downy mildew prsentation and ergot

1. Downy mildew
• Caused by schelesrospara sorrghi
• Symptoms
Downy growth of the fungi consisting (
mycelium and sporongiophore. )
Infected part of the plant ( leaves)
Leaves become yellow.
Infected plant remain sterile particularly in
early infected plant. ( no ears produced )

2. Downy mildew cont….
White streaks appear in the leaf which then
return brown.
Shredding in the leaves in pronounced.
In case of late infection only older leaves
shred and plant produces healthy ears.

3. Management :
• The fungi survives in the form of (oospores
resting spore ,sexual spore produces
oomycytes) on crop debris and in soil.
• Secondary spread by wind borne sporangia)
• Field sanitation to reduce the inoculum on the
crop debris .
• Seed treatment to prevent the infection in
germinating seed of the seedling .

4. Management cont.…..
• Crop rotation
• Spray suitable fungicide to prevent or to kill
the wind borne sporangia 2/3kg of metalaxyl
,fosotyl 20grm -20 litter.
• Growing resistant variety if available
• Adjustment Sowing date in order to perevent
the coincidence of peak stage of disease of
susceptible of crop . ( previous in formation
and irrigation Application )

5. Ergot ( sugary disease )
• Caused by claviceps purpurea/Africana
Symptoms
Droplet of honeydew are seen in the infected
spikelet's .
There are honey clored dew like droplets ( ear
head panicle).
Mass of conidia appears in the droplets .
Infected spikelet's transform in to honey
structure .( scholorotia or ergot ).

6. Ergot cont…
• The fungi survives in the form of scholorotia
or scholorotium ( in the soil or crop debris).
• Secondary infection caused by conidia in the
honeydew for droplet , and also dispersed by
insect .
• Externally seed borne .

7. Control option
• Field sanitation.
• Crop rotation.
• Soil salinization and deep ploughing.
• Resistance variety if available
• Spray suitable fungicide like carbondazim
mancozeb copper coxy choloride.
• Use ergot free seed for sowing.
• Seed treatment with suitable fungicide like thrum
and capton .

8. Cont..
• Destruction for collateral hot particularly ergot
formation. Or destroy grass hosts before ergot
formation or weed host > N.B the consumption of ergot
infected grains leads like the disease known as
egotism.
• The shelorotia of fungi claviceps purpurea contain
number of alkaloids which are utilized in medicine for
the preparation of obortifacients and are also useful in
controlling haemorrhage during child birth .
• And also use apportion ) . Uterus contraction and
relaxation for higma rabaaniyah .

9. Grainmold
This caused by many mold fungi such as
Aspergillus spp.
Fosorium monoliforme.
Penecullium spp.

10. symptoms
• The disease appears when grains set of
susceptible sorghi varieties coincides with
high humidity and continuous rains.
• The most important symptom is molded ear
head of various colour , the colour depend on
prevailing fungi .
• The disease is Airborne.

11. Control option
• Resistant varieties if available .
• Adjustment of sowing date .
• Consider the duration of variety and the
duration of the rainy season.
• If rainy in the area is longer use long duration
variety of sorghum or delay sowing .
• If rainy season in the area is short use short
duration varieties of sorghum .

12. • Sorghum rust caused by paccenea purpurea
• Anthracnose in sorghum
• Leaf blight in sorghum
• Helmisporia blight
• Helmosporia blight
• Southern leaf blight
• Northern leaf blight

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