1 P a g e 2105 ENG, Mechanics of.docx

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2105 ENG, Mechanics of Materials 2, Semester 2, 2016
SPACE GASS Project Instructions
Before you start get to know these useful keyboard shortcut
keys in SAPCEGASS
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Q.1 Beam (50 Marks)
All dimensions are in meters. For example d=8 m
Total length L=d+e+f+g=8+3+4+7=22m
All distributed loads are in kN/m. For instance d=8 kN/m
All concentrated loads are in kN. For instance f=4 kN

Part 1-Using SPACE GASS:
(1) Illustration of the model. You need to show the end fixities,
loads and dimensions (similar to the Figure above). (10 Marks)
Hint- Insert a snapshot of the beam model from SPACEGASS
here. Use the “PrtScn” button on your keyboard to take a
snapshot of the
computer screen, then edit and crop the picture in paint or
similar software. The snapshot should clearly show the end
restraints (fixed and
roller), the distributed force and the concentrated load. Also
show the dimensions between the loads which correspond to
your student
number. To add dimensions to your model, right click on the
beam and from the menu that pops up select
“measure/dimension”, then “add
dimension”. See the sample below which corresponds to the
student number shown above:
d e f g
d f
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(2) Show the maximum deflection in the beam using 200 UB
25.4 Aust300 Universal Beam section. In SPACE GASS use

‘show envelope’ and
‘absolute maximum’ setting. (5 Marks)
Hint- To assign 200 UB 25.4 profile to all elements, right click
on them, then from the right tab select Properties on the top
right of the screen,
under section click on the book symbol and select the section.
The snapshot from SPACEGASS below shoes the window that
will pop up.
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To show the section name on each element, from the left bar
click on the ‘T’ button (shown below) to enable it.
Then click on the arrow next to it and in the window that pops
up, tick “show section names”. The ‘T’ button is used to show
the values of the
load, deflection and shear force and bending moment diagrams,
etc.
Run the model from the top menu “Analysis”, “Linear elastic
analysis” with program defaults. Click on the ‘show
displacements’ button on the
left tab right under the ‘T’ button to see the deflection in the
beam. If you have defined more than one load case (for example
one for the

distributed force and one for the concentrated force) then you
need to press on the “Envelope” button on the left tab to show
the minimum
(negative deflection) or maximum (positive deflection). If you
only have one load case, then simply show the displacements.
Below is a sample
from the minimum displacements of the envelope.
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(3) Show maximum reactions and the bending moment diagram
of the beam in separate images. (5 Marks)
Hint- To show the reaction click on the reaction button from the
left tab.
To show the bending moment diagram click on the reaction
BMD button from the left tab.
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BMD under distributed load
BMD under concentrated load
BMD under both distributed and concentrated loads
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(4) From the SPACE GASS library, select Aust300 Universal
Beam section such that the absolute maximum deflection in the
beam is smaller than
(L/300). You need to show the iterations in Tabular format like
the one shown below. (5 Marks)
Hint- In the first iteration show the maximum displacement
(deflection) of the beam using 200 UB 25.4 from previous
section. If that
deflection is larger than L/300 then you need to use a bigger
profile to reduce the maximum deflection to a value smaller
than L/300. You
need to show some iteration how the deflection is reduced by
changing the profile section in a table. See the sample snapshots
and table
below:

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Iteration Section
Deflection
(mm)
L/300
(mm)
Criteria
1 200 UB 25.4 516.94 =22000/300=73 NG
2 310 UB 46.2 122 73 NG
3 360 UB 50.7 85.91 73 NG
4 410 UB 53.7 64.89 73 OK
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Part 2-Using Analytical Equations:
(You have to show the entire procedure. No marks are given if

