Biomedical engineering syllabus pdf

Prepared by:
1: Mr. Elnazeer Ali Hamid Abdalla - Lecturer at University of Bahri. Khartoum
2: Ms. Huda Alislam Talab – Medical Parasitology department - University of
Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST)

1
Introduction
The modern hospital is now the center of a technologically sophisticated
Healthcare system and this requires technologically articulate staff.
Engineering professionals have become intimately involved in many aspects of
Medicine, and the discipline of "Biomedical engineering" has become firmly
Established as integration between two disciplines of Medicine and Electronic
Engineering, Computer Engineering, Instrumentation & Mechatronics.
Biomedical engineering uses engineering principles to understand, modify to
Control biological systems. It is an interdisciplinary and applied branch of
Electrical & Electronic Engineering, which also requires a working knowledge
Such as physiology, anatomy and biological sciences.
Educational Programme Objectives:
1. To produce technically qualified biomedical engineers with the potential to
become leaders of Biomedical engineering.
2. To produce biomedical engineers who are committed to sustainable
development of Biomedical engineering for the betterment of society.

2
Educational Programme Outcomes:
To produce biomedical engineering graduates with the following outcomes:
1. Able to acquire and apply knowledge of mathematics, basic science and
engineering fundamental to solve the complex medical engineering
problems.
2. Able to undertake complex biomedical engineering problem identification,
formulation and solution synthesis using fundamental knowledge.
3. Able to design or develop solution for complex biomedical engineering
problem with appropriate consideration for public health and environmental
considerations.
4. Able to investigate and solve the complex problems using research,
knowledge and research methods including design of experiments.
5. Able to apply reasoning based on contextual knowledge in professional
engineering practice to assess societal and health relevant to professional
engineering practice.
Mission of Programme
 To produce well rounded graduates who are creative and innovative with the
potential to become good leaders of society enhancement.
Vision of Programme
 To be a leader in knowledge and technology for biomedical engineering and
to be innovation center for medical engineering graduates.

3
The study system and duration
Study system
System is based practice hours at the academy, Semester based credit and grading
system enables a much-required shift in focus from teacher centric to learner-
centric education since the workload estimated based on the investment of time in
learning and not in teaching. It also focuses on continuous evaluation, which will
enhance the quality of education.
Duration of the study
Ten semesters spread over five years.
Study plan
Study in English only.
Degree
Section granting bachelor degree (honor), the purpose of the honors program in
Biomedical Engineering is to give high achieving students an opportunity to
receive validation for a meaningful research experience and for a distinguished
academic career. A student interested in becoming a candidate for the honors
program in Biomedical Engineering may apply to the program at the end of the
sophomore year.

4
Symbols key of curriculum:
Scheduled from six digits code is compose as described below :
1, 2, 3 section code.
4, 5 course number section.
6 Number of credit hours.

5
Programme components:
Courses Title Code No. of
courses
No. of
credit hrs.
Humanities &social sciences HUM 7 14
Chemistry CHM 2 6
Mathematics MAT 9 25
Physics PHY 2 6
Computer sciences
corporation
CSC 4 12
Electrical Engineering ELE 12 36
Electronic
Telecommunication
Engineering
ETE 2 6
Computer Engineering
Technology program me
CNT 2 6
Electrical and Mechanical
Engineering
EME 17 50
Application in Engineering APP 4 11
Engineering ENG 4 12
Computer Engineering CEG 2 6
Field Training TRA 2 6
Graduation Project PRO 2 6
Total 202

6
The following tables show the distribution of credit hours curriculum of each
subject with a note that the coding as follows:
Number of credit hour (Number of lecture hours, number of tutorial hours,
number of practical hours).
Humanities and social sciences
Code Course Title No of credit hrs.
HUM 201 Islamic source of knowledge 2 (2.0.0)
HUM 202 Islamic Sharia Aims 2 (2.0.0)
HUM 203 Arabic-I 2 (2.0.0)
HUM 204 Arabic-II 2 (2.0.0)
HUM 205 English-I 2 (2.0.0)
HUM 206 English-II 2 (2.0.0)
HUM 207 Engineering Economy 2 (2.0.0)
Total 14

7
Chemistry
CHM 301 Chemistry -1 3(2.0.2)
CHM 302 Chemistry -1I 3(2.0.2)
Total 6
Mathematics
MAT 303 Differential and integral
calculation
3(3.1.0)
MAT 208 Linear Algebra 2(2.1.0)
MAT 304 Statistics and Probabilities 3(3.1.0)
MAT 209 Complex variables 2(2.1.0)
MAT 305 Numerical Analysis 3(3.1.0)
MAT 306 Statics and dynamics 3(3.1.0)
MAT 307 Differential Equations 3(3.1.0)
MAT 308 Special Function and Laplace
transforms
3(3.1.0)
MAT 309 Vector Analysis 3(3.1.0)
Total 25

8
Physics
PHY 310 Physics-I 3(2.0.2)
PHY 311 Physics-II 3(2.0.2)
Total 6
Computer sciences Corporation:
CSC 312 Basic of computer science 3(2.1.2)
CSC 313 Data Base system 3(2.1.2)
CSC 314 Fundamental of Algorithms and
structured programming
3(2.1.2)
CSC 315 Object oriented programming
&Methodology
3(2.1.2)
Total 12

9
Engineering:
Application in Engineering
code Course Title No of credit hrs.
APP 320 Laser and Fiber optics 3(3.1.2)
APP 210 Quantum Mechanics 2(2.1.0)
APP 321 Thermodynamics and heat
transfer
3(3.1.2)
APP 322 Automation and Robotics 3(3.0.2)
Total 11
ENG 316 Engineering Drawing 3(3.0.2)
ENG 317 Strength of material 3(3.0.2)
ENG 318 Fluid Mechanics 3(3.0.2)
ENG 319 Principle of Mechanical
Engineering and workshop
3(3.0.2)
Total 12

10
Electrical Engineering
ELE 323 Signals and systems 3(2.1.2)
ELE 324 Power Electronics 3(3.1.2)
ELE 325 Electrical Network Analysis and
Synthesis
3(3.0.2)
ELE 326 Electronic Circuits and Design – I 3(3.0.2)
ELE 327 Electronic Circuits and Design – II 3(3.0.2)
ELE 328 Transistor circuits 3(3.0.2)
ELE 329 Logic Circuits 3(3.1.2)
ELE 330 Electronic Drawing 3(2.0.2)
ELE 331 Electronic Instruments and Control
System
3(3.0.2)
ELE 332 Analog and Digital Circuits Design 3(3.0.2)
ELE 333 Biomedical Digital Signal
Processing
3(3.1.2)
ELE 334 Microcontrollers and Embedded
Systems
3(3.1.0)
Total 36

11
Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
code Course Title No of credit hrs.
EME 335 Human Anatomy and Physiology 3(3.0.2)
EME 336 Electrophysiology 3(2.0.2)
EME 337 Biomedical Instrumentation-I 3(3.0.2)
EME 338 Biomedical Instrumentation-II 3(3.0.2)
EME 339 Biomaterials and Biomechanics 3(3.0.2)
EME 340 Biological Modeling and
Simulation
3(3.1.2)
EME 341 Medical Imaging –I 3(3.0.2)
EME 342 Medical Imaging –II 3(3.0.2)
EME 343 Digital Image Processing 3(3.0.2)
EME 344 Principle of Biochemistry 3(3.0.2)
EME 345 Nuclear Medicine 3(3.0.2)
EME 211 Hospital Engineering 2(2.1.0)
EME 346 Biomechanics Prosthesis and
Orthosis
3(3.0.2)
EME 347 Biomedical Microsystems 3(3.0.2)
EME 348 Maintenance _I 3(3.0.2)
EME 349 Maintenance _II 3(3.0.2)
EME 350 Artificial organ & Rehabilitation
Engineering
3(3.0.2)
Total 50

12
Electronic Telecommunication Engineering
ETE 351 Electromagnetic waves 3(3.0.2)
ETE 352 Principles of Communication
Engineering
3(3.0.2)
Total 6
Computer Engineering
CEG 353 Microprocessors 3(2.1.2)
CEG 354 Computer interface 3(3.0.2)
Total 6
Computer Engineering Technology programme
CNT 355 Computer and Data
communication
3(3.1.2)
CNT 356 Networking and information
system in medicine
3(3.0.2)
Total 6

13
Field Training
TRA 357 Field Training-I 3(3.0.2)
TRA 358 Field Training –II 3(3.0.2)
Total 6
Graduation Project
PRO 359 Project Stage – I 3(0.0.4)
PRO 360 Project Stage – II 3(0.0.4)
Total 6

14
Syllabus Scheme for Semester I Biomedical Engineering
Code Title of courses Teaching scheme hrs./week exam
Theory Practical Tutorial No of
credit
hrs.
HUM 201 Islamic source of knowledge 02 - - 02
HUM 203 Arabic –I 02 - - 02
HUM 205 English –I 02 - - 02
CHM 301 Chemistry -1 03 02 - 03
PHY 310 Physics-1 03 02 - 03
MAT 303 Differential and integral calculation 03 - 01 03
ENG 316
MAT 304
Engineering Drawing
Statistics and Probabilities
03
03
02
-
-
01
03
03
Total 21 06 02 21

15
Syllabus Scheme for Semester II Biomedical Engineering
Credit
hrs.
HUM 202 Islamic Sharia Aims 02 - - 02
HUM 204 Arabic –II 02 - - 02
HUM 206 English –II 02 - - 02
CHM 302 Chemistry –II 03 02 - 03
PHY 311 Physics-II 03 02 - 03
MAT 208 Linear Algebra 02 - 01 02
CSC 313
MAT 209
Data Base system
Complex variables
02
02
02
-
01
01
03
02
CSC 314 Fundamental of Algorithms and
structured programming
02 02 01 03
Total 20 08 04 22

16
Syllabus Scheme for Semester III Biomedical Engineering
credit
hrs.
MAT 306 Statics and dynamics 03 - 01 03
CSC 312 Basic of computer science 02 02 01 03
ENG 317 Strength of material 03 02 - 03
CSC 315 Object oriented programming
&Methodology
02 02 01 03
ELE 324 Power Electronics 03 02 01 03
APP 320 Laser and Fiber optics 03 02 01 03
ELE 323
MAT 307
Signals and systems
Differential Equations
02
03
02
-
01
01
03
03
Total 21 12 07 24

17
Syllabus Scheme for Semester IV Biomedical Engineering
credit
hrs.
ETE 351
MAT 308
Electromagnetic waves
Special Function and Laplace
transforms
03
03
02
-
-
01
03
03
ELE 326
MAT 309
Electronic Circuits and Design – I
Vector Analysis
03
03
02
-
-
01
03
03
ELE 325 Electrical Network Analysis and
Synthesis
03 02 - 03
EME 335 Human Anatomy and Physiology 03 02 - 03
EME 348 Maintenance _I 03 02 - 03
EME 336 Electrophysiology 02 02 - 03
Total 23 12 02 24

18
Syllabus Scheme for Semester V Biomedical Engineering
credit hrs.
HUM207 Engineering Economy 02 - - 02
ELE 327 Electronic Circuits and Design – II 03 02 - 03
ELE 328 Transistor circuits 03 02 - 03
MAT305 Numerical Analysis 03 - 01 03
ELE 329 Logic Circuits 03 02 01 03
ELE 330 Electronic Drawing 02 02 - 03
ELE 331 Electronic Instruments and Control
System
03 02 - 03
EME 349 Maintenance _II 03 02 - 03
Total 22 12 02 23

19
Syllabus Scheme for Semester VI Biomedical Engineering
Theory Practical Tutorial No of credit
hrs.
CEG 353 Microprocessors 02 02 01 03
APP 210 Quantum Mechanics 02 - 01 02
EME 350 Rehabilitation Engineering 03 02 - 03
ENG 318 Fluid Mechanics 03 02 - 03
APP 321 Thermodynamics and heat
transfer
03 02 01 03
CNT 356 Networking and information
system in medicine
03 02 - 03
Total 16 10 03 17

20
Syllabus Scheme for Semester VII Biomedical Engineering
hrs.
EME 337 Biomedical Instrumentation-I 03 02 - 03
ELE 332 Analog and Digital Circuits Design 03 02 - 03
ELE 333 Biomedical Digital Signal Processing 03 02 01 03
ETE 352 Principles of Communication
Engineering
03 02 - 03
EME 339 Biomaterials and Biomechanics 03 02 - 03
CNT 355 Computer and Data communication 03 02 01 03
Total 18 12 02 18

21
Syllabus Scheme for Semester VIII Biomedical Engineering
credit hrs.
EME 338 Biomedical Instrumentation-II 03 02 - 03
CEG 354 Computer interface 03 02 - 03
EME 340 Modeling and physiological
Simulation
03 02 01 03
ELE 334 Microcontrollers and Embedded
Systems
03 - 01 03
EME 341 Medical Imaging –I 03 02 - 03
EME 343 Digital Image Processing 03 02 - 03
Total 18 10 02 18

22
Syllabus Scheme for Semester IX Biomedical Engineering
hrs.
EME 342 Medical Imaging –II 03 02 - 03
EME 346 Biomechanics Prosthesis and Orthosis 03 02 - 03
TRA 357 Field Training –I 03 02 - 03
ENG 319 Principle of Mechanical Engineering and
workshop
02 02 - 03
EME 344 Principle of Biochemistry 03 02 - 03
PRO 359 Project Stage – I - 04 - 03
Total 14 14 - 18

23
Syllabus Scheme for Semester X Biomedical Engineering
hrs.
EME 345 Nuclear Medicine 03 02 - 03
EME 347 Biomedical Microsystems 03 02 - 03
EME 211 Hospital Engineering 02 - 01 02
TRA 358 Field Training –II 03 02 - 03
APP 222 Automation and Robotics 03 02 - 03
PRO 360 Project Stage – II - 04 - 03
Total 14 12 01 17

24
HUM 205 English-I (C.hr 2)
Course Objective:
To enhance language skills and develop critical thinking.
Course outlines;
 Basics of Grammar.
 Parts of speech and use of articles.
 Sentence structure, Active and passive voice.
 Practice in unified sentence.
 Analysis of phrase, clause and sentence structure.
 Transitive and intransitive verbs.
 Punctuation and spelling.
 Comprehension.
 Discussion.
 Listening.
References
 Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. Exercises
Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313492
 Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. Exercises
Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313506
 Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and
Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993.
ISBN 0 19 435405 7 Pages 20-27 and 35-41.
 Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 453402 2.

25
HUM 206 English-II (C.hr 2)
Objective;
To enable the students to meet their real life communication needs.
Course outlines;
 Paragraph writing.
 Essay writing.
 Academic writing.
 CV and job application.
 Translation skills.
 Study skills.
 Presentation skills.
References:
 Reading. Advanced. Brian Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1991. ISBN 0 19 4534030.
 Reading and Study Skills by John Langan.
 Study Skills by Riachard York.
HUM 207 Engineering Economy (C.hr 2)
Objective of the Course;
To familiarize students with the concepts of economics and their application in
chemical engineering design for the purpose of cost estimation and profitability
analysis.
Course Outlines:
Engineering economy basics: Measures of financial effectiveness; Non-monetary
factors and multiple objectives; principles of engineering economy.

26
Consumer and producer goods; Measures of economic worth; Price, Supply and
Demand relationship; Production; Factors of production; Laws of return.
Sunk and opportunity costs; Fixed, variable, and incremental costs; Recurring and
nonrecurring costs; Direct, indirect, and overhead costs; Standard costs; Breakeven
analysis; Unit cost of production; Cost-benefit analysis; Feasibility studies; Value
analysis in designing and purchasing. Islamic and Contemporary financing
systems and their use in cost estimation. Depreciation accounting. Economic
evaluation of processes and equipment; Payback period method; Present worth
method; Uniform annual cost method; Rate of return method.
Manufacturing lead time; Production rate; Capacity; Utilization; Availability;
Work in process; WIP and TIP ratios. Types of ownership; types of stock;
Partnership & joint stock companies; Banking and specialized credit institutions.
References:
 Leland Blank, and Anthony Tarquin, ―Engineering Economy‖, 6th
Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 2005.
 G. J. Thuesen, and W. J. Fabrycky, ―Engineering Economy‖, 9th
Edition,
Prentice Hall of India, 2005.
 Ted G. Eschenbach, ―Engineering Economy‖, 2nd
Edition, Oxford University
Press, 2003.
 James L. Riggs, David D. Bedworth, and Sabah U. Randhawa,‖Engineering
Economics‖, 4th
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1996.

