This ppt describes in detail characteristics of adolescents. Developmental stages of adolescents have been explained with characteristics like physical development, intellectual development, emotional development, social development and moral development.

2. The word adolescence comes from a
Greek word 'adolescere' which means 'to
grow to maturity’.
Adolescence is the most important
period of human life. It is the spring
of life of human being and an important
era in the total life span. The child
experiences a number of changes in this
transitional period. The period runs
between childhood and adulthood and is
some times called the period of teenage.
Adolescence is a transition period between
childhood and adulthood. It is one of the most
critical periods of development. It is a period of
rapid growth and development concerning
physical, mental, social, emotional, sexual etc.

3. Adolescent's life is full of hopes. The
Adolescent is eager to interact with new
experiences, to find new relationships to
examine inner strengths and explore the
strengths of inner ability. Adolescents try to
have freedom to think and set their own
goals and discover means to achieve them.
Adolescents want to have more freedom to
enjoy. Although they are not fully mature
to shoulder the responsibilities of life, they
enjoy life in youthful dreams. Love and
power become a strong motivating force in
life.

4. 1. According to A. J. Jersild,
"Adolescence is that span of years
during which boys and girls move
from childhood to adulthood,
mentally. emotionally, socially and
physically."
2. According to Dorth Rogers, "A
process rather than a period, a
process of achieving the attitudes
and beliefs needed for effective
participation in the society."
3. According to Jean Piaget, "The
age of great ideals and the
beginning of theories as well as the
time of simple adaptation to
reality."

5. Early Adolescence (Ages 10-14)
During this developmental period, adolescents experience the beginning
beginning stages of puberty. Both sexes experience significant physical
growth and increased sexual interest. Cognitively, adolescents in this
stage have a limited capacity for abstract thought but intellectual
interests expand and become more important. Although adolescents in
this stage have limited interest in the future, they develop deeper moral
thinking during the early adolescence stage.

6. Middle Adolescence (Ages 15-17)
During the middle adolescence stage, puberty
is completed for males and females. Physical
growth slows for females but continues for
males. Adolescents in this stage continue to
experience a growing capacity for abstract
thought. During this stage, adolescents begin
to set long-term goals and become interested
in the meaning of life and moral reasoning.
Adolescents in this stage of development
experience numerous social and emotional
changes including increased self-involvement
and an increased drive for independence.

7. 3. Late Adolescence/Young Adulthood (Ages 18-24)
Adolescents in the late adolescence phase typically
experience fewer physical developments and more
cognitive developments. Adolescents gain the ability to
think about ideas rationally, delay gratification, plan for the
future, and gain a firm sense of identity. During this last
phase of adolescent development, young people also
experience increased emotional stability and
independence.

9. ADOLESCENCE IS A TRANSITIONAL PERIOD
Adolescence is a period of transition and rapid change.
Neither the person is called a child nor an adult because
the individual has crossed childhood and yet to reach the
stage of adulthood. Thus the status of the individual is
vague and diffused and there is confusion about the roles
he/she is going to play. Sometimes his innocent behaviour
is either called ‘childish’ or ‘too big for his age.

10. It is a general characteristic of the adolescence
period. During this stage, there is a change in
physical, psychological and sociological aspects of
an individual along with values, attitudes, interests
and behaviour. Thus consistency and inconsistency
are found in the life cycle.
ADOLESCENCE IS A PERIOD OF
CHANGE

11. ADOLESCENCE IS A PERIOD OF
EGOCENTRIC AND PROBLEM AGE
The sudden and rapid change of physical and
psychological aspects during this stage create a
problem for the adolescent. Adolescence youth are
interested to solve their problem independently and try
to achieve independence from parents establishes,
cooperative and workable relationships with peers and
preparing for a meaningful vocation. But sometimes
they cannot solve the problem, which itself creates a
problem for them.

12. ADOLESCENCE IS A TIME OF THE SEARCH FOR
IDENTITY
Each of the periods has its own problems that must be solved if the
individual is to enter the next period without handicap. Adolescence
is perhaps no more important stage of development than any others,
but it is the last stage before adulthood and it, therefore, offer to both
parents and teacher the last opportunity to educate a child for his
adult responsibility.
During this period adolescents begin to search for their identity and
try to develop individuality in their way which sometimes leads to an
identity crisis in some adolescence.

