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1. HIERARCHICAL AND NETWORKED VEHICLE SURVEILLANCE IN ITS: A
SURVEY
ABSTRACT
Traffic surveillance has become an important topic in intelligent transportation systems
(ITSs), which is aimed at monitoring and managing traffic flow. With the progress in computer
vision, video-based surveillance systems have made great advances on traffic surveillance in
ITSs. However, the performance of most existing surveillance systems is susceptible to
challenging complex traffic scenes (e.g., object occlusion, pose variation, and cluttered
background). Moreover, existing related research is mainly on a single video sensor node, which
is incapable of addressing the surveillance of traffic road networks. Accordingly, we present a
review of the literature on the video-based vehicle surveillance systems in ITSs. We analyze the
existing challenges in video-based surveillance systems for the vehicle and present a general
architecture for video surveillance systems, i.e., the hierarchical and networked vehicle
surveillance, to survey the different existing and potential techniques. Then, different methods
are reviewed and discussed with respect to each module. Applications and future developments
are discussed to provide future needs of ITS services.