27
MAT208 Linear Algebra (C.hr 2
Course objectives
 Present the method of calculus of variations, basic concept of vector spaces,
matrix theory, concept of ROC and residue theory with applications.
 To provide students with mathematics fundamental necessary to formulate,
solve and analyze engineering problems.
Course outcome
Students will able to apply method of calculus of variations to specific systems,
Demonstrate ability to manipulate matrices, compute eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, Identify, and classify zeros, singular points, residues and their
applications
Course outlines
Linear algebra: vector spaces
Vectors in n-dimensional vector space: Properties, dot product, cross
Product, norm and distance properties in n-dimensional vector space.
Metric spaces, vector spaces over real field, properties of vector spaces over real
field, subspaces. Norms and normed vector spaces Inner products and inner
product spaces The Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, orthogonal Subspaces, Gram-
Schmidt Process
Linear Algebra: Matrix Theory Characteristic equation. Eigenvalues and
Eigenvectors, properties of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors .Cayley-Hamilton
theorem, examples based on verification of Cayley- Hamilton theorem Similarity
of matrices, Diagonalization of matrix Functions of square matrix, derogatory and
non-derogatory matrices Quadratic forms over real field, reduction of quadratic
form to a diagonal canonical form, rank, index, signature of quadratic form,

28
Sylvester‗s law of inertia, value-class of a quadratic form of definite, semi definite
and indefinite Singular Value Decomposition
References
 Kreyszig E., Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th edition, John Wiley,
2006.
 Linear Algebra- Hoffman & Kunze (Indian editions) 2002.
 Linear Algebra- Anton & Torres (2012) ninth Indian Edition.
MAT 209 Complex variables (C.hr 2)
Course objective
This course is aim to introduce the theories for functions of a complex variable. It
begins with the exploration of the algebraic, geometric and topological structures
of the complex number field. The concepts of analyticity, Cauchy-Riemann
relations and harmonic functions are then introduce. The notion of the Riemann
sheet is present to help student visualize multi-valued complex functions. Complex
integration and complex power series are present. We then discuss the
classification of isolated singularities, examine the theory, and illustrate the
applications of the calculus of residues in the evaluation of integrals.
Course outcome:
Students will be equipped with the understanding of the fundamental concepts of
Complex variable theory. In particular, students will acquire the skill of contour
Integration to evaluate complicated real integrals via residue calculus. The
prerequisites are some knowledge of calculus (up to line integrals and Green‘s
theorem), and some basic familiarity with differential equations would be useful.
Course outlines:
 Complex numbers
 Functions and limits; Analyticity and harmonic functions.

29
 Exponential and trigonometric functions.
 Contour integration, Cauchy theorem and Cauchy integral formula.
 Taylor and Laurent theorems; Classification of singularities.
 Residue calculus: evaluation of integrals.
References:
 ―Applied Complex Variables for Scientists and Engineers,‖ by Y.K. Kwok,
Cambridge University Press (2002).
 Kreyszig E., ―Advanced Eng. Mathematics‖, 9th
Ed., John Wiley & Sons.
APP 210 Quantum Mechanics (C.hr 2)
Vector Spaces, Operators, and Representations Finite dimensional vector
spaces, Inner product, Representations, Eigen value equations, Spectral
decomposition, Infinite dimensions and Hilbert spaces, {|q >} and {|p >}
representations, Tensor product of vector spaces
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics Postulates, The expectation value and the
uncertainty, Heisenberg uncertainty relations
Quantum Dynamics General Properties of the Schrodinger Equation, ehrenfest
Operator, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, and Interaction pictures, Conservative
Systems, Density Operator, Propagator, Quantum entanglement, the
EPR argument, Bell‘s inequalities, Approximation methods: perturbation
Theory, variational method, WKB method
Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics General Discussion, Translational
symmetry, Rotational symmetry, Parity, Time-reversal symmetry, Gauge
symmetry

30
Two-State Systems General discussion, Rabi‘s formula, Spin-1 /2 particles,
Larmor precession and magnetic resonance, System of two spin-1/ 2 particles
Systems in One Dimension Harmonic oscillator, Coherent and squeezed states,
Delta potential, square potential well and infinite potential well, potential
barrier and tunneling, Periodic potential, Bloch‘s Condition, Kronig-Penney
model.
Systems in Two or Three Dimensions General properties of the angular
momentum, Landau Levels, Aharonov- Bohm effect, Particle in a central
potential, Rotational-vibrational levels of diatomic molecules, Hydrogen atom,
Fine structure, Zeeman effect.
References:
 R. Shankar, ‗Principles of Quantum Mechanics‘, Plenum Press, 1994.
 J. J. Sakurai, ‗Modern Quantum Mechanics‘, the Benjamin, 1985.
 C. Cohen-Tannoudji, ‗Quantum Mechanics‘, John Wiley, 1977.
 R. L. Liboff, ‗Introductory Quantum Mechanics‘, Addison-Wesley, 1980
 E. Merzbacher, ‗Quantum Mechanics‘, John Wiley & Sons, 1970.
EME 211 Hospital Engineering (C.hr 2)
Course objectives;
 To promote the development of high quality of hospital care in the
community.
 To provide a satisfactory environment to the patient and to the doctors for
clinical research.
 To understand the design considerations in a hospital for designing of
various departments in the hospital.

31
 To develop skills enabling Biomedical Engineers to serve Hospitals,
National and International Industries and Government Agencies.
 To understand the role of Biomedical Engineer in hospitals.
Course outcomes;
Learners will be able to
 Understand and apply resource management concepts (personnel, finance,
and material resources) and the processes and strategies needed in specific
hospital sectors.
 Communicate effectively and develop their leadership and teambuilding
abilities.
 Apply modern change management and innovation management concepts
to optimize structures.
 Analyze existing hospital service policies and enhance their alignment
within the local and national context.
Course outlines;
Process of management: Principles of management, Leadership, Motivation,
Time management, Communication in hospital, H.R. management (Recruitment,
Performance appraisal, Reward management, Training and development, Conflict
resolution and labor relations), Accounting - Types of Budget.
Organization of the hospital & Hospital Planning: Management structure,
Types of hospitals, Governing body, Hospital committee and hospital
functionaries, Duties and responsibilities of various positions guiding principles in
planning hospital facilities and services and planning the hospital building.
Planning for Clinical and Supportive Services :A) Clinical Services:
Emergency, IN patient, OUT patient, Intensive care unit, Operation Theatre,
Laboratory, Blood Bank, Radiology B) Utility/ Supportive services: Registration

32
Medical record department, Central Sterile Service Dept, Pharmacy, Laundry and
Linen Medical social service Dept. Hospital security, Housekeeping, Dietary (Food
services).
Planning for Engineering and Auxiliary Services:
(A) - Engineering Services : Maintenance, Biomedical Dept.: Need and
responsibilities, Installation, Maintenance, Calibration, Electrical & HVAC
(Hospital Ventilation and Air Conditioning),Medical Gas systems ,Communication
,Transport Services (Ambulance) ,Hospital information systems
(B) - Auxiliary Services: Waste management, Hospital Infection control, Disaster
management Marketing Department.
Material Management & Inventory Control Purchase Management, Store
Management, Legal Aspects in a hospital.
References:
 Computers in Medicine: R. D. Lele (TMH Pub)
 Hospital Care and Hospital Management AICTE Journal Vol. 1, 2, 3 by Dr.
Kalanidhi. (AICTE Pub Bangalore
 Careers in Biomedical: Shantanu Thatte.
CHM 301 Chemistry –I (C.hr 3)
Objective of Course:
This course is mean for review of Basic Chemistry concepts.
Course Outlines:
Introduction: Fundamental concepts, Significant figures, errors and
Deviation, stoichiometric calculations and percentage composition, Periodic
Table. Dalton‘s Law of Atomic Structure, Rutherford‘s Atomic Model.

33
Chemical Bonding: Types of Bonds, Hybridization and Theories of
Bonding. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory and Molecular
Orbital Theory.
Chemical Kinetics: Rate of reaction, order of reaction, First, Second and
Third order reaction, factors affecting rate of reaction like Pressure, Temperature,
concentration, catalyst, surface area and volume.
Electrochemistry: oxidation and reduction reactions, balancing of redox
Reaction in acidic and basic medium. Construction of galvanic cell.
Organic chemistry: Introduction and classification of organic compounds.
Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemistry of Alkanes, Alkynes,
Alkenes and Aromatics. Nucleophilic and Electrophonic substitution
Reactions. Equations of State - Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics -
Material & Energy Balance in Fuel Combustion and Chemical Processes - General
Properties of Solutions - Dynamic Equilibrium in Physical and Chemical Processes
- Basic Principles in Electrochemistry - Introduction to Corrosion Engineering -
Selected topics in process Chemical Industries .
References:
 Theodore L. Brown, et al, Chemistry the Central Science, Prentice Hall Int.
(Pearson International latest edition), 2009.
 Shriver and Atkins', Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2010.
 Austin, G.T., Shreve‘s Chemical Process Industries, McGraw - Hill Book
Co, 5th. Ed., 1984.

34
CHM302 Chemistry-II (C.hr 3)
Organic Name Reactions and Stereochemistry. Name Reactions i.e. Aldol
Condensation, Cannizaro Reaction, Types of Isomerism (Optical & Geometrical),
Chirality, Element of Symmetry, Diastereomers, Optically Active Compounds, R-
S Configuration and E-Z Geometrical Isomers, Conformation of Ethane, N-Butane
Non-Conventional Energy Source: Introduction to Solar Energy, Biomass and
Biogas.
Phase Rule: Introduction, Definition and Explanation of the Terms: Phase,
Component and Degree Of Freedom, Application of Phase Rule to One
Component System (Water & CO2 System), Ph. Buffer Solution (Henderson
Equation).
Polymers: Polymerization and its Classification. Thermoplastic and Thermosetting
Resins. Properties of Polymers, Molecular Weights of Polymers, Elastomers.
Organic Conducting and Biodegradable Polymers (PMMA, Polystyrene, Teflon,
Neoprene, Buna-S, Buna-N Nylon 6, Nylon 66, Terylene, PLA, Poly Β Hydroxy
Butyrate), Vulcanization of Rubber.
Water Treatment: Introduction, Hardness and its Units,, L-S Process, Calgon
Process, Zeolite and Ion-Exchange Resins, Treatment of Municipal Water, Reverse
Osmosis, Impurities in Water, Characteristics of Water, Treatment Process
Includes Above Deleted Portions, Boiler Feed Water, Boiler Troubles and
Remedial Measures .
Lubrication: Introduction to Lubrication, Classification, Properties & Uses.
Corrosion: Introduction, Consequences, Types, Theories of Corrosion, (Galvanic,
Pitting, Stress, Water Line, Intergranular & Soil Corrosion) and Protection of
Corrosion. Electrochemical Cell, Concentration Cell.
Spectroscopy: Elementary Ideas and Simple Applications of UV, Visible, Infra-
Red and NMR Spectral Techniques

35
Fuels: Classification of Fuels. Analysis of Coal, Determination of Calorific
Values. Synthetic Petrol Class: Preparation, Varieties & Uses.
Ceramics: Introduction, Classification, Scope & Application
References:

 Morrison Boyd, ―Organic Chemistry “, (Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.)
 I.L. Finar, ―Organic Chemistry‖.
 Y R Sharma, ―Elementary Organic Spectroscopy‖, (S. Chand and Co. Ltd.
New Delhi).
 Shashi Chawla, ―Engg Chemistry‖, (Dhanpat Rai & Co. New Delhi).
 K M Mittal, ―Non-Conventional Energy System‖, (AH Wheelar & Co.)
 Mars G Fontana, ―Corrosion Engg‖, (Tata McGraw Hills).
 ―Physical Chemistry‖ by Puti, Sharma & Pathania (Vishal Publishers,
Jalandhar).
 Chemical Kinetics by Laidler (Pearson Education, India).
 Bahl and Tuli, ―Physical Chemistry‖, (S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi).
MAT 303 Differential and Integral calculus (C.hr 3)
Course objective
This course is design to develop the topics of differential and integral calculus.
Emphasis is place on limits, continuity, derivatives and integrals of algebraic and
transcendental functions of one variable.
Course outcomes;
 Upon completion, students should be able to select and use appropriate
models and techniques for finding solutions to derivative-related problems
with and without technology.

36
 Apply the definition of limit to evaluate limits by multiple methods and use
it to derive the definition and rules for differentiation and integration.
 Use derivatives to analyze and graph algebraic and transcendental functions.
 Select and apply appropriate models and differentiation techniques to solve
problems involving algebraic and transcendental functions; these problems
will include but are not limited to applications involving optimization and
related rates.
 Apply the definition of indefinite integral to solve basic differential
equations.
 Apply the definition of definite integral to evaluate basic integrals.
 Use the fundamental theorem of calculus to evaluate integrals involving
algebraic and transcendental functions.
Course outlines;
Limits and Derivatives The Tangent and Velocity Problems The Limit of a
Function ,Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws ,The Definition of a Limit,
Continuity ,Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes ,Derivatives and Rates of
Change ,The Derivative as a Function
Differentiation Rules Derivatives of Polynomials and Exponential Functions
,The Product and Quotient Rules ,Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions ,The
Chain Rule ,Implicit Differentiation ,Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions ,Rates
of Change in the Natural and Social Sciences ,Hyperbolic Functions
Applications of Differentiation Related Rates, Linear Approximations and
Differentials, Maximum and Minimum Values, the Mean Value Theorem, How
Derivatives Affect the Shape of a Graph, Curve Sketching, Optimization
Problems

37
Integrals Antiderivatives ,Areas and Distances ,The Definite Integral ,The
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus ,Logarithm Defined as an Integral ,Indefinite
Integrals and the Net Change Theorem ,The Substitution Rule.
References:
 Stewart, James. Calculus: Early Transcendental. 8th ed. Brooks/Cole,
Cengage Learning 2012. TI-83/84 Graphing Calculator.
 E. Kreyszig, ―Advanced Eng. Mathematics‖, John Wiley & Sons, 9th Ed.
 B.V.Ramanna, ―Higher Eng. Mathematics”, TMH.
MAT304 Statistics and probabilities (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives:
This course is a reasonably through treatment of the theory of probability and
random processes, which are the tools required for the study of Communication
systems. Course begins with the basic concepts of probability theory with random
variables and their mathematical expectations; discrete and continuous probability
distributions; and the various properties describing these distributions.
Upon completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Understand the basic of stochastic processes and its importance in the
Design of communication system.
 Have awareness of random signals, and to analyze the principles & tools to
model it random signal, and noise.
Course Outlines:
Descriptive Statistics: Basic definitions, Measures of
Central tendency and variation, Chebychev‘s theorem, z-scores, Frequency
Distribution, Graphical representation of data stem & Leaf and Box Plots,
Symmetry and skewness, Quintiles (Percentiles, Deciles & Quartiles)

38
Probability Theory: Basic definition and rules of probability, Conditional
Probability & Bayes‘s Theorem, Counting techniques.
Random Variable: Concept of random variable, Discrete & Continuous
Random variable and its random variable and variance of random variable
And their properties.
Discrete & Continuous Probability Distributions: Uniform, Binomial,
Multinomial, Hyper geometric, Negative binomial, Geometric, Poisson,
Normal & Exponential distributions and their applications.
Sampling Theory: Sampling distribution of mean, t-distribution, and
Sampling procedures.
Regression & Correlation: Linear, Exponential and Multiple Regression
Models and Multiple Correlation Coefficient, ANOVA.
Statistical Inference: Estimation of parameters such as mean and Variance,
Classical and Bayesian method of estimation.
Hypothesis Testing: Z-test, t-test, and Goodness of fit test.
References:
• Byron Wm. Brown, Myles, Statistics: A Biomedical Introduction (Wiley
Series in Probability and Statistics)
• Morris H. DeGroot, Mark J. Schervish, Probability and Statistics (3rd
Edition).
• Murray R Spiegel, et al, Schaum's Outline of Probability and Statistics
• Jay L. Devore, Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the
Sciences (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac).

39
MAT 305 Numerical analysis (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives:
After completing this course, the student should be familiar with
 Root of a non-linear equation f (x) = 0 and its computation.
 Iterative methods for the solution of simultaneous linear algebraic equations.
 Interpolation and extrapolation.
 Numerical differentiation and integration.
 Numerical solution of ordinary and partial differential equation.
Course Outlines:
Introduction, Error analysis: floating points, errors and types of errors. Solution of
non-linear equation: Bisection, Regula-Falsi, Fixed-point iterative and Newton-
Raphson‘s methods. Solution of linear algebraic Equations. Direct methods:
Crout‘s and Cholescky methods; Iterative methods: Jacobi‘s and Guass-Seidal
methods. Eigen values and eigenvectors: Characteristics equation and, Power
methods. Interpolations and extrapolations: Forward, backward, central difference
operators and their relations. Newtons Forward, Backward and Divided Difference
Interpolation Formulae. Lagrange‘s and Stirling‘s Interpolation Formulae.
Numerical differentiation: Newton‘s-Forward and Backward differentiation
Formulae. Numerical quadrature: Trapezoidal, Simpson‘s one-third, Simpson‘s
three-eight and Weddle‘s rules and Gaussian quadrature. Solution of ODEqus:
Taylor Series, Euler‘s and its modified, Runge-Kutta, Miline's, Adam-Moltan
(Predictor-Corrector) methods. Solution of Higher Order Differential Equations:
Runge-Kutta methods. Solution of Partial Differential Equations by Finite
Differences Methods (Explicit, Implicit and Crank-Niclson techniques) and ADI
Method.