only the final answer is shown without the procedure)
Instructions- Do your hand calculations on a plain paper, then
scan and attach to the space provided here.
(5) Remove the roller support at the right end of the beam. Find
the deflection at the right end of the beam under combined
action of distributed and
concentrated loads. You can use either the double integration
method or the virtual work method. Use properties of 200 UB
25.4 Aust300 Universal
Beam section. (15 Marks)
Hint- Remove the roller support and analyse the cantilevered
beam. Use the methods taught in class to find the deflection of
the beam.
Compare your results with SAPCEGASS and identify the error.
(6) Draw the Shear Force and the Bending Moment Diagram of
the beam for the previous case (5). (10 Marks)
Hint- Draw the SFD and BMD from your knowledge of the
analytical procedure and compare with the SFD and BMD from
SPACEGASS.
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Q.2 Truss (50 Marks)
For instance 2968347 then a=2, b=9, c=6, d=8, e=3, f=4, g=7

All dimensions are in meters. Use the Structure wizard and
Cross Brace Truss in SPACE GASS:
L=d+f+e+g=22m and a=2m
P1=a kN=2 kN
P2=f kN=4 kN
P3=g kN=7 kN
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Part 1-Using SPACE GASS:
(1) Show the SPACE GASS model with dimensions and member
cross section annotations. Use Aust300 Square Hollow Sections
(SHS) for all the
members. (5 Marks)
Hint- Show all the dimensions and loads. See the sample below.
You can pick any SHS section at this stage.
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(2) Show horizontal and vertical deflections in all nodes.

(2 Marks)
Hint- See the sample below. You can use any square hollow
section (SHS) that you like at this stage to begin with.
(3) Show axial forces in all the members. (2 Marks)
Hint- See the sample below. Click on the ‘T’ button below to
untick the ‘section names’. Then click on ‘axial force diagram’
button shown
below.
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(4) Using Aust300 Square Hollow Sections (SHS) design the
lightest truss such that the maximum vertical deflection is
smaller than (L/300). You
need to show at least 3 iterations. In each iteration, show an
image of the Truss with member cross sections, vertical
deflections in nodes and total
truss weight next to it. (6 Marks)
Hint- See the sample below. Use any configuration of SHS to
start with. Plot the deflection at nodes. If the maximum vertical
deflection is

larger than L/300, then use other SHS profiles to reduce the
deflection. For each iteration write the total weight of the truss
next to the image.
You can either find the total weight by hand or use
SAPCEGASS to get it. In SPACEGASS click on “output” from
the top bar, then click on
“view text report” and press “OK” twice. In the “report viewer”
window, select “Analysis results” then “bill of materials”. Total
mass is given in
tons. See the image below, the total mass is 0.251 tons equal to
251 kg. This is the optimisation procedure that engineers do a
lot to justify
their design to the client.
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251 kg
Hint-Be smart! Investigate where the maximum deflection
occurs and change the profiles of the elements next to it.

In this sample problem, total length is L=22m, so the maximum
allowable vertical deflection is L/300=73 mm.
I have only shown a single iteration here and the maximum
deflection is 13.93 mm which is much lower than 73mm. So this
is not an
optimised design. In your project you should come up with an
optimised design.
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(5) Check all members (SHS) in compression and tension. All
members in compression should satisfy a factor of safety in
buckling of SFc=2.0 and all
members in tension and compression should comply with a
factor of safety in yield of SFT=1.5. Use yield stress of 300
MPa. (10 Marks)
Hint-Below is a sketch of the truss showing the member
numbers. To show the member numbers, go to “T” symbol on
the left bar and tick
“show member numbers”.
Go to “Analysis” from the top menu, and click on “buckling
analysis”. Pick the load case with all the loads (if you have
defined more than one load case) and

press Ok. On the “output” option from the top menu, pick “view
text report” and click OK twice. In the window that pops up, go
to “buckle factors”. You
should see a window like the one below:
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As you see in the window above, the buckling load factor is
1.809 for load case 4 (all loads applied together). This is not
acceptable since 1.809 < 2.0. You
need to increase the SHS profile dimensions and run “Buckling
analysis” again until the load factor becomes larger than two.
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To check the yield stress in the members, first run a “Linear
static analysis”. Then from the left bar click on “σ” and tick the
“axial stress” button as shown in
the image below. That will show the axial stresses in the
members. Make sure the maximum stress in members is less
than the yield stress divided by the of
SFT=1.5. that means the maximum axial stress in members
should be less than 300/1.5=200 MPa.

