about rice disease

1. (BAKANAE DISEASE)

2. Contents
 Occurrence and importance
 Causal organisms
 Symptoms
 Disease cycle
 Epidemiology
 Control

3. Occurrence and importance
 This disease was first reported from Japan in 1898.
 Then it has been reported from china , Italy , Uganda ,
India and Pakistan.
 It has recently been observed on Paddy in Pakistan.
 Very little work has been done on this disease as
regards its distribution and losses.

4. Causal organisms
 Fusarium moniliforme (conidial stage)
 Gibberella fujikuroi (perfect stage)
Order:
 Moniliales
Family:
 Tuberculariaceae

5. Symptoms in nursery
 The disease affect seedling in the nursery.
 Seedling appear whitish pale and weaker.
 Seedling appear taller than the healthy one.
 In case of severe infection, tips of seedling show
symptoms of wilting.
 Infected plants die in nursery or soon after
transplantation.

6. Symptoms in field
 Infected plant appear tall and flower earlier.
 Early flowering is due to hormone like gibberellins.
 Some plant show symptoms of fungal infection at the
collar region.
 Plants die in about 2-6 weeks after infection.
 In certain cases plants show stunted growth due to
mycotoxins like fusaric acid.

7. Symptoms in field
 There is variation in symptoms of aerial parts.
 Due to variations in symptoms identification of
diseased plant become difficult.
 Roots emerges even from 2nd and 3rd node.
 Roots of plants also branch profusely as compared to
healthy one.
 Pinkish growth of fungus also visible at base of plants
and within spilt nodes.

8. Disease cycle
 These pathogens live both in seed and in soil.
 On seed these are frequently observed and also
identified in soil .
 There are two type of infection caused by foot rot
disease
 Primary infection.
 Secondary infection.
 The infection on seed or with in soil is primary
infection.
 The infection on the infected plant is secondary.

9. Epidemiology
 The fungus have a wide range of temperature for
optimum growth.
 which is between 30 - 35 C.
 It grows best in moisture .
 Excess use of nitrogen fertilizer predisposes the plant
to the attack of pathogen.

10. control
 The seeds must collected from area free from disease .
 The seeds should be stored under dry condition .
 The irrigation water should not be allowed to go from
infected field to the healthy ones.
 The seeds dressing by fungicides like benlate or topsin.
 The resistant variety should be use .