40
References:
• Canal and Chapra ―Numerical Methods for Engineers‖.
• Curits F. Gerald ―Applied Numerical Analysis‖.
• Evvien Cryzigg ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖.
• Chung Yau Lam ―Applied Numerical Methods for the Solution of Partial
Differential Equations‖
• Dr Saeed Akhtar Bhatti ―A First Course in Numerical Analysis‖.
• John L. Van Iwaarden ―Ordinary Differential Equations with Numerical
Techniques”.
MAT 306 Statics and dynamics (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives
 Apply knowledge in mathematics, science and engineering to formulate and
solve engineering problems in statics and dynamics.
 Solve statics and dynamics problems for systems modeled as particles and
planar rigid bodies.
 Acquire the ability to represent and manipulate forces and moments.
 Learn to interpret elementary structural and mechanical systems and their
interactions.
 Understand force-acceleration, work-energy, and impulse-momentum
solution methods
Course outlines:
 Introduction and General Principles.
 Force Vectors.

41
 Equilibrium of a Particle.
 Force System Resultants.
 Center of Gravity.
 Distributed Forces.
 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body.
 Structural Analysis: Method of Joints.
 Structural Analysis: Methods of Sections.
References:
 Engineering Mechanics: Statics & Dynamics, 12/e, R. C. Hibbeler, Prentice
Hall.
 Kunberger, T., Csavina, K., 2011, ―Experiences from a Combined Statics
and Dynamics Course in an Integrated Lecture - Lab Environment,‖ Journal
of Applications and Practices in Engineering Education, 2, pp. 2-4.
 Lit zinger, T. A., Meter, P. V., Firetto, C. M., Passmore, L. J., Masters, C.
B., Turns, S. R., Gray, G. L., Costanzo, F., Zappe, S. E., 2010, ―A Cognitive
Study of Problem Solving in Statics,‖ Journal of Engineering Education, 99,
pp. 337-353.
 Dollar, A., Steif, P., 2009, ―A Web-Based Statics Course Used in an
Inverted Classroom,‖ Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference &
Exposition, Austin, TX.
MAT307 Differential Equations (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives:
To provide an understanding of analytical solution of first and second order
differential equations.

42
Course Outlines:
Differential equations and their classification, formation of differential equations.
Differential equations of first order. Methods of solution of differential equations
of first order and first-degree: Separable equations, homogenous equations,
equations reducible to homogenous, exact differential equations, integrating factor,
linear equations, Bernoulli equations, orthogonal trajectories in Cartesian and polar
coordinates, application of first order differential equations. Non-linear first order
differential equations.
Higher order linear differential equations: Homogeneous linear equations of order
n with constant coefficients, auxiliary/characteristics equations. Solution of higher
order differential equation according to the roots of auxiliary equation. Non-
homogenous linear equations. Working rules for finding particular integral.
Cauchy Euler Equation. Introduction to partial differential equations.
References:
 Erwin Kreyszig, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, John Wiley & Sons,
ISBN: 0471728977.
 John Polking, Al Boggess, David Arnold ―Differential Equations‖, Prentice
Hall, ISBN: 0131437380
 Stephen Goode, ―Differential Equations and Linear Algebra‖, Prentice Hall,
ISBN: 013263757X.
MAT308 Special Function and Laplace transform (C.hr.3)
Course Objectives;
 To provide students with a sound foundation in Mathematics and prepare
them for graduate studies.

43
 To provide students with mathematics fundamental necessary to formulate,
solve and analyze engineering problems.
 To provide opportunity for students to work as part of teams on multi-
disciplinary Projects.
Course outcomes;
 Students will demonstrate basic knowledge of Laplace Transform. Fourier
series, Bessel Functions, Vector Algebra and Complex Variable.
 Students will show the understanding of impact of Engineering.
Mathematics on Telecom Engineering. Students who can participate and
succeed in competitive exams like GATE, GRE.
Course outlines:
Laplace Transform (LT) of Standard Functions Definition.
Unilateral and bilateral Laplace Transform, LT of sin (at), cos (at),
Eat, tn , sinh(at), cosh(at), erf(t), Heavi-side unit step, dirac-delta
Function, LT of periodic function.
Properties of Laplace Transform Linearity, first shifting theorem, second
shifting theorem, multiplication by tn , division by t , Laplace Transform of
derivatives and integrals, change of Scale, convolution theorem, initial and final
value theorem, Parsavel‘s identity.
Inverse Laplace Transform Solution of ordinary Differential equations Partial
fraction method, long division Method, residue method.
Applications of Laplace Transform Solution of ordinary differential equations,
Fourier Series of Functions Exponential, trigonometric functions, even and odd
functions, half range sine and cosine Series Complex form of Fourier series,
orthogonal and orthonormal set Of functions, Fourier integral representation.

44
Solution of Bessel Differential Equation Series method, recurrence relation,
properties of Bessel function of order +1/2 and-1/2 Generating function,
orthogonality property Bessel Fourier series of functions.
Scalar and Vector Product, Vector Differentiation Gradient of scalar point
function, divergence and curl of vector point function.
Complex Variable Analytic Function: Necessary and sufficient conditions,
Cauchy Reiman equation in polar form Harmonic function, orthogonal trajectories.
Mapping Conformal mapping, bilinear transformations, cross ratio, fixed points,
bilinear transformation of straight lines and circles.
MAT 309 Vector Analysis (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives
 Develop better understanding of key concepts concerning scalar and vector
fields learned previously in Multivariable Calculus courses.
 Gain deeper knowledge of multivariate differentiation operations such as
Gradient, Divergent and Curl.
 Master the Integral Theorems at the core of Vector Analysis: the Stokes
(Greens‘) Theorem and the Divergence (Gauss‘) Theorem.
 Learn the utility of Vector Analysis by learning its relevance to Maxwell‘s
equations describing the dynamics of electric and magnetic fields.
Course Outcomes;
 Students prepared for further study in the relevant technological disciplines
and more advanced mathematics courses.
 Students can apply their knowledge of Vector Analysis to solve problems in
engineering and the natural sciences.
Course Outlines:
 Inner Product and Cross-Product

45
 Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates; n-Dimensional Space
 Limits, Continuity and Partial Derivatives
 Paths and Curves, Properties of Derivatives, Gradients
 Double Integrals
 Triple Integrals
 Iterated Partial Derivatives and Taylor‘s Theorem
 Extrema of Scalar Fields, Lagrange Multipliers
 Implicit Function Theorem
 Acceleration and Newton‘s Second Law; Arc Length
 Vector Fields
 Vector Fields; Divergence and Curl
 Divergence and Curl
References:
 Vector Analysis J.E. Marsden and A. Tromba 6th W.H. Freeman and
Company 978-1429215084.
 E. Kreyszig, ―Advanced Eng. Mathematics‖, John Wiley & Sons, 9th Ed.
PHY 310 Physics-I (C.hr 3)
Course objective:
To provide an understanding of the principles of physics.
Course Outlines:
Scientific notation and significant figures. Types of errors in experimental
measurements. Units in different systems. Graphical Techniques (Log, semi-log
and other non-linear graphs)

46
Electrostatics and Magnetism: Coulombs Law. Electrostatic potential energy of
discrete charges. Continuous charge distribution. Gauss‘s Law. Electric field
around conductors. Dielectrics. Dual trace oscilloscope with demonstration.
Magnetic fields. Magnetic force on current. Hall Effect. Biot-Savart Law.
Ampere‘s Law, Fields of rings and coils. Magnetic dipole. Diamagnetism,
Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism.
Waves and Oscillations: Free oscillation of systems with one and more degrees of
freedom. Solution for Modes. Classical wave equation. Transverse modes for
continuous string. Standing waves. Dispersion relation for waves. LC network and
coupled pendulums. Plasma oscillations.
Semi-Conductors: Energy levels in a semiconductor, Hole concept, Intrinsic and
Extrinsic regions, PNP, NPN junction. Transistor, LEDs, Amplifiers Optics and
Lasers: Harmonic traveling waves in one dimension. Near and far fields. Two-slit
interference. Huygens Principle. Single-slit diffraction. Resolving power of optical
instruments. Diffraction Grating. Lasers, Population inversion. Resonant cavities.
Quantum efficiency. He-Ne, Ruby and CO2 lasers. Doppler Effect and sonic
boom.
Modern Physics: Inadequacy of classical physics, Plank‘s explanations of black
body radiation. Photoelectric effect, Compton Effect. Bohr‘s theory of Hydrogen
atom, Atomic spectra, De-Broglie hypothesis, Braggs Law, Atomic nucleus, Mass
energy relation, Exponential decay and half-life. Nuclear stability and
radioactivity, Alpha decay, Beta decay, Gamma decay attenuation, Fission, Energy
release, Nuclear Fusion.
References:
 Dale Ewin ―Applied Physics‖ 2009, Prentice Hall, Inc.
 Fundamental of Physics - Resnick, Halliday & Walker (Wiley).

47
PHY311 Physics-II (C.hr3)
Objectives of Course:
The course is intende to provide knowledge about
 Properties of Matter and fluids
 Heat & Thermodynamics with introduction to heat transfer machine.
 Concepts of optics covering theory of light.
 Introduction to electricity, magnetism, and its application in Electrical and
electronic field.
Course Outlines;
. first law of thermodynamics, kinetic theory of gases, heat engines, entropy and
the second law of thermodynamics, Newton‘s law of gravitation and applications
-Potential - Energy - Continuity equation - Oscillations - simple harmonic motion.
Electrostatics: Electric charge and Coulomb‗s law - Gauss law - Electrostatic field
- Electrostatic potential - Dielectrics and capacitances - Energy.
Properties of Matter: Elasticity; modulus of Elasticity, Experimental
Determination of young‘s modulus, bending of beams, Cantilever.
Fluids: Steady and turbulent flow, Bernoulli‘s theorem, Viscosity,
Determination of Coefficient of viscosity by Poiseuillie's method. Surface
Tension, Surface energy, Angle of contact, determination surface tension
By rise in a capillary tube.
Heat & Thermodynamics: Heat, Temperature, Theories of heat, Adiabatic
And isothermal processes, the four laws of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic
functions, Maxwell‘s Thermodynamic relations. Efficiency of Heat Engines,
Carnot‘s Cycle, Stirling cycle, Entropy, Reversible Process and cycles,
Thermodynamic equilibrium, Introduction to Heat Transfer Mechanisms.

48
Optics: Waves and Oscillations, Simple Harmonic Motion, types of wave
Motion, theories of light, Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, Double
Refraction, Dispersion, Types and uses of Deviation Lasers.
Electricity and Magnetism: Electric charges, Electric field, Electric
Potential, Coulomb‘s law, Gauss‘s law, Capacitors and dielectrics, Electric
Current, Ohm‘s Law, Magnetic properties of matter, Magnetic field,
Magnetic force on current, Ampere‘s law, Faraday‘s law, and Lenz‘s law.
References:
 David Halliday, Rpbert Resnick and Jearl Walker, WIE Fundamentals of
Physics, 7th
ed.2005, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN:0471465097
 Arthur Beiser, ―Schaum‘s Outline of Applied Physics, 4th
ed. 2004, McGraw
Hill, ISBN: 0071426116.
CSC 312 Basic of computer sciences (C.hr 3)
Course objective:
This module leads Biomedical Engineering students to appreciate the Impact of
information technology & exploration of telecommunication technologies in
medicine & healthcare. It deals with biomedical information, data and knowledge,
their storage & retrieval of medical information.
Course Outlines:
An overview of Computer Sciences and Information Technology with
Applications Introduction to Computer System hardware and organization.
The Study of Algorithms and Algorithmic machines, Machine Architecture,
Data Storage and Manipulation, The CPU, the stored program concepts and
program execution.
Number Systems: Introduction to number systems. Binary numbers,

49
Hexadecimal numbers, Octal numbers, Decimal to Binary and Binary to
Decimal number Conversion, Hexadecimal to Binary and Binary to
Hexadecimal Conversion, Binary Coded Decimal Numbers, Grey Code,
Binary to Grey and Grey to Binary number Conversion, Parity in codes.
Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI), Introduction to
Operation systems, Networks, Algorithm and problem solving, Introduction
To programming languages with emphasis on program control structures,
Data types, functions, data structures.
References:
 Patrick G.Mckeown, Living with Computers 4th
ed
 Marlene Mahu, E-Health, Telehealth, and Telemedicine: A Guide to Startup
and Success (Jossey Bass Health Series)
 A.R.Memon and B.S.Chowdhry Telemedicine Modernization and expansion
of Heat Care System.
 B.S.Choudhry, A.R.Memon, Compupedia: The Art of Living with Computer
Technology .
 Peter Norton, Computers.
 G.B Davis, Computer Data Processing
 Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks.
CSC 313 Data Base systems (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives
 To introduce the student to the fundamental concepts of data models
 To expose the student to the methods and techniques appropriate for a given
problem

50
 To introduce the student to the selection and implementation of appropriate
database solutions that reflect all suitable constraints, including scalability
and usability.
Course outlines;
History and Overview of Database Systems Indicate some reasons for studying
database systems. Highlight some people that influenced or contributed to the area
of database systems .Indicate some important topic areas such as information
systems, database systems and, data modeling .Contrast the meanings between
data, information, and knowledge. Describe a database system and its components
mention the use of database query languages. Describe the meaning and purpose of
a data model Explore some additional resources associated with database systems
Explain the purpose and role of database systems in computer engineering
Fundamentals of Database Systems Components of database systems; problem
of the accuracy of information Database management system (DBMS) functions:
the different possibilities and the role they play in database system Database
architectures: the possibilities, the concept of, the importance of and the reality of
data independence Use of a database query language.
Data Modeling Data modeling: the role of this, the benefits it brings and
the common approaches. conceptual data model, physical data model, and
representational data m Basic concepts, to include key, foreign key, record,
relation Conceptual models: possibilities, entity-relationship model and UML;
strengths and weaknesses; notational issues Object-oriented model: the main
concepts and object identity, type constructors, encapsulation, inheritance,
polymorphism, and versioning; basic approaches Relational data model: basic
terminology, basic approaches, strengths and weaknesses
Relational Databases Database Query Languages Relational Database Design

51
Database design Physical Database Design Storage requirements for a range of
data including characters, numbers, strings, text, sound, video and file structure
Characteristics of storage to support a range of databases including use of CDs,
memory in machines of different kinds; nature of the storage systems involved
and the factors influencing choice.
Course Outcomes;
On completion of this course the student will be able to:
 Identify some contributors to database systems and relate their achievements
to the knowledge area, explain how knowledge differs from information and
data, and describe how computer engineering uses or benefits from database
systems and information management.
References:
 Hector Garcia-Molina, Jeff Ullman, and Jennifer Widom, 2008.
Database Systems: The Complete Book (DS:CB), 2th Edition ,
Prentice Hall, ISBN-10: 0130319953, ISBN-13:9780130319951
 Jeffrey D. Ullman, Jennifer Widom, 2007. A First Course in Database
Systems. Prentice Hall, ISBN 013600637X.
 Rebecca R i o r d a n , 2 0 0 5 . Designing E f f e c t i v e D a t a b a s e
S y s t e m s . Addison-Wesley I S B N0 3 2 1 2 9 0 9 3 3 .
 Thomas M. Connolly, and Carolyn E. Begg, 2004. Database Systems: A
Practical Approach to Design, Implementation. Addison-Wesley, ISBN
0321294017.

52
CSC314 Fundamental of Algorithms and structured
programming (C.hr 3)
Course objectives
 To introduce students to computer systems: hardware and software.
 To teach students the basic principles of structured and object oriented
programming using a high level language
 To teach students basic techniques of formulating problems for computer
programming implementation and solution.
 To provide students with practical computer programming skills through the
solution of engineering problems using the C++ high-level programming
language
Course outlines
This course covers fundamental algorithms and data structures that used in
software applications today. Particular emphasis given to algorithms for sorting,
searching, and indexing. Data structures such as linked lists, binary trees, heaps, B-
Trees, and graphs will be cover along with their associated algorithms. The course
also covers basic algorithmic analysis techniques and seeks to promote student-
programming skills this course covers fundamental algorithms and data structures
that used in software applications today. Particular emphasis given to algorithms
for sorting, searching, and indexing. Data structures such as linked lists, binary
trees, heaps, B-Trees, and graphs will be cover along with their associated
algorithms. The course also covers basic algorithmic analysis techniques and seeks
to promote student-programming skills
Course outcomes
Know the various built-in data types in the C++ programming Language.
 Know how to input/output data (cin, cout, files…)

53
 Know how to use the C++ control structures (for, while, if/else)
 Know how to modularize a program using functions.
 Know how to write functions with call by value and call by reference.
 Know how to write recursive functions.
 Can use arrays in programs and functions.
 A new programming language well enough to implement simple algorithms.
References:
 K. N. King, ―C Programming a Modern Approach‖, W. W. Norton, 2nd
Edition, 2008.
 Kernighan and Ritche, ―The C Programming Language‖, PHI, 2nd Edition,
2011.
 P. Dey and M. Ghosh, ―Programming in C‖, Oxford University Press first
Edition, 2000.
CSC315 Object Oriented Programming & Methodology
(C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To understand the concept of object oriented programming
 To help student to understand use of programming language such as JAVA
to resolve problems.
 To impart problems understanding, analyzing skills in order to formulate
Algorithms.
 To provide knowledge about JAVA fundamentals: data types, variables,
keywords and control structures.