13. ADOLESCENCE IS A PERIOD OF UNREALISM
During this period the aspirations, thoughts and achievements etc. are more
idealistic rather than realistic. Young boys and girls think the more unrealistic,
false and illogical ideas which sometimes hurt and disappoint them in life. It is
found out that the false idealistic ideas disappear gradually and adolescence
sees their life, family and friends more realistically.
ADOLESCENCE IS A PERIOD OF HERO-WORSHIP AND
SEXUAL MATURITY
During this period the boys and girls consider themselves they are heroes and
heroine of the life cycle. They think that they can do and undo everything
during their life span without understanding the reality of life. The above
feelings take place due to sudden sexual development on the part of boys and
girls.

14. ADOLESCENCE IS A PERIOD OF INTENSELY
EMOTIONAL
During this period the youth often results in intense excitement and deep
depression. Sometimes he/she may exhibit a ‘know-it-all’ attitude. Boys
like to be thought big strong and healthy. Girls desire prettiness. In both
the sexes, there is interest in an emphasis on physical attractiveness
and good grooming.

15. ADOLESCENCE IS A PERIOD OF SEXUAL
DELINQUENCY
During this period sexual manifestation may cause self-
consciousness and desire for other ties. It is a period of
mutual liking, thus homosexual and heterosexual feelings
create confusion among adolescence.

16. ADOLESCENCE IS A PERIOD OF
HIGH MORAL VALUES AND
SACRIFICE
During this period high moral values are
seen. The adolescent youth like to serve in
fairs, festivals, social gatherings etc. and
sacrifice their conveniences for social
service due to their high moral feelings.

17. ADOLESCENCE IS A CO-PERIOD OF STORM AND STRESS:- Many Adolescents come into conflict
with norms. They are divided between independence and conformity. Their need to establish their
identity often makes them confronting others.

18. ACQUIRING SKILLS AND BUILDING UP
ATTITUDE:- During early Adolescence
various skills and special abilities are
developed. In the later Adolescence,
the individual is more interested in the
vocational courses, which will be useful
useful for his adult life. He also takes
interest in reading novels, stories and
other literature concerned with
romance, scientific invention,
adventures, biographies etc. The
reasoning and abstract thinking also
develop considerably in Adolescence.

19. Western culture emphasizes
the teenage years as
appropriate for establishing
one's independence as a
mature person. The
experiences of an
Adolescent represent a
struggle towards the
advancement of the
behaviour pattern. The
Adolescent becomes an
emancipated person who
attempts to achieve a new
self-definition in many ways.
ADOLESCENCE IS A PERIOD OF INDIVIDUALS' EMANCIPATION:-

20. WESTERNIZED INTERESTS:-
Adolescents are primarily interested in knowing
more about sex, and are especially curious about
birth control, "pills", abortion and pregnancy. Boys
on the other had want to know about venereal
diseases, enjoyment of sex, sexual intercourse and
birth control. Their major interests is in sexual
intercourse, its context and its consequences.
Adolescents today are sexually very active. Some of
the sexual behaviour and practices of Adolescence
are during, masturbation, pre-marital sexual
behaviour and homosexual tendencies.

21. Friendships are likely to be closer and
more intense in Adolescence than at
any other time of life. Adolescents have
the most fun when they are doing
something with their friends with whom
they feel free, open, involved, excited
and motivated. An important part of
many teenagers' lives is the music they
listen to, binding them to their peers
and separating them from their parents.
Music is an important symbol, and rock
music stands or many things in a
teenager's life.

22. ADOLESCENCE IS A THRESHOLD OF ADULTHOOD -
They want to create an impression that they are close to adults which they show in
their dress and behavior, associated with the adult status like smoking, drinking,
using drugs, engaging in sex etc.,

23. Hormonal
changes and
psychological
stress can cause
uncontrollable
amotions among
adolescents

25. THE REBELLIOUS TENDENCY :
Adolescent boys and girls have a
great tendency to rebel. They do not
believe in traditional rules, do not
follow the rules made by the elders,
they do not like what they tell them,
which is why they try to change
them. They learn to take on
challenges that cause them to rebel
if they don't have a point in mind.

