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1. Humanistic Psychology Essay examples
In general, human nature consists of three main parts: the mind (intellect), the body (biological makeup) and the spirit (emotional makeup). As the
mind and the body are being well explored in behaviorism and psychoanalysis, the spirit of a person has been increasingly popular from the mid–20th
century. In the early 1960s, a movement named third–force psychology started as a reaction to the defect of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to deal
fully with the human condition (Hergenhahn, 2008). This third–force movement is humanistic psychology, which refers to the combination of the
philosophy of romanticism and existentialism. Humanistic psychology instead paid more attention to each individual's potentials and highlighted the
importance...show more content...
The major difference between existential and humanistic psychology is that the former views human nature as neutral whereas the latter views it as
basically good (Hergenhahn, 2008). There is no right to determine which one is correct. I prefer believing that people at birth are naturally
kind–hearted. No one is born for being evil, and I think the reason why a man will become evil is their experiences in nurturing. This reminds me of the
Three Character Classic that is one of the Chinese classic texts. The first four verses tell us the core of Confucianism: human nature is inherently good,
which is similar to the humanistic psychology in the Western country. This idea was written in the 13th century and has come down to us. Although
there are many other opposite statements of human nature, I believe that thinking positively is better, especially for health.
When it comes back to existential psychology, the first person I want to talk about is Rollo May, an American existential psychologist. May (1967) and
other existentialists emphasized the importance of freedom and life meaning. The dual aspect of human nature is that people exist physically in the
sense and they also make the experiences meaningful by interpreting, valuing, and making decisions. In my opinion, people have the basic rights to
make their own decisions. Because of the participation of humans, the tasks needed to be done become significant.
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2. Essay on Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plant, algae, and some bacteria harness the energy of light to produce food. Nearly all living things
depend on energy produced from photosynthesis for their nourishment, making it vital to life on Earth. It is also responsible for producing the oxygen
that makes up a large portion of the EarthВЎВ¦s atmosphere. Factors that affect photosynthesis are light intensity and wave length, carbon dioxide
concentration, and temperature.
Plants are autotrophs that mean they are able to synthesize food directly from inorganic compounds, instead of relying on other organisms. They use
carbon dioxide gas and water to produce sugars and oxygen...show more content...
The surface of the leaf is uniformly coated with a water–resistant waxy cuticle that protects the leaf from excessive absorption of light and evaporation
of water. The transparent, colourless epidermis layer allows light to pass through to the mesophyll cells where most of the photosynthesis takes place.
To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the
light–dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is
used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of
electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called
photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates
such as sugars.
In photosynthesis, the dark reactions are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions unlike
light–dependent reactions do not need light to occur. These reactions take the products of the light–dependent reactions and perform further chemical
processes on
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3. Enzymes Essay
Introduction:
Enzymes are an important part of all metabolic reactions in the body. They are catalytic proteins, able to increase the rate of a reaction, without being
consumed in the process of doing so (Campbell 96). This allows the enzyme to be used again in another reaction. Enzymes speed up reactions by
lowering the activation energy, the energy needed to break the chemical bonds between reactants allowing them to combine with other substances and
form products (Campbell 100). In this experiment the enzyme used was acid phosphates (ACP), and the substrate was p–nitrophenyl phosphate.
Enzymes are very specific in nature, which helps them in reactions. When an enzyme recognizes its specific substrate, the...show more content...
In this experiment, NaOH was the inhibitor used to stop the enzymatic reactions. NaOH is very basic and when added to a solution, will cause a
drastic increase in pH, causing denaturation of the enzyme. The amount of product formed could be calculated by placing the test tube in a
spectrometer after the addition on NaOH. A spectrometer measures the absorbance of a solution, which helps compare how much of a substance is in a
solution.
I hypothesized that the rate of the reaction would increase, producing more product as the amount of ACP in solution was increased because more
enzymes allow for more substrate to be converted to product. The same hypothesis was made that when we increased the substrate, p–nitrophenyl
phosphate, the amount of product produced would increase as well because there would be more substrate that could bind to the enzyme and be
converted to product. For the environmental experiments, both temperature and pH, I predicted that the amount of product formed would increase with
the temperature and pH, but then begin to decline after the enzymes reached optimal conditions. In other words, at the optimal temperature and pH, the
enzyme velocity would be greatest, producing the most p–nitrophenol. Also, I predicted when the pH and temperature
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4. Anthony Giddens: A Sociological Study
By the definition, science is the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and
natural world through observation and experiment (Oxford dictionary). This crude definition is elaborated further by a world–famous sociologist
Anthony Giddens as 'the scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies. It is dazzling and compelling enterprise, as its subject matter is
our own behavior as social beings. The scope of sociological study is extremely wide, ranging from the analysis of passing encounters between
individuals on the street to the investigation of global social processes such as the rise of Islamic fundamentalism.' (Giddens: 2006)
Before the rise in...show more content...