54
 To understand methods, arrays, inheritance, Interface, package and
multithreading and concept of Applet
Course Outcomes;
 Students will be able to code a program using JAVA constructs. Given an
algorithm.
 Students will be able to formulate a program that correctly implements the
algorithm.
 Students will be able to generate different patterns and flows using control
structures and use recursion in their programs.
 Students will be able to use thread methods, thread exceptions and thread
priority.
 Students will implement method overloading in their code.
 Students will be able to demonstrate reusability with the help of inheritance.
 Students will be able to make programs that are more efficient.
Course outlines;
Fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming Overview of
programming: Introduction to the principles of object-oriented programming:
Classes, objects, messages, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism,
exception handling, and object oriented containers Differences and similarity
between C++ and JAVA.
Fundamental of Java programming Features of Java,
JDK Environment & tools, Structure of Java program, Keywords, data types,
variables, operators, expressions. Decision making, looping, type casting, Input
output using scanner class.

55
Classes and objects Creating classes and objects, Memory allocation for objects
Passing parameters to Methods ,Returning parameters Method overloading
,Constructor and finalize ( ) Arrays: Creating an array Types of array : One
dimensional arrays ,Two Dimensional array, string
Inheritance, interface and package Types of inheritance: Single, multilevel,
hierarchical Method overriding, super keyword, final keyword, abstract class
Interface, Packages
Multithreading Life cycle of thread, Methods, Priority in multithreading
Apple Applet life cycle, Creating applet, Applet tag.
References:
 Herbert Scheldt, “The Complete Reference JAVA‖, Tata McGraw Hill
 Barry Holmes and Daniel T. Joyce, “Object Oriented Programming with
Java‖, Jones.
ENG 316 Engineering Drawing (C.hr 3)
Course Objective:
To provide an understanding of the fundamentals of engineering drawing.
Course Outcomes:
 At the end of the course the student will be able to
 Use common drafting tools to construct engineering drawings and apply
dimensions on engineering drawings. Create, construct and Interpret views
and sectional views and projections. Create isometric and oblique sketches
and identify standard features.

56
 Use SI units, and standards scales to produce engineering drawings. Produce
engineering drawings using computer aided drafting (CAD) system to
improve visualization skills.
Course outlines:
Drawing equipment and the use of instruments; Basic drafting techniques and
standards, Geometrical curves including plane curves; Cycloid; Hypocycloid and
Involute. Intersections at various positions of geometrical bodies such as prisms,
pyramids, cylinders and cones: Development of surfaces of prisms, pyramids,
cylinders and cones. Freehand sketching of machine and engine components,
Locking arrangements; Foundation bolts; Stuffing box; Shaft couplings; Foot step
bearing; Pulleys; Engine connecting rod. Concept of working drawing of
component parts of machines and engines. Size description, dimensions and
specifications; Limit dimensioning and geometric tolerance; Limits; Fits and
tolerances; Conventional symbols. Sectioning of machine and engine components;
Orthographic projections and standard practices. Isometric views with particular
reference to piping and ducting.
References:
 Richard Shelton Kirby, the Fundamentals of Mechanical Drawing,
Nabu Press, 2009.
 Cecil Jensen, Jay Helsel Dennis Short, Engineering Drawing and
Design, McGraw Hill, 7th. ed, 2007.
 Luzadder Warren J., Duff John M., ―Fundamentals of Engineering
Drawing with an introduction to Interactive Computer Graphics for
Design and Production‖, Practice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

57
ENG 317 Strength of Material (C.hr3)
Course objectives:
 Obtain familiarity with basic concepts of materials science, continuum
Mechanics and fracture mechanics.
 Understand basic mechanisms of cyclic deformation and high Temperature
deformation in solids.
 Identify fatigue crack initiation and damage progression processes.
 Develop quantitative methods for life prediction using damage tolerant
Approach to fatigue crack propagation.
Course outlines:
This course develops a fundamental understanding of the mechanical
Behavior of materials. Basic concepts in materials and mechanics such as
Defect structures, elasticity, plasticity and fracture are introduce and particular
emphasis is place on the materials and mechanics issues associated with fatigue
and high temperature deformation of materials. Total life and damage tolerant
approaches to fatigue are invoke to understand fatigue crack initiation, fatigue
crack propagation and micro mechanisms of fatigue damage. Advanced topics
include smart materials. Materials Science; Continuum Mechanics; Fracture
Mechanics; Cyclic Deformation in Solids; Fatigue Crack Initiation; Total Life
Approach Damage Tolerant Approach; Smart Materials.
Course outcomes:
 An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering.
 An ability to identify, formulates, and solve engineering problems.
 An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility the broad
education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a
global, economic, environmental and societal context recognition of the need

58
for, and ability to, engage in life-long learning knowledge of contemporary
issues.
 An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools
necessary for engineering practice.
References
 W. D. Callister, Jr., Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction,
Sixth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2003.
 S. Suresh, Fatigue of Materials, Second Edition, Cambridge University
Press, 2003.
 R. E. Reed-Hill and R. Abbaschian – Physical Metallurgy Principles,
 Third Edition, Thomas Engineering, 1991.
 T. L. Anderson, Fracture Mechanics – Fundamentals and Applications,
Second Edition, CRC Press, 1995.
 N. Dowling, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Second Edition, Prentice
Hall, 1999.
ENG 318 Fluid mechanics (C.hr 3)
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics: Intrinsic fluid properties, Hydrostatics,
Macroscopic and Microscopic Mass and Moment balance, Bernoulli equation,
Fluid mechanics in straight tube, effect of flow plasticity, Boundary Layer
separation.
Cardiovascular Circulation: Cardiac structure, Cardiac function, Systemic,
Coronary and Pulmonary Circulation. Cerebral and renal Circulations, Regulation
of Circulation, Atherosclerosis and its physiological implications.
Rheology of Blood and Blood Vessel Mechanics: Viscometry, Physical
properties of Blood, Viscous behavior of blood, Pressure- flow relationship for

59
non- Newtonian blood. Hemolysis and platelet activation with fluid dynamically
induces stresses. Blood vessel mechanics
Static and steady flow models: Arterial stenosis and Aneurysms, cardiac Valve
stenosis, Stents, Vascular Resistance, Estimation of entrance length, and its effect
on flow development in arteries. Flow in collapsible vessel.
Unsteady and Non-uniform models: Windkessel model for the human
circulation, Continuum model for pulsatile flow dynamics, wave propagation in
arterial system. Wall shear stress and its effects on endothelial cells, Flow through
curved arteries and Bifurcations. Heart Valve dynamics.
Fluid Mechanics of Other Body Fluids: Cerebral spinal Fluid, Synovial Fluid,
Lymph etc.
Pulmonary Physiology and Respiration: Hyperventilation, Alveolar Ventilation,
Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships, Mechanics of Breathing, Airway Resistance,
Gas Exchange and Transport, Pulmonary Pathophysiology, Respiration in Extreme
Environments.
References:
 Krishnan B. Chandran, Stanley E. Rittgers, Ajit P. Yoganathan Biofluid
Mechanics: The Human Circulation, Second Edition:, CRC Press
 Clement Kleinstreuer Biofluid Dynamics: Principles And Selected
Applications, , CRC Press
 Ronald L. Fournier Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering,
, Third Edition,CRC Press.
 Kal Sharma Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering: Artifical
organ Design and Development, and Tissue Engineering, , McGraw Hill
Professional

60
ENG 319 Principle of Mechanical Engineering and workshop
(C.hr3)
Basic machine shop: lathe work every student must be familiar with the
operation, safety, general maintenance of a lathe machine, familiarized with lathe
parts, accessories and attachments used on lathe, familiarized with the measuring
instruments and measurement transferring devices, familiarized with the personal
safety while working on lathe machine.
Drilling machine: Study of a pillar and radial drill, including accessories,
attachments and holding devices. Study of different drills available in the
workshop. Exercise on drilling concentrically on a flat surface, round surface
Preparation for a reamed hole, tapped hole and their sizes
. Advance welding shop:
Welding by are welding of plates in:
a) Flat position
b) Vertical position
c) Overhead position
Filler welding
Preparation of different joints: (including pipe joints – Straight & right angles)
Gas welding of non-ferrous metals.
Gas cutting practice
Mig welding practice on at least 12 mm thick plates.
Sheet metal shop: Purpose of the shop, application.
Development of paper templates of rectangular container without lid & with lid,
circular drum, funnel, rectangular tray, hopper (any three). Cutting, bending,
rolling, shearing, etc. as related to the job. Soldering or clipping. Checking the
manufactured item as per dimension.

61
Bench work and fitting shop Purpose of Bench Work & Fitting Shop:
Study of different types of hand tools & their uses with specifications, care &
maintenance of different hand tools e.g. files, chisels, hammers, hacksaw with
frames, vice, divider, try square.
APP 320 Lasers and Fiber Optics (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To understand the fundamentals in Laser and Fiber Optics.
 To understand the applications of Laser and Fiber optics in health sector.
Course Outcomes;
Learners will be able to
 Understand the fundamentals and clinical applications of Laser and Fiber
Optics.
 Correlate the knowledge of medicine and engineering for the wellness of
human being.
 Understand the safety aspects while dealing with Laser and Fiber Optic
Units.
Course outlines;
Laser Fundamentals, Fundamental wave properties and quantum properties of
light, Energy levels and Radiative properties, Absorption and Stimulated Emission,
Laser Amplifiers, Laser Oscillation above threshold, Requirements for obtaining
Population Inversion, Laser pumping requirements and techniques, Laser
Resonators, Cavity modes, Laser interaction with tissue- Effects and principles,
Thermal interaction between laser and tissue.

62
Laser Types, construction and working Laser system involving low-density
gain medium, Laser system involving high-density gain medium.
Laser safety Practical Laser Safety requirements, Environmental safety,
Equipment safety, personnel protection, Education/training for handling laser
equipment, Role of Laser Safety officer, Standards of practice for the use of Laser
in medicine and Surgery, Recommendation Regarding the Laser safety officer,
Hospital Laser Committee .
Optic Fibers Fundamentals Light transmission in optical fibers- principles,
optical properties of optical fibers,
Fiber materials, Types of Optical fibers, Modes, Losses, Fabrication of optical
Fibers, Methods and Principle, Fiber Splicing, Fiber optic imaging, Biomedical
Optical fibers, in vivo Applications.
Laser and Fiber Optics in surgery Introduction, fiber optic laser systems in
cardiovascular disease, gastroenterology, gynecology, neurosurgery, oncology,
ophthalmology, orthopedics, otolaryngology (ENT), urology, and flow diagram for
laser angioplasty, Laser and Fiber optics used in Skin.
Endoscopy Basic Principle, System components and functions, Types of
endoscopes, Video. Endoscopes, Accessories, Maintenance, Endoscopy Processing
room requirements, Medical Application, Leakage tester and Trouble shooting.
References:
 Therapeutic Lasers – G David Baxter – Churchill Living stone publications
 Medical Laser and their safe use – David H Shiny Stiffen and L Trokel
Springer Publications
 Element of Fiber optics – S. L. Wymer Regents PHI
 Lasers in Urologic Surgery – Joseph A.Smith,Jr, Barry S.Stein, Ralph
C.Benson,Jr, Mosby Publication

63
 Laser Fundamentals-William T.Silfvast, Cambridge University Press
 Lasers in Medicine, Volume-1, Hans K. Koebner, John Wiley & Sons.
APP321 Thermodynamics and heat transfer (C.hr 3)
Course objective;
To understand the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which are the
foundations of energy conversion processes, and the conduction, convection and
radiation modes of heat transfer.
Course outcomes;
 Provide a thorough understanding of applications of classical heat transfer
to practical problems.
 Introduce the analytical and numerical solutions for heat transfer analysis.
 Provide limited design experiences for systems requiring significant
consideration of heat transfer.
Course outlines;
 Introduction to thermodynamics: basic definitions, units, notation
conventions, property and state.
 Energy and the first law of thermodynamics; energy balance for closed
systems.
 Evaluating properties.
 Energy balance for control volumes.
 Second law of thermodynamics.
 Entropy and second law entropy balances.
 Vapour power cycles.

64
 Gas power cycles.
 Refrigeration cycles.
 Introduction to conduction, radiation, and convection heat transfer.
 Thermal conduction theory
 Multi-dimensional steady state conduction
 Unsteady state conduction
 Boundary layer theory
 The analytical solution of external and internal flow
 Phase change heat transfer, including boiling and condensation
 Natural convection introduction
 Turbulence flow introduction.
References :
 Bejan， A., Convection Heat Transfer, John Wiley & Sons, 1995
 Kays W M, Crawford M Convective Heat and Mass Transfer; McGraw
Hill; 1980.
APP322 Automation &Robotics (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To introduce to basics of Robotics, Kinematics, Inverse Kinematics, vision
and motion planning.
 To introduce to various applications of Robots in Medicine.
Course Outcomes;
A Learner will be able to
 Design basic Robotics system and formulate Kinematic, Inverse Kinematic
motion planning solutions for various Robotic configurations.
 Design Robotic systems for Medical application.

65
Course outlines;
Introduction Automation and Robots, Classification, Application, Specification,
Notations , Direct Kinematics Dot and cross products, Coordinate frames,
Rotations, Homogeneous coordinates Link coordination arm equation, (Five- axis
robot, Four-axis robot, Six-axis robot , Inverse Kinematics General properties of
solutions tool configuration Five axis robots, Three-Four axis, Six axis
robot(Inverse Kinematics). Workspace analysis and trajectory planning work
envelope and examples, workspace fixtures, Pick and place operations, Continuous
path motion, Interpolated motion, Straight-line motion. , Robot Vision Image
representation, Template matching, Polyhedral objects, Shane analysis,
Segmentation (Thresholding, region labeling, Shrink operators, Swell operators,
Euler numbers, Perspective transformation, structured illumination, Camera
calibration). , Task Planning Task level programming, Uncertainty, Configuration,
Space, Gross motion, Planning, Grasp Planning, Fine-motion planning, Simulation
of planar motion, Source and Goal scenes, Task Planner simulation.
Applications in Biomedical Engineering Application in rehabilitation, Clinical and
Surgery.
References:
 Robotics and AI, Staughard, Prentice Hall Of India.
 Industrial Robotics - Grover, Wiess, Nagel, Oderey, McGraw Hill.
 Robotics and Mechatronics. Walfram Stdder,
 Introduction to Robotics, Niku, Pearson Education.
 Robot Engineering, Klafter, Chmielewski, Negin, Prentice Hall Of India.
 Robotics and Control, Mittal, Nagrath, Tata McGraw Hill publications

66
ELE 323 Signals and Systems (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To introduce the concepts and techniques associated with the understanding
of signals and systems such as the basic parameters, properties and
interaction of signals and system.
 To familiarize with techniques suitable for analyzing and synthesizing
signals and systems both in continuous as well as discrete time domain.
Course Outcomes;
Upon the completion of this course, the students should demonstrate the ability to:
Represent signals and system mathematically, determine basic parameters,
transformation signal independent variable, describing continuous and discrete
systems in terms of differential and difference equations respectively. Derive and
calculate convolution sum and integral of LTI systems, properties of system in
terms of impulse response. Determine Fourier series representation of CT &DT
signals, properties of Fourier series, determine CT and DT Fourier transform of
both periodic and non-periodic signals, Properties, and convergence issues. Derive
and determine Laplace transform, region of convergence, application of Laplace
transform .inverse Laplace transform. Derive and determine z-transform, ROC and
the properties .inverse z-transform, application of z-transform. Block diagram
representation of the system function. Pole zero plots.
Course outlines;
Introduction to Signals and Systems Definition of signals and systems,
Communication and control systems as examples, Classification of signals:
Continuous time and discrete time, even, odd, periodic and non-periodic,
Deterministic and non-deterministic, energy and power. Operations on signals:
Amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, differentiation, integration

67
(Accumulator for DT), time scaling, time shifting and folding, precedence rule.
Elementary signals: exponential, sine, step, impulse and its properties, ramp,
Rectangular, triangular, signum, sinc functions. Systems: Definition,
Classification: linear and nonlinear, time variant and invariant, causal and no
causal, static and dynamic, stable and unstable, invertible.
System Analysis System modeling: Input output relation, impulse response,
Block diagram, integro-differential equation. Definition of impulse response,
Convolution integral, convolution sum, computation of convolution integral using
Graphical method and analytical method. Properties of convolution, system
Interconnection, system properties in terms of impulse response, step response in
Terms of impulse response.
Fourier Analysis of Continuous Time Signals Orthogonal functions,
Representation of signals in terms of weighted orthogonal basis functions,
Coefficient calculation based on minimum square error. Fourier series:
Representation of Fourier series in terms of sine, cosine, exponential functions.
The complex Fourier spectrum, Properties of Fourier series, Power Density
Spectrum. Convergence of Fourier series, Gibbs phenomenon, Fourier transform
and its properties. Fourier transform of singular functions. Energy density
spectrum.
Fourier series of discrete time signal harmonically related complex exponential,
Determination of discrete time Fourier series – Properties, Discrete time Fourier
transform – Properties, Fourier Transform of periodic signals
Laplace Transform Double sided Laplace transforms, Region of Convergence,
properties, Unilateral Laplace Transform, properties, applications of Laplace
transform to the solution of differential equations. Relationship between Laplace
and Fourier transform

68
Z Transformation Definition, Region of Convergence, properties and inverse of
z transform. Long division method, partial fraction expansion method, residue
method – one-sided Z-transform –properties – initial value & final value theorem-
solution of LCCDE with initial conditions – zero input response and zero state
response - system function – poles and zeros – basic concept of BIBO stability.
Analysis of discrete time systems using Z−transform. Relationship between
Laplace and Z transform.
References:
 G.E. Carlson ―Signals and Linear System Analysis‖, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
 S. Haykin, and B.V. Veen, ―Signals and Systems‖, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 Oppenheim and Willsky, ―Signals and Systems‖, Prentice Hall.
 ProakisJ. G. & Manolakis D. G., Digital Signal Processing, Principles,
algorithms & applications, Pearson Education
 Ramesh Babu P., Signals and Systems, Scitech Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
 Charles L. Phillips, John M. Parr & EveARiskin, Signals, Systems and
Transforms, Pearson Education.
ELE 324 Power Electronics (C.hr3)
Course Outlines;
Power Electronics: Phase controlled rectifiers/ Inverter circuits, step
Down & step up choppers. Two quadrant chopper, DC link Inverter single
Phase cyclo-converter, three-phase cyclo-converter.
Thyristors: Thyristor, Thyristor controlled VAR Controllers, SCR, DIAC,
TRIAC.