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Part 2- Using Analytical Equations:
(You have to show the entire procedure. No marks are given if
only the final answer is shown without the procedure)
Instructions- Do your hand calculations on a plain paper, then
scan and attach to the space provided here.
(6) Find the horizontal deflection at the node where P1 is
applied. (10 Marks)
Hint- Use the virtual work method to find the horizontal
deflection at that node. Use any SHS for the members that you
like. Compare your
results with SAPCEGASS.
(7) Find the vertical deflection at the node where P3 is applied.
(10 Marks)
Hint- Use the virtual work method to find the horizontal
deflection at that node. Use any SHS for the members that you
like. Compare your
results with SAPCEGASS.
(8) Find the member with largest axial compressive force and
design a SHS for that member. Use a factor of safety in
buckling of SFc=2.0 and a
factor of safety in yield of SFT=1.5. Use Le=L for the buckling
design. (5 Marks)

Hint- In SAPCEGASS fond the member with largest
compressive (negative) axial force. For instance in the sample
problem, it is the member
with axial force +26.23 in the image below (In SpaceGass
compression is shows as positive).
Use the Euler buckling equation with (Le=L) to design a section
that can carry that load (26.23 kN) without buckling with a
factor of safety of
2.0. Now check the same member and ensure it does not yield
using a factor of safety of 1.5.
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GASS Project Verification
Student number is ‘abcdefg’
For instance if the student number is 2968347 then a=2, b=9,
c=6, d=8, e=3, f=4, g=7
If any of those letters correspond to a zero in your student
number, then use the first non-zero number to the left of it. For

instance if d=0 then use d=c=6.
Put your first name, last name and the student number below.
Write digits of your student number in the table provided.
MY Student number: s2917225
S a b c d e f g S 2 9 1 7 2 2 5
Q1 Beam
(
d
f
e
f
g
)d
Model the beam according to your student number. Take a
snapshot from SPACEGASS showing dimensions and loads with
values and insert the image here.

Q2 Truss
MY S NUMBER IS: 2917225
So, a=2, b=9, c=1, d=7, e=2, f=2, g=5
L=d+f+e+g=22m and a=2m P1=a kN=2 kN
(
P
2
P
3
P
1
)P2=f kN=4 kN P3=g kN=7 kN
(
Using
SPACE
GASS
:
)
Model the truss according to your student number. Take a
snapshot from SPACEGASS showing dimensions and loads with
values and insert the image here.

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2105 ENG, Mechanics of Materials 2, Semester 2, 2016 SPACE
GASS Project (20 Marks)
This project consists of two parts. In each part you are supposed
to provide answers to the questions using SPACE GASS
(version 12.5) and Analytical
Equations. Each student should submit one PDF file (the report)

and two SG files (the models).
This is an individual project and parameters in the questions
vary with your student number.
Student number is ‘abcdefg’
For instance if the student number is 2968347 then a=2, b=9,
c=6, d=8, e=3, f=4, g=7
If any of those letters correspond to a zero in your student
number, then use the first non-zero number to the left of it. For
instance if d=0 then use d=c=6.
Important notes:
1-You should check the numbers and the problem layout
specific to your SPACEGASS project with the convenor and/or
your tutor no later than end of Week
6, Friday 2nd of October 5pm.
2-If the numbers used in the project and your student number do
not match, then zero mark will be given for the SPACE GASS
project.
3-Your report should be submitted as a PDF file via Turnitin
submission point in the Blackboard. Use a cover page that
shows your student number and full
name. Submission due date is 14th of October at 11:59PM
latest. Late submission penalties apply according to section 5.3
of the course profile. No hard
copies will be accepted.
4-Marks will be deducted if the final answer is wrong.
5-Apart from the PDF file, two SPACE GASS files (.SG) of