He believed that all scientific methods share a common logical method aimed to reveal universal laws. Therefore Comte believed that sociology should
apply the same strict scientific methods to the study of society that physics or chemistry use to study the physical world. He called all sciences the
"law of the three stages" which claims that world has passed through three stages: theological (guided by religious ideas and the belief that society was
an expression of God's will), metaphysical (this stage is modification of the first one, from supernatural to natural. The beginning of a world that
questioned religion and authority.), and positive (the final stage compared to earlier stages is truly scientific, and what is now understood while we
peak of an explanation of facts is simply the establishment of a connection between single phenomena and some general facts, the number of which
continually diminishes with the progress of science.) (Comte 1855: 26)
In a very similar manner to the other social sciences, sociology is rather distinctive from natural sciences. Firstly, it is impossible to collect data on
social facts as opposed to the physical world. Social facts, unlike the natural ones, are not objective. On the contrary, social facts are reproducible as
well as created by humans. Secondly, it is not only human beings
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5. College Level Reflection Paper
While registering for a college–level course, last year, I questioned how difficult the class would be. I had taken a course the previous semester that
had covered the basics in business and economy, yet this would be the first course in English–a topic that I had been told, on many occasions, that I
excelled in. Because of this, I came into this year's English class confident and sure that I would receive top marks easily. Unfortunately, it was not so.
I struggled through several of the assignments given to me, yet I learned several new techniques and gained insight in what a college–level essay truly
consists of. Because of this class, I learned of the importance of transitions between points, the importance of reducing wordiness in sentences, and the
importance of explaining information and quotations fully.
Over the course of this class, my essays have changed and improved in the way of transitions. At the beginning of the semester, I wrote an introductory
reflective essay that covered how I felt about reading or writing. While I enjoyed researching and thinking over the topic thoroughly, the actual act of
writing it went poorly, according to the feedback I received from my teacher. The paper was riddled with pencil marks describing issues, the most
prevalent of these being transitions between points and paragraphs. I had been previously taught to write a sentence at the end of a paragraph
explaining all that I covered in it, to sum it up. Unfortunately, academic,
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6. Law, Fault Essay (Aqa)
Fault Essay (30 marks) Fault can be defined as legal responsibility or blame for an offence or misdeed. It also refers to the mental state of the
defendant. The basic principle is that a D should be able to contemplate the harm that his actions may cause and should therefore aim to avoid such
actions. In general, a person cannot be criminally liable and subjected to criminal sanctions unless it can be proved that he carried out an illegal act in
a blameworthy manner. An act does not make a man guilty of a crime unless his mind is also guilty. The state of mind of the D is hugely important in
assessing whether or not he is at fault. However, to be found guilty of most criminal offences (true crimes) both an AR and MR must be proved. The
...show more content...
There are a few absolute liability offences, so convictions like these are rare. There is no liability for omissions to act, even if the D is morally at fault,
for example, no by–stander can be compelled by law to save a drowning child. Exceptions to this general rule have been created where the law has
imposed a duty to act. Pittwood and Miller. Generally a failure, such as in these cases, will be punished less severely than where a positive
voluntary action has been committed. Causation: in result of factual and legal causation must be established. In other words there will be no
liability if the D did not cause the result White. The decision on whether the D is at fault may depend on which test for legal causation is used by
the courts; a D may escape liability if the 'daftness' test in Roberts/Williams is applied, whereas the harsher thins skull rule in Blaue may result in
liability as it involves taking your victim as you find him however daft or unpredictable they are. The MR is the mental or fault element of the crime
and is of key importance in establishing fault. All of the non–fatal offences require proof of fault for a conviction. For a s.18 offence, direct intention
Mohan (highest level of fault as it is deliberate) or oblique intention (lower level of fault as it was not the D's aim, but the D appreciated the result was
a virtual certainty Woollin) is required. This is because
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7. Essay on Igor Stravinsky
IGOR STRAVINSKY
Igor Stravinsky is considered by many the greatest composer of the 20th Century. Several composers have made breakthroughs and great
accomplishments in the past 100 years, but Stravinsky has dominated nearly every trend set. He was born near St. Petersburg, Russia in Oranienbaum,
on June 17, 1882. He was born to a famous Russian bass opera singer, Fyodor Ignatyevich Stravinsky.
Igor Stravinsky was third of a family of four boys. He grew up hearing his father practicing his opera and attending local ballets. He also started taking
piano lessons when he was 9 years old and continued on with musical notation and composition instruction. All throughout his early life he studied
music. However, although he had been brought...show more content...
He was so impressed by Stravinsky's promise as a composer that he invited him to join his small group of artistic assistants. For the rest of the 1909
season Diaghilev asked Stravinsky to compose various pieces of ballet music. Then, in 1910, Diaghilev commissioned Stravinsky to compose his new
ballet, The Firebird.
The result of his commission was the first real modern ballet. It set the example of the composer consulting both with the choreographer and the stage
/costuming artist during the composition.
	For the next few years, Stravinsky and Diaghilev worked very closely together. Diaghilev wanted all of Stravinsky's new works to be
produced by his company. Stravinsky's next two works for the ballet, Petrouchka (1910–11) and The Rite of Spring (1912–13) are perfectly crafted,
powerful pieces, drawing on Stravinsky's rhythmic and harmonic imagination. The most amazing part is that Stravinsky had not even reached middle
age at the time he composed these pieces. The Rite of Spring created a violent reaction because no one had ever heard music that carried this much
premature power. It was almost as though there was a sense of jealousy from his colleagues. The entire musical establishment criticized stravinsky, but
he didn't really seem to care.
	During World War I, Stravinsky lived in Switzerland. There he concentrated on smaller
–scale chamber pieces, piano works, and songs. One
of these, The Soldier's Tale,

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