69
Motor Controllers and Drives: D.C. & A.C. Drives, Speed control of motors,
stepper motor Drive.
Transducers: Principles and design, Speed, Position, Temperature, light
& Pressure transducers, Programmable logic controller, PLC interfacing,
Memory processor. Applications of power electronics in medical equipment.
Power Supplies: Regulated and switched mode power supplies.
References:
 M.H.Rashid ―Power electronic, circuits‘ devices and application Pearson -
prentice, Hall 3d edition 2004.
 M.Mohan .T.M. Undeland and WP. Robbins‖ Power electronic, convert
Application and design: John Wiley 2nd
edition 1995.
 A.S. Sedra & K.C. Smith. Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University
Press.
 Malvino, Principles of Electronic Devices.
 Thomas L. Floyd, Electronic Devices.
ELE 325 Electrical Network Analysis and Synthesis (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To provide a methodical approach to problem solving.
 To learn a number of powerful engineering circuit analysis techniques such
as nodal analysis, mesh analysis, theorems, source transformation and
several methods of simplifying networks. To understand the concept of
graphical solution to electrical network to understand frequency response in
electrical circuits.

70
Course Outcomes;
 Students will develop expertise in designing and analyzing basic electronic
circuits that used as basic building blocks in various communication
systems. The knowledge gained will develop ability in them for
understanding industry requirement and to design/offer customized solutions
as needed.
 The student will be able to obtain solution to problems in electrical network
using different techniques, obtain graphical solution to electrical network,
solve problems on frequency response, and synthesize transfer functions in
different forms.
Course outlines;
Introduction Review of D.C. & A.C. circuits, DC Circuits: Current & Voltage
Source Transformation, Source Shifting.
Mesh & Node Analysis Mesh & Node Analysis of D.C. & A.C. circuits with
independent & dependent sources. (Introduction to coupled circuits).
Network Theorems (D.C. & A.C. circuits): Superposition, The venin’s &
Norton‘s Theorem (with independent and dependent sources), Maximum power
transfer theorem.
Circuit Analysis Introduction to Graph Theory. Tree, link currents, branch
voltages, cut set & tie set, Mesh & Node Analysis, Duality.
Time and Frequency Response of Circuits First & second order Differential
equations, initial conditions. Evaluation &Analysis of Transient Steady state
responses using Classical Technique as well
As by Laplace Transform (for simple circuits only). Transfer function, Concept
Of poles and zeros.
Two-Port Networks Concept of two-port network. Driving point and Transfer
Functions, Open Circuit impedance (Z) parameters, Short Circuit admittance (Y)

71
parameters, Transmission (ABCD) parameters. Inverse Transmission (A‘B‘C‘D‘)
parameters. Hybrid (h) parameters. Inter Relationship of different parameters.
Interconnections of two-port networks. Terminated two-port networks.
Fundamentals of Network Synthesis Positive real functions, Driving Point
functions, Properties of positive real functions. Testing Positive real functions.
Testing driving point functions, maximum modulus theorem, properties of Hurwitz
polynomials, Residue computations, Even & odd functions, Driving Point
Synthesis with L-C, R-C, R-L and R-L-C networks.
References:
 Artice M. Davis, Linear Circuit Analysis, Thomson Asia Pte. Ltd,
Singapore, first edition, 2001.
 M.E. Van Altenburg, Network Analysis, Prentice Hall of India, third edition
 C.L.Wadhwa, Network Analysis and Synthesis, New Age International
Publisher, Third Edition.
ELE 326 Electronic Circuits and Design – I (C.hr3)
Course Objectives;
This course provides basic platform to understand various electronic components
and concepts used in electronic systems. Working, analysis, advantages,
shortcomings and application of various electronic systems such as diodes, various
transistors, multistage amplifiers etc. is covere in detail. Designing and
implementing these electronic systems in laboratory is the key component of the
course.
Course Outcomes;
 Student will be able to design and implement amplifiers as per the
specifications given. It will be possible to analyze given electronic system at
the circuit level.

72
Course outlines;
Diode Circuits Basics of PN junction diode - Equation, characteristics.
Clipper and Clamper Circuits, Zenger Diode –working, Characteristics
Bipolar Junction Transistor Working of PNP and NPN Transistor.
Configurations (CB, CC, CE), comparison, Q-Point, DC load line. BJT Biasing -
DC analysis, Stability. (Fixed, Self, Voltage divider, Collector to base, Collector to
base self). BJT as a switch.
A.C. Equivalent Model, h-parameter model (Exact and Approximate). A.C.
Analysis: A.C. load line, A.C. analysis of amplifiers using CE, CB and CC
configurations considering effect of Rs and RL, Comparison between various
amplifiers. Low frequency and High frequency model, Frequency response of
Single stage amplifier. Design of single stage amplifier using BJT.
Junction Field Effect Transistor Working and basic terminology related to
JFET. Configurations (CS, CG, CD), comparison, Q-Point, DC load line. JFET
Biasing – Fixed, Self, Voltage divider, Concept of stability against device
parameters and temperature, zero temperature drift. A.C. Equivalent model of
JFET. A.C. Analysis of amplifiers using CS, CG and CD configurations.
Considering effect of Rs and RL, Comparison between various amplifiers. Low
frequency and High frequency model, Frequency response of Single stage
amplifier. Design of single stage amplifier using JFET.
MOSFET Working of Depletion and Enhancement MOSFET. Characteristics and
equations. Basic MOSFET Applications: Switch, Digital Logic Gate and
Amplifier.
Multistage Amplifiers Cascade: BJT-BJT, FET-BJT. Cascade – DC and AC
analysis, characteristics and applications. Darlington - DC and AC analysis,
characteristics and applications..

73
References:
 Malvino—Electronic Principles, 6/e, TMH
 Millman & Halkias: Basic Electronic Principles; TMH.
 Martin roden, Gordon carpenter, William wieseman, Electronic design,
Fourth edtion, sroff Publishers.
 Donald Schilling & Charles belove, electronic circuits discrete and
integrated, third edition, Mcgraw Hill.
ELE 327 Electronic Circuits and Design – II (C.hr 3)
Course Objective;
The course covers the basic principles of Linear Integrated Circuit and Operational
Amplifiers in particular their analysis, design and applications. Few practical and
Specific IC chips are studied.
Course Outcome;
To acquire the ability to design practical circuits by selecting proper IC chips
needed for a particular application.
Course outlines;
Feedback and Stability Introduction to Feedback, Basic Feedback Concepts.
Ideal Close-Loop Gain, Gain Sensitivity Bandwidth Extension, Noise
Sensitivity, Reduction of Non-Linear distortion. Ideal Feedback Topologies,
Series-Shunt, Shunt-Series, Series-Series, Shunt-Shunt Configurations, Voltage
(Series-Shunt) Amplifiers, Current (Shunt-Series) Amplifiers, Trans-Conductance
(Series-Series) Amplifiers, Trans-Resistance (Shunt-Shunt) Amplifiers, Stability of
Feedback Circuit.

74
Output Stage and Power Amplifiers Classes of power amplifiers, class-A
Operation, class-B operation, class operation, Class C operation, Analysis of:
Class-A Power Amplifiers (Direct coupled and Transformer
Coupled), class-B Power amplifiers, class-AB push pull and complementary
Symmetry Power amplifier. Power amplifier design. Heat Sinks, design of Heat
Sinks.
Differential Amplifiers Basic Concept, characteristics. Types: Dual Input
Balanced Output, Dual Input Unbalanced Output, Single Input Balanced Output
And Single Input Unbalanced Output. Common mode and Differential mode
analysis - DC and AC analysis. Differential amplifiers with Swamping Resistor.
Constant current source, current mirror circuits and active loads
Operational Amplifier Circuit Design Introduction to an Ideal Operational
Amplifier , Operational Amplifier internal circuit, Block Diagram, DC
Characteristics, AC Characteristics and equivalent circuit of Op-amp,Op-amp IC
741 characteristics and its features (Ideal and Practical), Open loop, closed loop
concept, frequency response and concept of virtual ground. Modes of operation:
Inverting, Non-inverting, differential mode.
Operational Amplifiers Applications: Applications without using any
Feedback Voltage comparators (Inverting and Non- inverting) and Window
detectors, Zero detector
Applications using Negative Feedback Adder, Subtract or/differential Amplifier,
Voltage follower, Integrator (Practical and Ideal), Differentiator (practical and
Ideal), Instrumentation Amplifier, Voltage to Current and Current to Voltage
converters, Precision Diodes, Active Half wave rectifiers, Active Full wave
rectifier, Clipper, Clampers, Log and Antilog amplifiers, Sample & hold circuits,
Peak Detector, Gyrator, Negative Impedance convertor, Multipliers and Dividers.
Isolation Amplifier, Operational Trans conductance Amplifiers.

75
Applications are using Positive Feedback (Waveform generators) Schmitt
Trigger (Regenerative comparator), Square wave generator (A stable
Multivibrator), Constable Multivibrator, Triangular wave generator, Saw tooth
wave generator, Sine wave Generator (Oscillators)
Oscillators using Op-Amp Concepts of Oscillation. Barkhausen‗s criteria for an
oscillator. Types of oscillators: RC Phase shift Oscillator, Wien Bridge
oscillator,Colpitt‗s Oscillator, Hartley Oscillator, Crystal Oscillator, Clapp
Oscillator, Twin T oscillator, Tuned collector oscillator.(Phase shift, Frequency of
oscillation, condition of sustained oscillation, circuit operation and Amplitude
stability in the above oscillators).
References:
 Cirovic, M.M., ―Basic Electronic Devices, Circuits and Systems‖, Prectice-
Hall.
 Hayt and Neudeck, ―Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design‖, Houghton
Mifflin Company, Boston.
 Robert F. Coughlin, ―Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated
Circuits,4th
ed.
 Howard M.Berlin, Fundamental of Operational Amplifiers & Linear
Integrated Circuits.
 Reinaldo Perez, Design Of Medical Electronic Devices.
 Malvino, Principles of Electronic Devices.
 Thomas L. Floyd, Electronic Devices
 Integrated Electronics –Millman & Halkias.
 Opamps and linear integrated circuits, Theory and Applications- James Fiore
University.

76
ELE 328Transistor circuits (C.hr 3)
Course objectives
 Understand and analyze fundamental transistor circuit topologies.
 Understand and analyze DC bias and small signal gains for Bipolar Junction
Transistor (BJT) Amplifiers.
 Understand and analyze DC bias and small signal gains for Metal Oxide
Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) Amplifiers.
 Understand and analyze frequency response of BJT and MOSFET
amplifiers.
 Understand and analyze transistor based CMOS digital electronics building
blocks.
 Build, measure single, and multiple transistor circuits.
Course outcomes
 Students first learn the fundamental properties of diodes and transistors
through simple experiments.
 Students then analyze, design and construct electronic circuits at the
transistor and integrated circuit levels. Both digital and analog electronics
are covere, starting with single devices.
 Students gain detailed knowledge of the operation and design of multi-
transistor circuits.
Course outlines
 Diodes and Operational Amplifiers: Build your own power supply.
 Simple Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Amplifiers.
 Power Amplifiers: Build your own Hi-Fi system.
 Frequency Response of Simple Transistor Circuits.
 Differential Amplifiers and Op-Amp Basics.

77
 MOS Transistor Amplifiers.
 CMOS Digital Circuits.
References
 "Clive TEC Transistors Japanese Industrial Standards".
Clivetec.ocatch.com. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
 Lisa Zyga. "Carbon nanotube transistors could lead to inexpensive, flexible
electronics". 2011.
 Horowitz, P. and Hill, W.: The Art of Electronics, 2nd Ed., Cambridge Univ.
Press, 1989.
 Horowitz, M.: How to Build Solid-State Audio Circuits, Tab Books, 1972.
ELE 329 Logic Circuits (C.hr 3)
Course Objective;
 To make students aware of basics of Digital circuits, Logic designs various
Logic Families, Flip-flops, Design of various counters, registers and their
applications.
Course Outcome;
 Students will gain expertise on developing analog and digital circuits for
various applications in the field of Electronics and Instrumentation.
Course outlines;
Introduction: Number system, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal and other. Conversion
From One system to another, Binary, BCD and Hexadecimal. Binary Arithmetic
(Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) Hexadecimal and octal arithmetic,
First and second complement methods.

78
Binary Codes: Weighted Reflective, Sequential, Gray, Error detecting codes,
Odd, Even parity, Hamming Codes, Alphanumeric, Morse, Teletypewriter ASCII,
EBCDIC codes, Converting Binary to Gray & Gray to Binary, Conversion from
BCD to XS3. Application of gray code, shaft position encoding
Boolean algebra Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR, operation NAND,
NOR used of the universal gate for Performing different operation. Laws Of
Boolean algebra. De- Morgan‘s theorems. Relating a Truth Table to a Boolean
Expression. Multi-level circuits.
Combinational Circuits: K-MAPS and their use in specifying
BooleanExpressions, Minterm, Maxterm SOP and POS Implementation.
Implementation a Logic function using universal gates. Variable entered maps for
five and six
Variable functions Quine Mc Clusky tabular techniques. Combinational Logic
Circuit Design- Use of Multiplexers in Logic Design- Sequential Logic Circuits –
Registers- Logic Families.
References:
 James Brignell & Robert Donovan, ―Digital Electronics‖ , Delmar, Thomas
Learning,
 Jog N.K, ―Logic Circuits, 2nd edition, Nandu Publisher & Printer Pvt
.Ltd.1998.
 Alan b. Marcovitz, ―Introduction to Logic Design ―, McGraw Hill
International 2002.

79
ELE 330 Electronic Drawing (C.hr 3)
Course outlines
This course is an introduction to contemporary drawing. Manual and electronic
drawing skills will be acquired using traditional observational approaches and
experimental practices. Electronic and time-based media are integrate as tools that
augment the learning profile of contemporary drawing skills. By employing
diverse drawing media on varied surfaces, students will gain mastery and
confidence in the fundamental techniques of drawing. Drawing will be espouse as
a primary means of documentation, communication and self-expression. Students
will discover how a variety of materials and production techniques in drawing can
promote strong perceptual and conceptual development within the larger context of
the visual arts.
Course outcomes
 Understand and employ basic drawing skills using line, value, shape,
volume, texture
 Develop surface quality and depth, textural characteristics
 Understand and manipulate basic spatial relationships and perspective
 Abilities in articulating verbally using analytical, visual art vocabulary
 Become familiar and adept using a variety of drawing mediums
 Expand creative thinking and develop identity and style
 Understand basic spatial relationships and time based- concepts
 Apply learned approaches to independent work
 Develop a passion for drawing
 Enhance self-esteem in the artistic process.
References
 Angel, E. (2005) Interactive Computer Graphics: A Top-Down Approach
with OpenGL, Addison Wesley.

