muhammad jawhar

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Laboratory
StudentName: Ahmed Naseh Latif
Class: 4 Stage – Group:B1
CourseTitle: PLC Lab.
Department: Mechanic and MechatronicEngineering
EXP NO: 3
EXP.Name: Control of Conveyor System Using PLCs and
Sensors Objectives
College of Engineering
Salahaddin University-Erbil
Academic Year 2020-2021

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Abstract
Part of the requirements in a junior-level measurements & instrumentation course (for an
Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology program) includes an end-of-semester
design project. One possible project is the design and implementation of a conveyor control
system. For this project, the conveyor simulator is pre-fabricated and equipped with a 24-volt
DC motor mounted directly to a plastic spindle for driving the conveyor belt, a freely rotating
plastic spindle for the opposite side of the conveyor belt, and two Plexiglas sides. Three IR
reflective sensors (one in the middle and one at each end) are used to detect the position of an
object on the conveyor. The objective of the project is for students to design the software
(using LabVIEW) and hardware interfacing electronics for the conveyor control system such
that it mimics the operation of a conveyor with beginning, stamping, and ending stations.
Students are required to use a National Instruments data acquisition system with analog I/O
and digital I/O capability. This paper provides a detailed listing of the engineering
requirements for the system, the functional test procedure for verifying proper operation of the
system, and results. In addition, since this conveyor control system is also a lab project for a
sophomore-level PLC course, results are provided for the PLC-based control system along
with an assessment based on the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages for PC vs.
PLC control. Recommendations are included to help ensure student success on the project.
The PC-based control system project has been found to be an effective end-of-semester
project for two reasons. First, it integrates both hardware and software design while utilizing
information covered from prerequisite courses. Second, due to the slow time response
characteristics of this system, PC-based control is suitable for this application.
Introduction
Students are provided with a prebuilt conveyor simulator and a PC-based DAQ system
containing analog I/O and digital I/O capability. The objective is to design a control system
for the conveyor in order to meet a set of practical engineering requirements. This project is
appropriate for a measurements and instrumentation course since it requires both hardware
and software design for interfacing the conveyor to a PC-based DAQ system for a
measurement and control application. Infrared proximity sensors are used for detecting the
position of an object on the conveyor. The time response characteristics for this system are
sufficiently slow such that control theory for dynamic control applications is not needed.

3. 3
Upon the completion of this experiment, the student should be able to Objectives:
To learn how PLCs are used in automation systems.
To learn how to use sensors in automation systems.
Equipments Required:
Siemens S7 PLC unit, conveyor belt, proximity sensor (B11), photo sensor (B10), Metallic
cylinder, and plastic cylinder.
Theoretical background:
The single track conveyer belt is for connecting two operating stations or units in order to
assemble flexible manufacturing facilities .using automatic handling equipment it can be
combined with any functional unit or operating module. The conveyor belt consists of a
singletrack belt that is equipped with an electrical drive and includes an optical sensor for
detecting when work pieces reach the end of the conveyor and an inductive sensor in the
middle of the belt. The mechanical design of the belt employs metal profiles that allow for
additional installation options (sensors, cylinders) to easily be retrofitted.

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Questions:
1-A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any
physical contact.
A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic
radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object
being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different proximity sensor
targets demand different sensors. For example, a capacitive proximity sensor or photoelectric
sensor might be suitable for a plastic target; an inductive proximity sensor always requires a
metal target.
Proximity sensors can have a high reliability and long functional life because of the absence of
mechanical parts and lack of physical contact between the sensor and the sensed object.
Proximity sensors are also used in machine vibration monitoring to measure the variation in
distance between a shaft and its support bearing. This is common in large
steam turbines, compressors, and motors that use sleeve-type bearings.
A proximity sensor adjusted to a very short range is often used as a touch switch.
2-the motor will not turn run because key 1 is used to move CCW and key 2 is used to move
CW