26. RAGE AND VIOLENT TENDENCY :
Adolescence is the period in which the boy and the girl develop so many changes that affect their
mental strength, causing irritation and they become angry and violent.

27. INTEREST IN SELECTION OF VOCATION :-
Adolescence is the period in which boys
and girls have loyalty in their careers, they
try to stand in their feet and try to do
something good and they are always
nervous about it. They don't understand
that in what career they should pursue.
For this , they also try to take advice from
their parents.

28. ABJURE FROM RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION
AND UNTOUCHABILITY :
In the adolescence, boys and girls do not
have any caste discrimination, discrimination
related to religion or the spirit of
untouchability. Rather, they get away from
these discrimination and live together, play
together and try to improve the environment.

29. ATTENTION ON PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
In adolescence, girls become increasingly focused on their
physical development. They're most concerned about their
body growth, which is why they're starting to notice
themselves. They want to be noticed by others.

30. HUNGER :
In adolescents, Boys and girls have a great attention towards food. They are fond of different kinds of foods. They get used
to eating something every hour or two. They prefer junk food the most.

31. DEVELOP A SENSE OF UNITY AND COOPERATION :
In adolescence, the spirit of unity and cooperation is
also developed. Group - playing develops the feeling of
sharing. When children live together, they develop a
spirit of unity and cooperation. The spirit of play together
has changed into a sense of living together. The girls
help their parents in the kitchen.

32. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEX :
The child 's sense of sex starts to develop at this stage. Feeling of sex is a common
phenomenon in boys and girls. Sickness like nightfall in boys start coming and girls have a
menstrual cycle.

33. DEVELOPMENT OF IMAGINATION
POWER :
At this stage, the boys and
the girls develop their
imagination faster and start
day dreaming. They get too
much lost in the imagination
that affects their lives, and
they may also become good
artists like musicians and
Painters.

34. CURIOSITY AND DEPRESSION :
In this stage the boys and the
girls are most depressed. The
most apathy/depression is
related to their love affair. Love
affairs are common at this age
and they have little sense of
what they are doing because of
which they are anxious and
Depressed.

35. Physical
Development
Intellectual
Development
Emotional
Development
Social
Development
Moral
Development

38. Boys will experience a range of emotions as they go through
puberty. At times, they may feel irritable, sad, and even
depressed. They may feel many different emotions related to
their sexuality, including desire, confusion, and fear.
Emotions start to level out by the end of puberty.
However, many young girls will experience a wider range of
emotions when they begin puberty. Sometimes it will feel like
a storm of emotions, ranging from irritability to sadness. Your
daughter may experience confidence issues for the first time
in her life. Emotions start to level out by the end of puberty.

40. FORMATION OF GROUPS :-
Adolescents form their own groups in adolescence. However, this group
is not as temporary as that of childhood groups. The main purpose of
these groups is to entertain. Groups are formed for tourism, dance,
music, picnics, etc. Groups of teens are often separated.
DEVELOPMENT OF FRIENDSHIP :-
Friendships develops during adolescence. Boys do friendship with boys
and girls with girls in the beginning, however in later adolescence, boys
and girls are also interested in making friends with girls and boys. They
appear before each other with their best costume, ornaments and
adornments.
DEVOTION TO THE GROUP :-
Adolescents are highly devoted to their groups. The manners, costumes,
thoughts, etc. of all the members of the group are almost the same. The
adolescent idealizes and tries to follow what his group believes.

41. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL QUALITIES :
As a group member, the adolescents develops
enthusiasm, empathy, cooperation, goodwill,
leadership, etc. Their desire is to gain a special place in
the group for which they develop different social
qualities.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEELINGS OF SOCIAL
MATURITY :-
In adolescence, the desire to behave as adults
develops in adolescents. They seek respect in society
through their actions and manners. By considering
themselves socially mature, they strive to fulfil their
responsibilities towards society.

42. INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
:-
Adolescents may be influenced by the
ideas of political parties in their
Adolescence. Adolescents are generally
influenced by a political ideology and
become followers of a political party.
The adolescent acts of kindness or
assistance to gain respect, dignity and
admiration in the team. While it helps
adolescents in their social development,
it is also likely that they become
adolescent's boss by crossing the
wrong path into a contorted political
environment.