80
 Hearn, D. and M.P. Baker (2003) Computer Graphics with OpenGL,
Prentice Hall.
 Luna, F.D. (2003) Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 9.0,
Word ware Publishing.
ELE 331 Electronic Instruments and Control System
(C.hr 3)
Course Objective;
To make students learn basic principle of working and applications of various
Electronic Instruments. Time domain and Frequency domain analysis of dynamic
systems with concepts of stability.
Course Outcome;
Students will be able to effectively use Electronic Instruments in the laboratory for
various experiments. They will be able to analyze given systems and suggest
modifications.
Course outlines;
Electronic Instruments
Electronic and Digital Voltmeter Principle of Operation: Ammeter, Voltmeter
and Ohmmeter, Advantages of EVM over Conventional type Analog Voltmeter.
Factors involved in selection of Voltmeter. FET Voltmeter, Peak and Average
Responding voltmeter, True RMS responding voltmeter. Digital to Analog
Converter: Binary weighted and R-2R ladder. Analog to digital converter: Ramp
type, Dual Slope type, Successive Approximation type ADC, ADC 0808. DVM:
Ramp type, Dual Slope type, Successive Approximation type, Flash type DVM.
Resolution & Sensitivity. Multimeter: Working, Specifications

81
Frequency meter Digital frequency meter with various applications. Digital
Phase meter: Block Diagram and working. Signal Generator: Block diagram,
Specifications. Function Generator: Block diagram and working, Specifications.
Phase meter and Function generator Digital frequency meter with various
applications. Digital Phase meter: Block diagram and working. Signal Generator:
Block diagram, Specifications. Function Generator: Block diagram and working,
Specifications.
Oscilloscopes Block Diagram of C.R.O (in details). Requirements of Time base,
Delayed Time Base, Post deflection acceleration, were triggering. Description of
Panel Layout and working of controls. Specifications of CRO. Applications:
Measurement of voltage, current. Measurement of phase and frequency - Lissajous
Patterns, Intensity modulation, Velocity modulation. Component testing. Types:
Dual trace, Dual beam, Sampling, Analog Storage, Digital Storage, Digital readout
oscilloscope – Block diagram, working, applications and comparison.
Control Systems
Introduction to Control System Basic concepts of control systems, open loop and
closed loop systems, difference between open loop and closed loop systems,
classifications. Mathematical model of physical systems, transfer function, block
diagram algebra, signal flow graph (SFG), Masoin's gain formula, application of
SFG to control systems.
Time domain analysis Standard test signals: Step, ramp, parabolic and impulse
signals. Time response of first order systems to unit step and unit ramp inputs.
Time response of second order to unit step input. Time response specifications.
Steady state errors and error constants of different types of control systems
generalized error series method Transient Response.
Concepts of stability Necessary conditions of stability, Hurwitz stability criterion,
routh stability criterion, application of routh stability criterion to linear feedback

82
systems, relative stability. Root locus techniques: Root locus concepts, rules for
Construction of root loci, determination of root locus, root contours. Frequency
Domain analysis: Introduction bode plots, determination of stability from Bode
Plots, Nyquist stability criterion.
References:
 Control System, Theory & Applications: Samarjit Ghosh, Pearson Education
 System Dynamic and Control: Eroni Umez Erani., PWS Publishing,
International Thompson Publishing Company
ELE 332 Analog and Digital Circuits Design (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives
 To understand and provide knowledge of various Analog And Digital
Circuits Such as Timer IC 555, PLL IC, VCO, 723 voltage regulator .
 To understand different types of filters and design them for the given
specifications
Course Outcome
To acquire the ability to design practical circuits by selecting proper IC chips
needed for a particular application
Course outlines:
Waveform Generation IC’s IC 555 Functional Block diagram, Circuit diagram.
IC 555 in a stable Multi vibrator (AMV) functional diagram, circuit diagram
With application IC 555 in Monostable Multivibrator (MMV) functional diagram,
circuit diagram with application PLL (IC 565 or equivalent) circuit diagram, and its
applications VCO(IC 566) Circuit diagram and its applications. Function
Generator (IC 8038 or equivalent) Circuit diagram and its applications

83
Special Function IC’s F-V convertors and V-F convertors: Circuit diagram and its
applications Instrumentation Amplifier (AD 624 /AD 620) Circuit diagram and its
Applications, Monolithic Isolation. Amplifier moduleOpto-couplers, and Opto-
isolators, PWM (SG 3525 or equivalent). Circuit diagram and its applications,
Active Filters, Voltage Controllers and Regulators Analog switches, Relays:
Basic Types Functional block diagram of Voltage Regulators Types of voltage
regulators: Fixed voltage regulators (78XX and 79XX), Adjustable voltage
regulators, linear voltage regulator IC 723, Design of low voltage regulator and
high voltage regulator using 723.Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
Motors and Drivers Stepper, Servo, DC/AC Motors drivers and geared motors
(Basic operation and application).
References:
 Integrated Electronics –Millman & Halkias.
 Opamps and linear integrated circuits, Theory and Applications- James
Fiore.
 Power Electronics, P.C.Sen.
 Power Electronics, Dr.P.S.Bimbhra.
ELE 333 Biomedical Digital Signal Processing (C.hr 3)
Course objectives;
 After active participation in this course, students will be able to understand
the fundamental techniques and applications of digital signal processing with
emphasis on biomedical signals.
 Students should be able to do the following upon completion of this course
understand the basics of discrete time signals Understand Circular and linear
convolution and their implementation using DFT Analyze signals using
discrete Fourier transform.

84
 Understand efficient computation techniques such as DIT and DIF FFT
algorithms Design of FIR filters using window method Design of digital IIR
filters by designing prototype analog filters and then applying analog to
digital conversion.
Course outcome
This course will enable the students to Understand discrete time signals and
Systems and their classification. It will also equip them to design and implement
Various Digital filters and filter discrete time signals.
Course outlines:
Basic Elements of DSP concepts of frequency in analog and digital signals –
Discrete time signals and systems- Properties –Z-transform- linear & Circular
convolution- Correlation –DTFT Introduction to DFT-Properties of DFT,
Introduction DIT and DIF FFT algorithms. Use of FFT in linear filtering, Discrete
Cosine transforms Review of Design of analog Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters,
Frequency transformation in analog domain, Design of IIR Digital Filters using
Impulse invariance method-Design of digital Filters using Bilinear transformation
Structure of FIR filters-Linear phase filters –Filter design using window
technique- Frequency sampling techniques –Finite Word length effects in digital
filters. Realization of FIR &IIR filters direct, cascade and parallel forms-
Introduction to Digital signal Processors–Architecture –Features-addressing
formats-functional mode-introduction to commercial Processors. Application of
DSP in Biomedical Applications.
References:
 Digital signal processing – A.V. Oppenheim and R.W.Schafer- PHI

85
 Understanding Digital Signal Processing –Richard G. Lyons-3/ed Pearson
Publication
ELE 334 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives
 Students will learn the basics of Microcontroller designing and interfacing.
 Students will understand and improve programming concepts.
Course Outcomes
 Students will develop understanding of hardware design and will be able to
design controller based real time applications.
 Students will develop programming skills for designing and developing
automated and user-friendly systems.
Course outlines;
Embedded systems, Definition of embedded systems, overview of embedded
systems and its classification, design challenges, processor technology, IC
technology, design technology and tradeoffs, examples of embedded systems.
MCS-51 Microcontroller 8051 architecture ; its variants and comparison,
comparison of microprocessor and microcontrollers, CPU timing and machine
cycle, memory organization, SFR‘s, integrated peripherals such as timers/counters,
serial ports, parallel I/O ports, interrupt structure, memory interfacing power
saving and power down modes.
8051programming Assembly language programming process, programming tools,
Instruction set in detail and addressing modes, Programming practice using
assembly and C compilers.
Microcontroller design and interfacing case studies Interfacing with external
memories, Interfacing with 8255, Interfacing with 7segment display, Interfacing

86
with keyboard, interfacing with LCD, Interfacing with ADC,DAC and Sensors,
Interfacing with stepper motor Interfacing with PC using RS232.
Serial Communication Protocols Operation of serial port, programming for
asynchronous serial communication, Serial Communication using the ‗I2C‘, SPI,
Introduction to USB & CAN bus.
References:
 Sriram Iyer and Pankaj Gupta, Embedded Realtime systems programming,
Tata McGraw Hill
 Embedded Microcomputer Systems- Real time Interfacing –Valvano.
EME 335 Human Anatomy and Physiology (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To understand the human anatomy and functions of various body structures.
 To understand different physiological processes taking place inside human
body.
Course Outcome;
Students will be well verse with the anatomy and physiology of human
body. By this, they will be able to correlate the knowledge of medicine and
engineering for development of various Instrumentation University.
Course outlines;
Anatomy Cell: Structure and functions, Basic tissues and their functions in brief.
Outline of structures of the following system. Cardiovascular System, Respiratory
System, Alimentary System, Central Nervous System. Reproductive System,
Urinary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System, Endocrine System, Special
Organs – Eye and Ear, Integumentary system.

87
Physiology Cardiovascular System Heart, Conductive tissues of heart, Cardiac
cycle, Heart Valves, System and Pulmonary Circulation, Transmission of Cardiac
Impulse, Blood Pressure, ECG.
Respiratory System Respiration external (Ventilation) Exchange in gases in the
alveoli, Artificial respiration. Spiro meter
Blood Composition of Blood – Blood cells and their functions. Cell counting,
Hemoglobin, Blood groups, Coagulation, Blood transfusion.
Muscle Physiology Muscle physiology and aspects of skin resistance
Alimentary System All organs of the digestive system, other secretions
In addition, main Functions. Deglutition and defecation
Excretory System Structure of Nephron, formation of urine and function of
Kidney, Urinary Bladder, urethra, internal / external sphincters.
Nervous System Different parts, their functions. Reflex actions and reflex are,
Function of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system. Never conduction
and action potentials.
Eyes and Ears Eyes-Structure, Refractive Medias of the eye, formation of image
on the Retina, Ophthalmoscope. Ear – Structure of Cochlea, Hearing mechanism,
type of Deafness. Hearing aid.
Reproductive System (Male and Female) Different organs and their functions.
Main actions of Androgens, Estrogen and Progesterone.
Endocrine System All glands, their secretions and functions. Control Of
secretions.
References:
 Snell, Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students 5PP &6th
ed.
 Gerard J.Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, -10th
ed

88
 Gerard J. Tortora, Principles Of Human Anatomy Along With (APhotographic
Atlas Of The Human Body)
 Ellis, Horlad, Clinical Anatomy. A Revision and Applied Anatomy for Clinical
Students10th ed.
 P
 Frederic H. Martini Human Anatomy (4th Edition), et al
 Human Anatomy Plus Human Anatomy Place CD-ROM and Access to Human
Elaine N. Marieb, Anatomy Place Website (4th Edition) et al
 Michael McKinley, Human Anatomy Valerie O'Loughlin
 .Physiology of Human Body. : Guyton. (Prism Book)
 . Review of Medical Physiology: William Ganong. (Prentice Hall Int)
 Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: Tortora and Grabowski. (Harper
Collin Pub)
 Anatomy and Physiology: Elaine N Marieb. (Pearson Education).
EME 336 Electrophysiology (C.hr 3)
Course outcomes:
Students who complete this course will:
 Understand basic concepts of electrophysiology understand analogies
between active/passive electrical circuits and electrophysiology.
 Understand the function of organs and systems in the body relevant to
electrophysiology.
 Know the tools used to monitor and quantify the electrophysiological
properties of biological systems.
Course outlines;
 Membrane biophysics.
 Extracellular fields.

89
 Cellular analysis technologies.
 Electrophysiology of the heart.
 Skeletal muscle.
 Functional neuromuscular stimulation.
 Interface circuitry/systems.
 Advanced electrophysiological analysis systems.
Bioelectric Current Loops Membrane Currents • Conduction along an
Intracellular Path • Conduction along an Extracellular Path • Duality
Membrane Polarization Polarized State • Depolarized State
Action Potentials Cardiac Action Potentials • Nerve Action Potentials • Wave
Shape and Function
Initiation of Action Potentials Threshold
Propagation Numerical Model • Sequence of Action Potentials • Biophysical
Basis • Velocity of Propagation • Transmembrane Current • Movement of the
Local Current Loop
Extracellular Waveforms Spatial Relation to Intracellular • Temporal Relation to
Intracellular.
References:
 Bioelectricity: A Quantitative Approach, 3rd edition, Plonsey and Barr,
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers (2007).
 Barr, R. C. ―Basic Electrophysiology.‖ The Biomedical Engineering
Handbook: Second Edition. Ed. Joseph D. Bronzino Boca Raton: CRC Press
LLC, 2000.

90
EME 337 Biomedical Instrumentation-I (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives
With an invent of various new diseases and anomalies the correct diagnosis of the
Patient has become a challenge. The medical awareness among patients and
Various litigations point to a need of newer diagnostics equipment. Advancement
of technology in biomedical engineering has resulted in various state of art
diagnostics equipment. To enable students to understand the basic principal,
working and design of various automated diagnostic equipment.
Course Outcomes
 Students will demonstrate the principles of electronics used in designing
various diagnostic equipment.
 Students will be able to understand the working principle and applications of
various diagnostic equipment. Students who can participate and succeed in
competitive exams
Course outlines;
Basic principle, technical specification, working and applications of Laboratory
Instruments:
 Spectrophotometer
 Colorimeter
 Electrolyte Analyzer
 Blood cell counter
 Auto-analyzer
 Blood gas analyzer
Basic principle, technical specification, working and applications of Laboratory
Instruments:
 Electrophoresis and types
 Chromatography
 ELISA concepts (direct and indirect), reader & washer

91
 Microscopes and its types: optical compound, electron microscope,
Fluorescence microscope.
 Blood Flow Measurement, Pulmonary Function analyzer and Ventilator
 Heart Lung machine and types of artificial oxygenator, Audiometers.
References:
 Cromwell, Bio-Medical Instrumentation & Measures 2th ed
 Walter Welhowitz, Sid Deutsch and Metin Alsey, Biomedical Instruments:
Theory & Design, Academic Press, Inc.
 R.S. Khandpur, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Co.
 Hauptmarn, P., Sensors Principles and Applications Prentice Hall.
 John G. Webster (Editor), Bioinstrumentation
 John G. Webster (Editor), Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design
 Donald L. Wise, Bioinstrumentation and Biosensors
 Richard Normann, Principles of Bioinstrumentation
 Donald L. Wise (Editor), Bioinstrumentation: Research, Developments and
Applications.
 Encyclopedia of medical devices and instrumentation - J.G. Webster Vol I,
II, III, IV (John Willey).
 Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology by Carr.-Brown (Pearson
Education Pub).
 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering – Joseph Bronzino (CRC Press).

92
EME 338 Biomedical Instrumentation-II (C.hr 3)
Course objectives
The day-by-day rising cost of medical diagnosis has created a thrust for point of
care diagnostic tools. There is well lay network of various communication
channels. Students will be able to understand the basic principle of generation of
various bioelectric signals, their non-invasive capture, recording, transmission and
various issues involved. Further with some examples it builds the design
perspective for low cost point of care devices which is the need of an hour
Course Outcomes
 Students will demonstrate the principles of electronics used in designing
various diagnostic equipment.
 Students will be able to understand the working principle and applications of
various diagnostic equipment. Students who can participate and succeed in
competitive exams.
Course outlines;
Generation of Bioelectric Potentials, Biophysical signal capture, processing and
recording systems (with technical specifications), Biofeedback Technique: EEG,
EMG, Patient Monitoring System, Arrhythmia and Ambulatory Monitoring
Instruments, Point of care devices and their design considerations for homecare
devices, Foetal and Neonatal Monitoring System, Biotelemetry, Telemedicine
concepts and its application.
Physiotherapy, Electrotherapy equipment: Basic principle, working and
technical specifications of Shortwave Diathermy, Ultrasonic therapy unit, Infrared
and UV lamps, Nerve and Muscle Stimulator.
Surgical Instruments: Surgical Diathermy machine, electrodes used with surgical
Diathermy, safety aspects in electronic surgical units, surgical diathermy analyzers.

93
Cardiac Pacemakers: Modes of operation, leads and electrodes. Power supply
Sources. External and Implantable Pacemaker, Performance aspects of Implantable
Pacemaker.
Cardiac Defibrillators: DC defibrillator, Modes of operation and electrodes,
Performance aspects of dc-defibrillator, defibrillator analyzers. Implantable
defibrillator and defibrillator analyzer.
Hemodialysis Machine: Basic principle of Dialysis and its type. Different types
of dialyzer membrane, Portable type. Various monitoring circuits.
References:
 John G. Webster (Editor), Medical Instrumentation 2&3th ed.
 Bengt Nolting, Methods in Modern Physics.
 Cromwell, Bio-Medical Instrumentation & Measures 2th ed.
 I.D. Campbell & Ragmod A. Dwel, Biological Spectroscopy. The Benjamin
Publications.
 Ramrit Sood, Medical Laboratory Technology: Methods and Interpretations,
2003, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi.
 Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weiball and Erich, A. Pleiffer, Biomedical
Instrumentation and Measurements, Prentice Hall , India
 Joseph, J. Carr, John, M. Brown, Introduction to Biomedical Equipment
Technology, Prentice Hall Career & Technology.
 Mary C. Haven (Editor), et al, Laboratory Instrumentation.
 James W. Dally, William, Instrumentation For Engineering Measurements-
2th ed.

94
EME 339 Biomaterials and Biomechanics (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To understand the fundamentals of materials used for manufacturing
implants, prosthesis and orthoses that has wide application in healthcare
industry.
 To understand the optimal performance of the biomaterials biologic2ally
and its biocompatibility with the human system.
 Students should know the basis of manufacturing processes, effective
implementation of biomaterials after surface testing and final implantation.
They should be aware of the properties of different biomaterials used and
several biological substitutes. They should be aware of the quality testing
and the approval by ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials).
 Students interested in continuum mechanics theory and its application to
living tissue modeling.
Course Outcomes;
This course assigned lectures, tutorials, assignments and industrial visit that
enables the students to understand the definition of biomaterials, its classification
and its surface analysis techniques. The various metallic and ceramic material used
for manufacturing of the implants. Several biodegradable polymers and ceramics
are utilize for the comfort of the patients, which hydrolizes in situ. Bioglass like
45S5, which has certain amounts of elements in specified proportion, used for
biomedical applications in optical areas. The students get awareness about the
testing of the biomaterials done biologically before implantation in the human
body.

