,595
8,014
165
20 kW (Tesla HPWC)
7,2-19,2 kW (Type-1)
50-350 kW
(Chademo & CCS)
250 kW (Tesla SC)
18,900
11,100
AC
DC

13. 13
VOICE OF CUSTOMER – EV CHARGING

14. 14
BEV CHARGING – PLANNING, INFORMATION & SELECTION CRITERIA (BEV)
DETAILS
Base: Current owners of PHEV or BEV charging their EV (n=214). Weighted data
Q. Do you usually park and charge the electric vehicle in the same location every day?; Q. What information sources do you typically use when searching for charging stations?
Q. What is most important to you when choosing public charging stations?
1. In-vehicle navigation systems and other charging apps given equal relevance in terms of tools used for searching for charging, 34%.
2. OEMs and OEM charging apps were close followers as locations for seeking information about charging stations
3. Ease of use of charging location, charging cost and use-case (i.e. Power) the most critical elements
36%
34%
31%
23%
22%
21%
19%
12%
11%
11%
11%
6%
5%
Cost of charging
Charging Power
Ease of use
Queuing time…
Proximity to…
100% Green…
Safe…
Clean…
Booking…
Protected…
Other facilities
Is part of my…
None of above
34%
34%
31%
30%
20%
In-Vehicle navigation
system
Other Charging Apps
Car manufacturer
website
Car manufacturer
Charging App
Other website
35%
39%
26%
74% charge the BEV in
same location
(Always + Most of the time)
Park and charge the electric vehicle in same
location every day - BEV
Information source use for searching charging
stations - BEV
Most important when choosing public charging -
BEV
Yes,
always
Most of the
time
No, it varies by
situations
Cost of charging
Charging Power
Ease of use
Queuingtime/fastaccesstoanavailablechargingspot
Proximity to home/office
100% Green electricity guarantee
Safe environment
Clean environment
Booking option to avoid waiting
Protected from the elements
Other facilities
Is part of my charging subscription network
None of above

15. 15
PHEV CHARGING – PLANNING, INFORMATION & SELECTION CRITERIA (PHEV)
DETAILS
Base: Current owners of PHEV or BEV charging their EV (n=276). Weighted data
Q Do you usually park and charge the electric vehicle in the same location every day?; Q, What information sources do you typically use when searching for charging stations?
Q. What is most important to you when choosing public charging stations?
32%
27%
26%
25%
22%
22%
21%
19%
17%
14%
12%
10%
1%
Cost of charging
Charging Power
Proximity to…
Queuing time…
Clean…
100% Green…
Ease of use
Safe…
Booking…
Is part of my…
Protected…
Other facilities
None of above
42%
35%
25%
21%
23%
Car manufacturer
website
Car manufacturer
Charging App
Other Charging Apps
In-Vehicle navigation
system
Other website
25%
60%
14%
86% are charge the PHEV in
same location
(Always + Most of the time)
1. PHEV owners appear to rely more on the OEM information sources such as website and apps. The lower dependence on charging the vehicle compared to
BEV shows in the lower priority given to the vehicle and HMI third-party charging applications.
2. Proximity to home/office selected as more relevant compared to BEV drivers highlighting potentially greater need for convenience for these drivers compared
with BEV drivers. Generally broader distribution in responses seen for PHEV drivers vs BEV drivers.
Park and charge the electric vehicle in same
location every day - PHEV
Information source use for searching charging
stations - PHEV
Most important when choosing public charging -
PHEV
Yes,
always
Most of the
time
No, it varies by
situations
Cost of charging
Charging Power
Proximity to home/office
Queuingtime/fastaccesstoanavailablechargingspot
Clean environment
100% Green electricity guarantee
Ease of use
Safe environment
Booking option to avoid waiting
Is part of my charging subscription network
Protected from the elements
Other facilities
None of above

16. 16
KEY CONCLUSIONS

17. 17
KEY CONCLUSIONS
CONTACTLESS PAYMENTS, DATA SECURITY AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE ARE CORE FUNCTIONALITIES AND KEY AREAS OF FOCUS FOR CHARGE POINT OPERATORS (CPOS).
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET: UPCOMING TRENDS IN EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET, 2023
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Over 70% of the global EV manufacturers are considering ultra-fast charging (150-350kw) as an option in battery electric vehicles in next 5-7 years.
The rapid growth in EV sales in 2022, particularly in APAC, alerted global markets to the need for widespread charging infrastructure..
1
Advanced features such as accessing EV charging data and analytics, blockchain technology and suggestive charging pattern, will be available
and preferred by network operators in the next 3-5 years on charging network management/aggregator cloud platforms. This will determine
enhanced decision-making across the EV charging industry (especially for CPOs and eMSPs).
2
3
Until now it was unidirectional smart charging which is now being transformed to V2G in which the battery capacity can be utilised in much more
efficient way and V2X (Vehicle to home) in which the vehicle itself to the demand response.
4
Adoption of ISO 15118’s standards will ensure communication happens with encryption, decryption, and two-way authentication. Charge point
operators (CPOs) are working on establishing an interoperable and hardware agnostic management system to improve its user interface with
adoption of open charge point protocol (OCPP 2.0.1).
5
There are currently four type of business models in which it includes sales of hardware, cloud-based software services along with maintenance
contract. In terms of Ownership of assets in the network, emerging companies are adopting a business model that does not focus on owning any
type of charging stations.
6
Cloud based EV charging is being highly adopted by network operators due to its benefits such as response to imminent customer requirements
and technical advancements.

18. 18
HAVE QUESTIONS? WE HAVE ANSWERS!
Prajyot Sathe
Research Manager
Mobility - Automotive & Transportation
Mobile : +818007104444
Email : Prajyots@frost.com