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liver anatomy.ppt
- 1. Liver: anatomy & functions Pavle Peić Tukuljac Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
- 2. Anatomy • Largest gland in the body (1.5 Kg) • Under the diaphragm, within the rib cage in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen
- 3. Anatomy •4 Lobes Major: left and right Minor: caudate and quadrate •Ducts Common hepatic Cystic From gallbladder Common bile - Choledochus Joins pancreatic duct at hepatopancreatic ampulla
- 5. GALLBLADDER ANATOMY • Thin-walled green muscular sac • On the inferior surface of the liver • Stores bile that is not immediately needed for digestion • When the muscular wall of the gallbladder contracts bile is expelled into the bile duct LIVER GALL BLADDER
- 6. BILE • BILE – bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids and electrolytes • Liver produces 0.5-1 l of bile daily • Bile salts emulsify fats LIVER GALL BLADDER
- 7. LIVER ANATOMY • Liver lobules – hexagonal structures consisting of hepatocytes • Hepatocytes radiate outward from a central vein • At each of the six corners of a lobule is a portal triad • Liver sinusoids
- 8. LIVER ANATOMY • Hepatocytes produce bile • Bile flows through canals called bile canaliculi to a bile duct • Bile ducts leave the liver via the common hepatic duct
- 10. Functions • Metabolic Synthesis Breakdown Other functions – storage of vitamin A,D,B12,F… • Excretion of waste products from bloodstream into bile • Vascular – storage of blood
- 11. Synthesis • Protein metabolism Synthesis of amino acids • Carbohydrate metabolism Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis Glycogenesis • Lipid metabolism Cholesterol synthesis Lipogenesis • Production of coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, IX, X and XI, and protein C, protein S and antithrombin • Main site of red blood cell production • Produces insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a polypeptide protein – anabolic effects • Production of trombopoetin
- 12. Breakdown • Breaks down insulin and other hormones • Breaks down hemoglobin • Breaks down or modifies toxic substances (methylation) → sometimes results in toxication • Converts ammonia to urea
- 13. Other functions • Produces albumin, the major osmolar component of blood serum • Synthesizes angiotensinogen, the hormone responsible for raising blood pressure when activated by renin (enzyme released when the kidney senses low blood pressure)
- 14. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxb WM&feature=related • http://www.mamashealth.com/organs/liver.as p • www.medterms.com • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx6kj6xLC Zw
Editor's Notes
- MILK THISTLE sikavica
- 3. that is not immediately needed for digestion
- - Glukoniozdinisis (the synthesis of glucose from certain amino acids, lactate or glycerol). Note that humans and some other mammals cannot synthesize glucose from glycerol. -3. (the breakdown of glycogen into glucose) -4. (the formation of glycogen from glucose)(muscle tissues can also do this) -I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin) -in the first trimester fetus -Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow.
- -2. metabolites that are added to bile as pigment (bilirubin and biliverdin) 3. when the metabolite is more toxic than its precursor. Preferably, the toxins are conjugated to avail excretion in bile or urine.
- endziotensinidzin