95
Course outlines:
Introduction of Biomaterials, Classification of Biomaterials, General
Applications
Properties, Applications of Metallic Biomaterials, and its Biocompatibility
Stainless steel, Titanium, Titanium based alloys, Cobalt –
Chromium alloys in fabrication of bio-devices and implants.
Properties and Applications of Polymeric Biomaterials Classification,
polyurethanes, PTFE, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyacrylates, PMMA,
PHEMA, Hydrogel, Silicone rubber, Biopolymer in fabrication of bio devices and
implants, Thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics.
Composite Biomaterials and Applications of Composite
Biomaterials in fabrication of bio devices and implants, Different fabrication
Processes.
Properties, Applications of Ceramic Biomaterials, and Applications of
Composite Biomaterials in fabrication of bio devices and implants, Different
fabrication processes.
Properties and Applications of Degradable Biomaterials Polymers & Ceramics
in fabrication of bio devices and implants.
Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Replacements Properties and Applications of
Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Replacements, Bulk Space Fillers, Maxillofacial
Implants, Fluid transfer Implants, Functional Load carrying and supporting
implants, percutaneous devices, Biomaterials in urological practice, Drug
Delivery systems, Heart valves, Artificial kidney (dialyzer membrane),
Techniques for characterization of Surface properties of Biomaterials Electron
Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), Secondary Ion Mass
Spectrometry (SIMS), Infrared Spectroscopy, Contact Angle Method, Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM).

96
Biological Testing of Biomaterials Physiochemical Test, Mechanical Test, In
vitro and in vivo types, Different forms of corrosion, Wear, Electrochemical
Corrosion Testing. Mathematics and continuum mechanics: Tensor analysis,
Deformation and Strain, Conservation Laws, Invariance; Constitutive Laws
(Elastic Solids, Newtonian Fluids), bending and buckling, fluid-solid interaction
• Biomechanics: Arterial wall mechanics, heart valves, blood rheology, biopolymer
mechanics, cytoskeleton regeneration, tissue engineering.
References:
 Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation: John G. Webster.
Vol. I, II, III, IV (Marcel Dekkar Pub).
 Encyclopedia – Handbook of Biomaterials and Bioengineering: Part-A:
Materials Vol I, II (Marcel Dekkar Pub) Part – B: Applications Vol. I, II.
 Design Engineering on Biomaterials for medical devices: David Hill, John
Willey Publication
 Biological Performance of Materials, 2nd Edition – Jonathan Black, Marcel
Dekker Inc. New York. Basel. Hong Kong.
EME 340 Modeling and Simulation of physiological systems
(C.hr 3)
Course Objective
To make students understand basic concepts of modeling, which will help them,
develop biological model and simulate physiological processes for better
understanding.
Course Outcomes
 The students will be able to design hardware and develop software for
various

97
Biomedical systems.
 Students will learn to use various simulation software for
Modeling biological systems.
Course outlines;
Physiological Modeling Steps in Modeling, Purpose of Modeling, lumped
parameter models, distributed parameter models, compartmental modeling,
modeling of circulatory system, regulation of cardiac output and respiratory system
Model of Neurons Biophysics tools, Nernst Equation, Donnan Equilibrium,
Active Transport ( Pump) GHK equation, Action Potential, Voltage Clamp,
Channel Characteristics, Hodgkin- Huxley Conductance Equations, Simulation of
action potential, Electrical Equivalent model of a biological membrane, impulse
Propagation- core conductor model, cable equations.
Neuromuscular System modeling of skeletal muscle, mono and polysynaptic
reflexes, stretch reflex, reciprocal innervations, two control mechanism, Golgi
tendon, experimental validation, Parkinson‘s syndrome..
Eye Movement Model Four eye movements, quantitative eye movement models,
validity criteria, Thermo regulatory systems.
Modelling of other physiological systems, modelling the Immune response,
Modelling of Drug delivery systems. Modelling of Insulin Glucose feedback
system and Pulsatile Insulin secretion.
References:
 Donald R. Cooper, Pamela S. Chridler, Business Research Methods, Irwin
McGraw Hill.
 Arlene Finch, Conducting Research Literature Reviews, Sage Publications
 John W. Creswell, Research Design: Quantitative & Qualitative Approaches,
Sage Publications.

98
EME 341 Medical Imaging –I (C.hr 3)
Course objectives
 To familiarize the students with the various imaging techniques in medicine
operating principles and quality control aspects of various imaging
modalities.
 To keep the students abreast with the technological developments in the field
of Medical Imaging
Course outcomes
The students will able to understand essential physics, concepts of, Medical
Imaging, and how they are employ in diagnosis and therapy. The students will also
get familiar with the current techniques of medical Imaging along with their
clinical applications. The students will also be able to apprehend the importance of
radiation constructive utilization and safety.
Course outlines;
Ultrasound in Medicine Introduction, Production and Characteristics of
Ultrasound Display System: A mode, B mode and M mode display and
applications. Ultrasound transducers and Instrumentation. Real time Ultrasound,
Continuous wave and pulsed wave Doppler Ultrasound systems, color flow-
imaging, applications.
X- Ray Imaging Properties of X rays, production of x rays, x ray interaction with
matter. Total radiographic System: X –ray tubes, Rating of X ray tubes. X –ray
generators, x ray Image and beam Limiting Deices, Controls, X ray Film
Development Technique.
Fluoroscopic Imaging and x- ray Image Intensifier Digital subtraction
Angiography, Computed Radiography and Digital Radiography, Mammography,

99
Medical Thermography: Physics of thermography, Thermographic equipment,
Applications.
Endoscopy: Equipment, Imaging and its applications.
References:
 Biomedical Technology and Devices by James Moore.
 Biomedical Engineering Handbook by Bronzino.
 Physics of Diagnostic images –Dowsett.
EME 342 Medical Imaging –II (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To familiarize the learners with the various imaging techniques in medicine
operating principles and quality control aspects of various imaging
modalities.
 To keep the learners abreast with the technological developments in the
field of Medical Imaging
Course Outcomes;
A Learner will able to
 Understand essential physics, concepts of medical imaging and how they
are employ in diagnosis and therapy.
 Get familiar with the current techniques of medical Imaging along with
their clinical applications.
 To apprehend the importance of radiation constructive utilization and
safety.
Course outlines:
Principle of Computed tomography Scanner configurations/generations, CT
system. Scanning unit(gantry), detectors, data acquisition system, spiral CT,

100
scanner parameters, CT Number Reconstruction techniques, Radon Transform,
Filtered Back projection, Fourier Reconstruction Technique, Iterative
reconstruction Technique, Image quality and artifacts, Clinical applications of CT,
Advancements in CT Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), Flat panel
detectors CT-Angiography contrast agents in CT, Advancements in CT
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hardware: Magnets, Gradient systems, RF coils,
Fourier Reconstruction techniques, Image contrast, Resolution and Factors
affecting signal-to-noise. Safety Considerations/Biological Effects of MRI Pulse
sequence in MRI, Contrst agents MR Angiography, Perfusion MRI, Clinical
Applications.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) Basic Principle of MRS and
localization techniques, Chemical Shift Imaging, Single voxel and Multivoxel
MRS, Water Suppression techniques.
References:
 Biomedical Technology and Devices by James Moore.
 Biomedical Engineering Handbook by Bronzino.
 Physics of Diagnostic images –Dowsett.
EME 343 Digital Image Processing (C.hr 3)
Course objectives
Introduce to the students the basic theory of digital image processing.
Expose students to various available techniques and possibilities of this field.
Learn basic image enhancement, transforms, segmentation, compression,
Morphology, representation, description techniques & algorithms. Prepare students
to formulate solutions to general image processing problems.

101
Develop hands-on experience in using computers to process images.
Familiarize with MATLAB / C/ Lab view/ similar software for processing digital
Images.
Course outcomes
Students shall demonstrate the ability:
 To acquire the fundamental concepts of a digital image processing system
such as image acquisition, enhancement, segmentation, transforms,
compression, morphology, representation and description.
 To analyze images in the spatial domain.
 To analyze images in the frequency domain through the Fourier transform.
 To design and implement with MATLAB/C/Lab view algorithms for digital
image processing operations such as point processing, histogram
processing, spatial and frequency domain filtering, denoising, transforms,
compression, and morphological Processing.
Course outlines;
Basics of Image Processing Image acquisition, Processing, Communication,
Display; Electromagnetic spectrum; Elements of visual perception - Structure of
the human eye, Image formation in the eye, Brightness adaptation and
discrimination, Image formation model, Uniform and non-uniform sampling,
Quantization, Image formats.
Image Enhancement Spatial domain - Point processing techniques, Histogram
Processing, Neighborhood processing, Frequency domain techniques - 2D-
DFT,Properties of 2D-DFT, Low pass, High pass, Noise removal, Homomorphic
filters, Basics of color image processing.
Image Segmentation Basic relationships between pixels - Neighbors, Adjacency,
Connectivity, Regions, Boundaries, Distance measures; Detection of

102
discontinuities, Point, Line, Edge detection, Edge linking, Hough transform,
Thresholding-based segmentation, Region-based segmentation.
Image Transforms: DFT, FFT, DCT, DST, Hadamard, Walsh, Haar, Slant, K-
Transforms, Basis functions and basis images, Introduction to wavelet transform,
Image Compression Fundamentals of image compression models, Lossless
Compression - RLE, Huffman, LZW, Arithmetic coding techniques. Lossy
Compression - IGS coding, Predictive coding, Transform coding, JPEG, JPEG
2000.
Morphology, Representation and Description Dilation, Erosion, Open, Close,
Hitor-miss, Boundary extraction, Region filling, Thinning and thickening;
Chain Codes, Polygonal approximations, Signatures; Fourier descriptors,
Moments.
References:
 Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision, Sonka, Hlavac, Boyle-
Cengage learning.
 Digital Image Processing, William Pratt- John Wile.
EME 344 Principles of Biochemistry (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives:
 To introduce the basic concepts of biochemistry.
 To learn about the structure, classification and functions of protein and
Enzymes.
 To learn about the lipids, vitamins & carbohydrates.
Course Outlines:
Introduction to Biochemistry: Colloidal state, buffer, pH, significance of
PH Henderson equation, surface tension, viscosity, osmosis, diffusion,

103
Concept of chromatographic techniques (TLC, paper chromatography, GLC
Column chromatography etc.) Carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleic acids,
Proteins, vitamins, enzymes, hormones & signaling agents.
Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins: carbohydrate derivatives,
optical activity, polarimetry, glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis,
tricarboxylic acid cycle, hexose monophosphate shunt. Effects of hormones on
carbohydrate metabolism. Chemistry and Metabolism of Lipids, Proteins.
References:
 Lippincott, Biochemistry 2th Ed.
 Donald Voet, Judith, G. Voel and Charlotte, W. Prats, Fundamentals of
Biochemistry, 2006, John Wiley & Sons.
 Voet & Voet, Biochemistry
 Rodney Boyer, Modern Experimental Biochemistry, Pearsons Education,
Delhi, India.
 Tsai.C.Stan, an Introduction to Computational Biochemistry.
 Sawhney S.K., Introductory Practical Biochemistry.
 David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 4th
Ed.
 Jeremy M. Berg, Biochemistry, et al.
EME 345 Nuclear Medicine (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To enable the learners to understand the basic science of nuclear medicine,
operating principles and quality control aspects of various nuclear medicine
equipment.

104
 To keep the Learners abreast with the technological developments in the
field of nuclear medicine.
Course Outcomes;
Learners will able to
 Understand essential physics, concepts of radiopharmaceuticals and how
they are employ in nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy.
 Be familiar with the current In-vivo and In-vitro techniques of nuclear
medicine along with their clinical applications.
 Apprehend the importance of radiation safety and radioactive waste
management.
Course outlines;
Basics of Nuclear Physics Radioactivity, Radioactive Decay Law, Radioactive
Decay Processes, Units of Radioactivity Measurement, Successive Decay
Equations. Statistics of Counting, Interaction of Radiation with Matter,
Production of Radionuclide Methods of radionuclide production: Nuclear
Reactor, Medical Cyclotron & Radionuclide Generators Spectra of commonly used
radionuclides e.g. I-131, Tc-99m, Cr-51, Cs-137. Problems in radiation
measurements.
Radiopharmaceuticals Ideal Radiopharmaceutical, Methods of Radiolabeling
Internal Radiation Dosimetry Absorbed Dose Calculations to Target & Non-
Target Tissues, MIRD Methodology.
Radiation Safety Natural & Artificial Radiation Exposure, External & Internal
Radiation Hazard, Methods of Minimizing External Exposure, Methods of
Preventing Internal Exposure, Evaluation of External & Internal Hazard,
Biological Effects of Radiation, Radioactive Waste Management, Ethics in Nuclear
medicine., Detectors in Nuclear Medicine & Counting and Measuring System.

105
In Vitro techniques(Brief Description) Introduction, Single and Double Isotope
method, Radioimmunoassay, RIA Counting System, Liquid scintillation Counting
system, RIA Applications.
In Vivo Techniques, General Principle, Uptake Monitoring System, Rectilinear
Scanner, Gamma Camera Fundamentals, Position Circuitry and working,
Computer Interface, Performance Parameters, Quality Control Functions,
Emission Tomography Techniques and Clinical Applications Introduction,
Principles and applications of SPECT, Principles and applications of PET,
Introduction to Hybrid Modalities: PET/CT, SPECT/CT
Clinical Applications Clinical Applications of PET, SPECT and Hybrid
Modalities in Cardiology, Neurology and Oncology.
Radionuclide Therapy Choice of a Radionuclide in Therapeutic Nuclear
Medicine Treatment of benign & malignant diseases palliative & curative
procedures.
References:
 Medical Radiation Physics William R. Hendee, Year Book Medical
Publishers.
 Instrumentation of Nuclear medicine G. Hine, Academic Press.
 Radiation Detection & Measurement Glenn F. Knoll, John Wiley & Sons.
EME 346 Biomechanics Prosthesis and Orthosis (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To recall the general characteristics, mechanical properties of bone and
tissues.
 To analyze the forces at joints for various static and dynamic human
activities; analyze the stresses and strains in biological tissues.

106
 To understand principles used in designing orthoses and prostheses.
 To study different materials used for orthoses and prosthesis.
 To understand the fabrication of prostheses and orthoses.
Course Outcomes;
A learner will be able to:
 Understand the definition of biomechanics, prostheses orthoses and its
Classification and design principles.
 Develop a better understanding of how mechanical principles influence
human motion during everyday life.
Course Outlines;
Biomechanics
Force system: Classification of force system. Equilibrium of force system.
Tissue Biomechanics: Direct shear, bending and torque actions and the
corresponding stresses and strains in biological tissues. Stress relaxation and creep.
Bone structure & composition, Mechanical properties of bone, Fracture mechanism
& crack propagation in bones.
Soft connective (skin, tendon, ligaments, etc.) covering structure function, and
Physiological factors.
Movement Biomechanics: Study of joints and movements. Anatomical levers,
Gait Analysis.
Joint analysis: Instrumentation for gait analysis: Measurement devices-
footswitches, instrumented walkway, Motion analysis- interrupted light
photography, film/video, Selspot, Goniometers.
Prosthetics and orthotics
Principles in designing orthoses and prostheses: Principles of three point
pressure, total contact, partial weight bearing Classification in prosthetics and

107
orthotics: Lower Extremity orthoses and Prostheses, Upper extremity orthoses and
prostheses. Spinal orthoses.
References:
 Introductory Biomechanics: from cells to tissues by Ethier and Simmons
 Biomechanics: Mechanical properties of living tissues by Y. C. Fung.
EME 347 Biomedical Microsystems (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To understand various fabrication technology for MEMS devices.
 To apply the knowledge of MEMS in Biomedical field.
 To understand recent advancements in Biomedical Engineering for a
successful career in the area of nanotechnology.
Course Outcomes;
A learner will be able to
 Use the knowledge of MEMS to develop various miniaturized biomedical
devices.
Course outlines;
Basic of miniaturization & materials Dimensional effect on engineering systems,
Clean room classification, Scaling Laws in Miniaturization, MEMS & Micro
system products Substrates and Wafers, Properties of Silicon Compounds SiO2,
Si3N4, Polysilicon, Amorphous silicon, Polymers.
Memsfabriction processes Fabrication techniques in MEMS, Cleaning processes,
Deposition processes for metals, Deposition processes for dielectrics, Polymers
coating techniques, Photolithography, Surface characterization techniques, Soft
lithography.