questions 1 and 2 should be submitted via Turnitin. You are
supposed to use SPACE GASS 12.5
(Student) version only. The student version can be downloaded
from this link: http://www.spacegass.com/student/index.htm.
The SPACE GASS files should
be saved and submitted using the following format:
studentnumber_Q1.SG and studentnumber_Q2.SG. For instance
if the student number is then
2968347_Q1.SG and 2968347_Q2.SG will be generated.
http://www.spacegass.com/student/index.htm
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Q.1 Beam (50 Marks)
All dimensions are in meters. For example d=8 m
Total length L=d+e+f+g=8+3+4+7=22m
All distributed loads are in kN/m. For instance d=8 kN/m
All concentrated loads are in kN. For instance f=4 kN
Using SPACE GASS:
(1) Illustration of the model. You need to show the end fixities,
loads and dimensions (see the instruction document). (10
Marks)

(2) Show the maximum deflection in the beam using 200 UB
25.4 Aust300 Universal Beam section. In SPACE GASS use
‘show envelope’ and ‘absolute
maximum’ setting. (5 Marks)
(3) Show maximum reactions and the bending moment diagram
of the beam in separate images.
(5 Marks)
(4) From the SPACE GASS library, select a Aust300 Universal
Beam section such that the absolute maximum deflection in the
beam is smaller than (L/300).
You need to show the iterations in Tabular format like the one
shown below.
(5 Marks)
Iteration Section
Deflection
(mm)
L/300
(mm)
Criteria
1 200 UB 25.4 85 73 NG
2 360 UB 50.7 72 73 OK
d e f g
d f

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Using Analytical Equations: (You have to show the entire
procedure. No marks are given if only the final answer is shown
without the procedure)
(5) Remove the roller support at the right end of the beam. Find
the deflection at the right end of the beam under combined
action of distributed and
concentrated loads. You can use either the double integration
method or the virtual work method. Use properties of 200 UB
25.4 Aust300 Universal Beam
section.
(15 Marks)
(6) Draw the Shear Force and the Bending Moment Diagram of
the beam for the previous case (5).
(10 Marks)

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Q.2 Truss (50 Marks)
L=d+f+e+g=22m and a=2m
P1=a kN=2 kN
P2=f kN=4 kN
P3=g kN=7 kN
Using SPACE GASS:
(1) Show the SPACE GASS model with dimensions and member
cross section annotations. Use Aust300 Square Hollow Sections
(SHS) for all the members.
(5 Marks)

(2) Show horizontal and vertical deflections in all nodes.
(2 Marks)
(3) Show axial forces in all the members. (2 Marks)
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(4) Using Aust300 Square Hollow Sections (SHS) design the
lightest truss such that the maximum vertical deflection is
smaller than (L/300). You need to
show at least 3 iterations. In each iteration, show an image of
the Truss with member cross sections, vertical deflections in
nodes and total truss weight next to
it. (6 Marks)
(5) Check all members (SHS) in compression and tension. All
members in compression should satisfy a factor of safety in
buckling of SFc=2.0 and all
members in tension and compression should comply with a
factor of safety in yield of SFT=1.5. Use yield stress of 300
MPa. (10 Marks)
Using Analytical Equations: (You have to show the entire
procedure. No marks are given if only the final answer is shown
without the procedure)
(6) Find the horizontal deflection at the node where P1 is
applied. (10 Marks)
(7) Find the vertical deflection at the node where P3 is applied.
(10 Marks)

(8) Find the member with largest axial compressive force and
design a SHS for that member. Use
a factor of safety in buckling of SFc=2.0 and a factor of safety
in yield of SFT=1.5. Use k=1.0 for the buckling design.
(5 Marks)

1 P a g e 2105 ENG, Mechanics of.docx

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