45. ABILITY TO GENERALIZE FACTS
In adolescence, the level of mental
development becomes so high that the
ability to generalize the facts obtained from
problem solving in adolescents increases
considerably. With the help of the rules he
learns in problem solving, he can easily
solve other problems as well. That is to
say, in adolescence, adolescents have the
ability to generalize in an abstract manner.

46. CONCENTRATION
In this stage, the mental
development of teenagers becomes
of such a level that their ability to
concentrate increases. Although this
type of ability is also there in late
childhood, it is not so much
developed in it.

47. FORMAL OPERATIONS IN THINKING
One of the characteristics of mental development
in adolescence is that in this the adolescent thinks
about some object or event hypothetically. Now to
do this it is not necessary for the object to be in
front of him or the event to happen. In this stage,
the thinking of adolescents is more systematic
and with the help of all kinds of formal operations,
they are able to do different types of analysis.
Now they keep their thinking process so logical
and systematic in solving any problem that they
have least difficulty in solving any kind of
problem.

48. DEVELOPMENT OF MEMORY POWER
Vocabulary expands more in adolescence and they are
used more in different situations. The result of this is
that the memory power of teenagers becomes more
developed. Due to this developed memory power, he
also correctly imagines those situations and stimuli
which are not physically present in front of him. They
can now retain a fact in their memory for a longer
period of time. In other words, long-term memory
becomes stronger during adolescence.

49. INCREASE IN THE ABILITY TO GRASP AND
UNDERSTAND
In adolescents, the ability to understand the
behavior and interactions of others increases
significantly. They quickly understand the
hidden fact in something and solve the most
difficult problem.
INCREASE IN THE ABILITY TO MAKE DECISIONS
Adolescents have the ability to independently
decide on a subject. Their level of mental
development becomes so high that they clearly
differentiate between reality and ideals. Their
mental maturity becomes so much that they
can make a final decision by considering various
alternatives of the subject or problem.

50. INCREASE IN THE ABILITY
TO COMMUNICATE WITH
OTHERS
In adolescence, mental
development becomes so
much that they can clearly
discuss any subject with
any person in a logical
manner.

51. ABILITY TO SOLVE PROBLEMS BY ABSTRACT
SYMBOLS
The capacity of abstract reasoning increases
considerably in adolescents. Their mental maturity
increases to such an extent that they start thinking
successfully on the solution of those problems in
which the solution can be found with the help of
signs and symbols. They start thinking about
national and international problems and develop a
unique ability to think about these problems in the
form of abstract qualitative concepts.

52. UNDERSTANDING MORAL CONCEPTS
One of the characteristics of the mental
development of adolescence is that in this stage
moral values are developed in
adolescents. Although some moral values are
developed in later childhood, but in later childhood
whatever is said by his parents or teacher, he
blindly accepts it. But in this stage he makes a
critical evaluation of moral values and makes a
clear distinction between what is good and what is
bad according to social values.

53. MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Moral development is the process by which people develop the
distinction between right and wrong (morality) and engage in
reasoning between the two (moral reasoning).

54. Levels of Moral Development Age Stages Included in This Level
Preconventional Morality 0 to 9 Stage 1: Obedience and
punishment Stage 2:
Individualism and exchange
Conventional Morality Early adolescence to
adulthood
Stage 3: Developing good
interpersonal relationships
Stage 4: Maintaining social
order
Postconventional Morality Some adults; rare Stage 5: Social contract and
individual rights stage 6:
STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Kohlberg's theory is broken down into three primary levels. At each level of moral
development, there are two stages. Similar to how Piaget believed that not all people
reach the highest levels of cognitive development, Kohlberg believed not everyone
progresses to the highest stages of moral development.

57. https://www.bednotesatoz.in/2023/04/mental-development-during-adolescence.html
https://educerecentre.com/characteristics-of-adolescence/
https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/child-development/11-major-characteristics-of-adolescence-
child-development/1111
https://www.samareducation.com/2022/06/adolescence-development-meaning-and-
characteristics.html
https://www.brainkart.com/article/Characteristics-of-Adolescence_2113/
https://www.verywellmind.com/kohlbergs-theory-of-moral-development-2795071
REFERENCES