108
Micro total analysis system (μTAS) Basic block diagram, Flow techniques in μ-
fluidics, Components in μ-TAS, fabrication of micro-channels.
Micro/ NANO biosensors Biosensor, Classification based on detection
techniques, Basic steps involved in the development of biosensors.
Drug delivery devices Different parts of drug delivery system, MEMS based drug
delivery systems: Implantable drug Delivery systems (IDDS), Micro needles and
its fabrication, Micro particles for oral Drug delivery.
Microsystem packaging Importance of packaging, Packaging materials,
Packaging techniques, Wafer bonding.
References:
 MEMS & Microsystems: Design, Manufacture, and Nanoscale Engineering,
2nd Edition Tai-Ran Hsu, ISBN: 978-0-470-08301-7
 MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture," mcgraw-Hill, Boston,
2002 (ISBN0-07-239391-2).
 ―Fundamentals of Microfabrication‖ Marc Madou, by, CRC Press,
1997.Gregory Kovacs,
 ―Fundamentals of BioMEMS and Medical Microdevices‖, Steven S.
Saliterman, (SPIE Press Monograph Vol. PM153 by Wiley Interscience
 ―Microsystem Technology‖, W. Menz, J. Mohr, 0. Paul, WILEY-VCH,
ISBN 3 527-29634-4.

109
EME 348 Maintenance-I (C.hr 3)
Course objective:
To equip students with the know; how of maintenance of process plants and safety
considerations in operation.
Course Outlines:
Types of maintenance: Preventive, predictive, breaks down and total productive
maintenance. Individual versus group replacement; Internal versus external
maintenance. Scheduling of maintenance. Computerized maintenance.
Organization of maintenance force. Design considerations; Layout and
construction. Maintenance of rotary and stationery equipment, inspection
techniques; Non-destructive testing techniques. Basic of rigging and lifting.
Lubrication and lubricants.
Importance of safety with increased productivity. Overall safety of plant and
personnel; Accident and loss statistics. Accident analysis and prevention. Types of
accidents in chemical industry. Govt. regulations for industrial safety. Difference
between accident and incident. Accident rate calculations and economics of
accident prevention. Safety management. Hazard and risk assessment. Accident
investigation and case history. Fires and explosions. Fire triangles. Flammability
characteristics. Safety equipment, fire-fighting equipment and their uses.
Occupational diseases related to chemical industry.
References:
 Maintenance Manager‘s Standard Manual by Thomas A. Wester-Kamp,
Prentice-Hall.
 Mishra R.C. & Pathak K., ―Maintenance Engineering & Management‖,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi

110
EME 350 Artificial organ & Rehabilitation Engineering
(C.hr 3)
Introduction to artificial organs: Biomaterials used in artificial organs and
prostheses. Inflammation, rejection, correction. Rheological properties of blood,
blood viscosity variation:
Effect of shear rate, hematocrit, temperature and protein contents. Casson
equation, flow .Properties of blood through the blood vessels, problems
associated with extracorporeal blood flow.
Artificial kidney: Brief of kidney filtration, basic methods of artificial waste
removal, hemodialysis, equation for artificial kidney and middle molecule
hypothesis.
Hemodialysis: flat plate type, coil type and hollow fiber. Analysis of mass
transfer in dialyers (cross current & cocurrent flow), regeneration of dialysate,
membrane configuration, wearable artificial kidney machine, separation of
antigens from blood in ESRD patients.
Artificial heart-lung machine: Brief of lungs gaseous exchange / transport,
artificial heart-lung devices. Oxygenators: bubble, film oxygenators and
membrane oxygenators. Gas flow rate and area for membrane oxygenators.
Liver support system, artificial pancreas, blood and skin.
Audiometry: air conduction, bone conduction, masking, functional diagram of
an audiometer.
Hearing aids: different types, receiver amplifiers. Opthalmoscope, retinoscope,
I.A.B.P principle and application.
Rehabilitation Engineering: Impairments, disabilities and handicaps,
Measurement and assessment. Characterizing engineering concepts in sensory

111
and motor rehabilitation. Engineering concept in communication disorders.
Rehabs for locomotion, visual, speech & hearing. Artificial
Limb and hands, prosthetic heart valves. Externally powered and controlled
orthotics and prosthetics. Myoelectric hand and arm prostheses. The marcus
intelligent hand prostheses, gait study, spinal rehabilitation
References:
 Robbinson C.J., Rehabilitation Engineering. CRC press 1995
 Gerald E. Miller, Artificial Organs, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2006
 Bronzino Joseph, Handbook of biomedical engineering. CRC; 2 Sub
edition, 1999
 R.S. Khandpur, Handbook of biomedical instrumentation. Tata Mcgraw
Hill Publishers,
 David O. Cooney., Biomedical Engineering Principles (Volume – II).
Marcel Dekker Inc.
 Ballabio E.et al, Rehabilitation Engineering. IOS press 1993.
ETE 351 Electromagnetic and Waves (C.hr 3)
Course objectives;
 To understand and be able to use the principles of electromagnetism
phenomena and apply this to electromagnetic fields and waves.
 To understand the main parameters and mathematical expressions used to
describe Electromagnetic (EM) fields and waves.
 To be able to understand basic mathematics for solving calculation and
modelling Exercises on elementary EM fields and waves.

112
Course outcomes;
Students should be able to
 Analyze a problem described to them by applying basic laws and principles
of Electromagnetism, EM fields and waves.
 Solve calculation exercises by applying basic laws and principles of
electromagnetism, EM fields and waves.
 Explain how phenomena in nature and everyday life can be explain
qualitatively based on the basic laws and principles of electromagnetism,
EM fields and waves.
Course outlines;
 Scalar and vector field.
 Electric field.
 Magnetic field.
 Material and Environment Characteristics: Linearity, Homogeneity and
Isotropy.
 Electromagnetic field.
 Maxwell equations.
 Electromagnetic waves.
 Uniform Plane EM waves in empty space.
 Uniform Plane EM waves in an unbounded conductive region.
 Classification of conductive media.
 Boundary conditions.
 Field types.
 The Pointing theorem and Electromagnetic Power.
 Sources of electromagnetic waves.
 Propagation of electromagnetic waves.

113
 Antenna basic.
 Electromagnetic compatibility.
 References :
 W.H. Hayt, Jr‖ Engineering Electromagnetic‖ Mc Graw-Hill 2001.
 F.T.Ulaby‖Fundemental Applied Electromagnetic‖ Prentice –Hall 1997.
ETE 352 Principles of Communication Engineering
(C.hr 3)
Course objectives
This subject introduces the basic principles and techniques used in
Analog and digital communications. The subject then focuses on developing an
Understanding of the principles and techniques of analog modulation as well as
Digital modulation. Communication transmitters and receivers techniques are
Discussed for different transmission conditions. The subject then covers a range of
Digital modulation techniques, which are frequently, used in modern
communication Systems. Subject Name also includes the advantages,
disadvantages and application of all communication techniques.
Course outcome
Students will be familiar with all the communication techniques. In addition, they
are able to use in biomedical application
Course outlines:
Introduction to communication system Elements of communication system,
types of communication system, Noise, Signal to Noise ratio, Noise factor, Noise
figure, Noise Temperature

114
Amplitude modulation Mathematical analysis of Am wave, Different types of
AM Spectrum, Bandwidth, waveform, DSBFC(Grid Modulated, Plate Modulated,
Collector Modulated),DSBSC(FET Balanced Modulator, Ring Diode
modulator),SSB(Phase shift method, Filter method, Third method) and
Introduction of ISB and VSB, Low level and high level modulator transmitter
AM Receiver Parameters sensitivity, selectivity, fidelity, double spotting, Image
frequency and its rejection, dynamic range TRF receiver, superetrodyne receiver,
double conversion receiver AM detectors –Simple and Practical Diode detector,
Principles and types of tracking Principles and types of AGC, Demodulation of
DSBSC and SSB waves
FM Modulation Principles of FM waveform, spectrum, Bandwidth ,FM
generation – Direct and Indirect FM, Principles of AFC, Pre-emphasis and
Deemphasise in FM, Effect of noise in FM, Noise Triangle FM demodulation –
Simple Slope detector, Balanced slope detector, Foster Seeley discriminator, Ratio
detector, Quadrature detector, Block diagram of FM receivers, Capture effect in
FM receivers, Difference between AM and FM system
Analog pulse modulation techniques Sampling Theorem for low pass signals,
and band pass signals. Proof of Sampling theorem, Concept of Aliasing, PAM,
PWM, PPM – Generation. Detection, Advantages, Disadvantages, comparison,
Digital pulse modulation and transmission Techniques Advantages and
Disadvantages of digital transmission, PCMTrasmitter, Receiver, Quantization,
Commanding, DPCM,DM,ADM – Transmitter, Receiver, Advantages and
Disadvantages Digital Transmission – Types of digital transmission
(ASK,FSK,PSK) Generation, Detection, Advantages Disadvantages
Multiplexing techniques Concept of multiplexing and multiple access, FDM,
TDM Transmitter and Receiver, Hierarchy, Application, Advantages
Disadvantages, PCM-TDM system, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA.

115
References:
 Digital and Analog communication system – Leon W Couch, Pearson
Education
 Principles of communication system – Taub and Schilling, TMH.
CEG 353 Microprocessors (C.hr 3)
Course Objectives
 To develop background knowledge and core expertise in microprocessor.
 To study the concepts and basic architecture of 8086 Pentium processor and
Coprocessor8087.
 To know the importance of different peripheral devices and their interfacing
to 8086.
 To know the design aspects of basic microprocessor based system.
 To write assembly language programs in microprocessor for various
applications.
Course Outcomes
Students will learn:
The architecture and software aspects of microprocessor 8086 Assembly language
program in 8086 for various applications. Co-processor configurations.
Various interfacing techniques with 8086 for various applications. Basic concepts
of 8087 Co-processor.
Course outlines:
Introduction to Microprocessor and Microcontroller, Microcomputer based system
Elements, Generalized block diagram of Microprocessor, RISC & CISC CPU
Architectures, Harvard & Von-Neumann CPU architecture, Microprocessor

116
Programming languages, Microcomputer System software, Evolution of
Microprocessor. Architecture of Intel 8086, Microprocessor 8086. Architecture,
and organization, Pin configuration, Pin Functions. Memory Segmentation
concept, Minimum and Maximum modes of 8086, 8288 Bus Controller, Read and
Write bus cycle of 8086, 8086 Memory organization, Instruction set and
Programming of 8086, 8086 Addressing modes,8086 Instruction encoding formats,
and instruction set, Assembler directives, 8086 programming and debugging of
assembly language program, Memory Interfacing with 8086 Introduction. Address
Decoding, Interfacing 8086 with RAM and ROM, Comparison between Memory
Mapped I/O and I/O Mapped I/O. Peripherals interfacing with 8086, 8086Interrupt
structure. Programmable interrupt controller 8259, 8259 interfacing with 8086,
Programmable. Peripheral Interface 8255, 8086 interfacing with ADC. keyboard
and seven segment display using 8255, DMA controller 8237,8086 interfacing
with 8237, 8087 Math coprocessor Introduction, 8087 Architecture, Interfacing of
8086 with 8087, 8087 Instruction set, Assembly language Programming based on
8086-8087 system.
References:
 ―Microprocessors and Interfacing: Programming and Hardware‖, Douglas
Hall, Second edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2006.
 ―IBM PC Assembly language and programming ―Peter Abel, fifth edition
 ―Pentium Processor System Architecture‖, Don Anderson, Tom Shanley:
MindShare Inc., 2nd Edition.

117
CEG 354 Computer Interfaces (C.hr 3)
Course objective;
This course will provide practical education in engineering technologies used to
monitor and modulate the nervous system and their translation into clinical
devices.
Course outcomes;
By the end of the course, students will be able to design and implement a scaled-
down brain-computer interface device in computer software simulations, and
understand basic concepts involved in its implementation and approval.
Course outlines;
Basics of neuro signal recording, analysis, algorithms for controlling therapy and
fundamental concepts governing clinical implementation, approval, and use. The
focus of the course will be on lectures and homework assignments that build
incrementally towards culmination in a complete Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
design. Guest lecturers and demonstrations will supplement regular lectures.
References:

 Haykin Siman, ―Neural Networks‖, Prentice Hall of India.
 Timothy J. Ross, ―Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications‖, Wiley
India.
 Kumar Satish, ―Neural Networks‖, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
CNT 355 Computer and Data communication (C.hr 3)
Basic data communication concepts: Host computers and terminal modems,
parallel and serial transmission Asynchrony and Synchronous transmission.
Simplex, half duplex and duplex. Front-end processor, Port-sharing device, Line

118
splitters and remote intelligent controllers. Multiplexer: TDM, FDM, WDM. Data
compression devices, Inverse multiplexer.
Data Interfaces and transmission: Digital interface standards; RS-232C standard,
hand shaking, connecting a DTE in RS-232 C, RS-449, RS-422A and RS-423A
standards. High-speed desktop serial interfaces. Remote digital transmission: T
carrier ISDN, Packet data networks, Digital access. Data Communication
Efficiency: Modems, AM, FM, Phase modulation, multi speed modems, high
speed modems, Error Correcting modems Data compression in modems.
Short wave modems, Facsimile and Fax modems.
Data transport Network: Packet switching, LAN and Internet working
Data Integrity and, Security: Data Integrity, Sources of error control approaches.
Implementation of error Control Echo checking parity, checking and cyclical
parity, Hammering code, Checksums, Cyclical Redundancy check. Security and
security measuring.
Architectures and Protocols: OSI model, Traditional communications
architectures: Systems network architecture and other communication architecture
Protocols: Polling and selecting, automatic repeat request common link level
protocols. Binary synchronous communications characters in a BSC frame,
Synchronous data link control. Protocols Converters and Code Converters TCP/IP
protocols.
Reference:
 Computer network ―Tenenbum‖.
 Digital Communication ―Forouzen ―.
 Digital Communication & Computer Networking ―William Stalling‖.

119
CNT 356 Networking and Information System in Medicine
(C.hr 3)
Course Objectives;
 To understand the fundamental component of computer Networking.
 To understand the functioning and configuration of various networking
devices and components.
 To understand a concept about network security.
 To understand the healthcare IT infrastructure and the prevalent standards in
healthcare informatics.
Course Outcomes;
A Learner will be able to:
 Design and configure basic computer network.
 Understand the information system of healthcare.
Course outlines;
Networking Technology
LAN, MAN, WAN, Performance of network/device parameters
Ethernet Technology: Ethernet types, Types of cables and connectors, Crossover
and straight through cables. Colour coding of cablesOSI Model, TCP/IP,
Addressing types (IP, MAC & Port) IP V4 addressing. Subnetting, Super netting,
IP V6, Detailed working of networking equipment: HUB, Switch, Router, Modem,
and Bridge. Packet switching, Circuit switching .Basic Security Concepts Security
Mechanism and security services, Authentication, Authorization, Confidentiality,
Integrity, Symmetric and Asymmetric Key cryptography, RSAalgorithm.
Information Systems in Medicine
PACS Components, Generic workflow, PACS architectures stand-alone. Client
server, and Web-based, PACS and Tele radiology. Enterprise PACS and ePR

120
System with Image Distribution Introduction to RIS and HIS, HIS/RIS/PACS
integration, PIR, Storage Area, Network, Network Attached storage, RAID, PACS
Server & Archive and operating Systems Introduction to Healthcare informatics
standard HL7 and DICOM, IHE, IHE Domains, Legal issues in PACS, HIPAA.
References:
 Governance of Picture Archiving and Communications Systems by Carrison
K.S. Tong (Medical Information Science Reference).
 Practical Imaging Informatics, By Barton F. Bran Stetter, Springer.
 PACS fundamentals- By Herman Oosterwijk.
 Cryptography and Network Security By William Stalling, Pearsons.
TRA 357 Field Training –I (C.hr 3)
Students should spend 4 weeks in field training, after completing the semester 8, in
any Engineering Institution or Engineering Firms. Students should demonstrate the
professional and practical skills they acquired during discussion with their assigned
tutors.
TRA 358 Field Training –II (C.hr 3)
Students should spend 4 weeks in field training, after completing the semester 9, in
any Engineering Institution or Engineering Firms. They should prepare a technical
report implying a full description of the processes they joined for training. Students
should demonstrate the professional and practical skills they acquired during
discussion of report with their assigned tutors.
PRO 359 Project Stage – I (C.hr 3)
The aim of the project is to give students a major design experience that will both
develop and demonstrate the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier course work

121
and will incorporate engineering standards and realistic constraints including
economic, environmental, sustainability, manufacturability, ethical and safety
considerations. In addition, the project should represent an actual problem or need
of the industry or the community. The purpose of Part 1 of the Graduation Project
is to explore a chosen topic and to discover and define the project problem. After
initial introductory lectures, students will perform research work to explore
different approaches to the problem at hand. Based on this research study, students
will perform system level analysis to explore project feasibility and reach an initial
high-level design or system architecture and specifications. The output of Project 1
is a major report outlining the project feasibility results and laying the ground for
the detailed design and implementation phase to be conduct in Project 2. This
document should include a detailed project plan indicating major project
implementation milestones with clear assignment of tasks among project team
members.
PRO 360 Project Stage – II (C.hr 3)
The aim of Project 2 is to conduct detailed design and verification based on the
preliminary system design specifications reached in Project 1. Once the design and
verification is complete, this should be followed by prototype implementation and
testing. The outcome of Project 2 is a complete design, fully verified using
standard verification tools and presented in the form of professional design
documents and design drawings accompanied with bill of materials. At the end of
Project 2, students are ask to submit a dissertation or project report and go through
an oral examination after delivering a presentation of their work.

Biomedical engineering syllabus pdf

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Biomedical engineering syllabus pdf

More from University of Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST)

Recently uploaded

Biomedical engineering syllabus pdf