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Issued December 2013 Page 1 of 83
TA Instruments
What’s New in
TRIOS Software
What’s New in TRIOS Software V3.0
Refer to the What’s New in TRIOS Software V3.0 document.
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.6.2
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
• Rheology TTS fix for split signals
• ARES-G2/RSA-G2 fix for limited users conducting firmware upgrade
• ARES-G2 firmware update Revision AP.
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.6.1
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
• DHR: Fixed problems with Control panel locking up after setting the gap or running a test
Page 2 of 83
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.6
New Product Support
• Electrorheology (ER) Accessory Support for the Discovery Hybrid Rheometers: ER option for testing
ER fluids in an AC/DC electrical field in both oscillation and steady shear test modes. The ER option
can test materials in parallel plate and concentric cylinder geometries.
• ARES-G2 Double Wall Ring (DWR) for Interfacial Rheology: Interfacial option for measuring the
interfacial shear properties at liquid-liquid or liquid-gas interfaces using the double wall ring geometry.
Page 3 of 83
• Disposable plates for DHR Dielectric Accessory: Used for curing thermosetting materials under vari-
ous temperature profile while measuring dielectric and mechanical properties simultaneously.
• Partitioned Cone-Plate for ARES-G2: A geometry consisting of a plate and a ring for measuring high
viscous elastic fluids such as polymer melts at high strain and strain rates while reducing the effect of
secondary flows and sample fracturing. The partitioned plate can be paired with a plate or a cone.
Page 4 of 83
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
General TRIOS
• File > Open dialog: Preview and thumbnail support of last displayed graph in Windows Explorer File
> Open dialog. NOTE: Files must have been previously saved in TRIOS V2.6.
• Procedure naming improvement: A procedure can now be named while it is set up in an experiment. If
you save a procedure and change the filename when you save it, you will receive a warning that the
filename is different from your procedure name and you will be able to verify that they match.
• Graph X-Y values: In addition to the tool tip that appears when you hover the cursor over a point,
when you click on a point, the value will appear on the Status Bar to the left of the clock. Once a point
has been selected, the cursor keys can be used to move back and forth along the curve.
Page 5 of 83
• Graph axis fonts: All axis variable fonts are linked and can be changed at the same time using font size
setting on the Graph >Format tab. The tick mark label fonts are also linked and can be changed in the
same way. Format font size also works for title, annotations, analysis, and any combination of selected
text.
• Graph context menu: Draw removed and Show legend added
• Derivative: Moved from Graph > Edit to Graph > Analysis tab
Discovery Hybrid Rheometer
• New instrument firmware
• New procedure step: Conditioning Electrorheology (available when accessory is installed)
• Zero gap by axial force added as an option
• Transient data collection added to standard controlled stress oscillation
• Global axial force conditions are now recorded in results file and can be viewed in the Parameters list
Page 6 of 83
ARES-G2
• New instrument firmware:
• WinCE - NK.bin
• WinCe - NKLX.bin
• AresG2 DSP - AresG2hb.ldr
• RsaG2 DSP - RsaG2hb.ldr
• Enhanced Arbitrary Wave test procedure: The Arbitrary Waveshape test now allows the definition of
the strain and temperature history by supplying one or more equations for strain and a temperature pro-
file as a function of time. Up to four individual equations (defining a zone), each with a specified dura-
tion, can be used in one step. The temperature profile consists of up to four isothermal or ramp zones.
Page 7 of 83
• End of Test (EOT) Conditioning step: The End of Test (EOT) conditioning step is now available for
the ARES-G2. The EOT defines the instruments settings for environmental system, transducer, motor
and stage control after the procedure is completed.
Note that the end of test condition step is a passive step and sets the conditions when the test is
terminated, either normally, or by the user or the instrument. If you want the end of test conditions
applied even if the test is terminated prematurely, the EOT conditioning block should be placed at the
beginning of the procedure. If it is desired to change the EOT conditions based on when the procedure
is terminated, more than one EOT can be used in a procedure. The position within the procedure in
reference to the step when the procedure is terminated defines the EOT conditions that are applied.
With the addition of this new step, the End of Test Options that were previously accessed from the
TRIOS Options menu have been removed.
• Other enhancements and fixes:
• Trim gap implemented for cones
• Temperature ramps for fluid bath repaired
Discovery DSC
• Minor bug fixes
Discovery TGA
• Minor bug fixes
Page 8 of 83
Analysis
• Added ‘Best Fit’ option to model list for flow curves. Two labels are generated: one with R2
values for
all the applicable models, and one complete analysis for the one with the best value.
• TTS improvements:
• TTS Wizard: Once suitable data has been loaded and graphed, the TTS ribbon becomes active.
The Wizard steps you through the procedure to generate a Master Curve.
• Curves can be added and removed after starting a TTS session
• The Master Curve temperature is now included as part of the step name and can now be created at
any chosen temperature using the WLF or Arrhenius model to shift the data.
1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0
Shear rate (1/s)
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
Viscosity
(Pa.s)
120.0
0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Stress
(Pa)
Page 9 of 83
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.5.2
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
• Thermal Discovery: Updated to stabilize Discovery thermal instruments and reduce incidents of USB-
related interruptions
• Fixed bugs with Instrument (DSC and TGA) time synchronization with TRIOS
• Fixed the blank screen with a cursor issue on the common cabinet.
• Smoother TGA furnace motion at the up position
• Auto sampler communication issues improved significantly
• Fixed the TGA tare status stuck and weight calibration stuck issues
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.5.1
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
• DHR: Updated embedded code V9.14
• Rheology Procedures: Fixed issues saving images with procedures
• Graph: Addressed issue with copying of the graph
• File Importer: Added missing Orchestrator file importer (.TAD and RSD)
• Thermal Discovery: Fixed issue where the sample name would be cleared if a procedure template was
selected after entering the sample name once the experiment starting running
Page 10 of 83
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.5
Feature Enhancements
Dielectric Accessory Support for Discovery Hybrid Rheometers
TRIOS V2.5 includes support for the new Dielectric Accessory for Discovery Hybrid Rheometers.
Page 11 of 83
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
General TRIOS
• Thermal: History View now supported on a 64-bit PC with 32-bit Office installed
• File Manager: Added button to collapse and expand documents within the File Manager
Data Representation and Analysis
• Time Temperature Superpositioning (TTS) Enhancements
• Temperature displayed to only one decimal place in legend
• Removed original file name from the default session name
• Graph axis values displayed as 1, 10, 100 rather than 0, 1, 2
• Support for dielectric data
• Removed restriction on using specific variables
• Graph settings and variables may now be changed during a TTS session
• Added reference curve temperature to the master curve step name
• Added *** to legend text for the reference curve
• Colors and symbols no longer change when starting TTS session
• Modulus crossover model enhanced to search for multiple crossovers points
• Default graph font settings updated to a larger font size
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• Export and Copy: Option added to export at a fixed size (previous option, WYSIWYG, remains)
Discovery Hybrid Rheometer Instrument Control
• Updated DHR firmware V9.13 to support Dielectric Accessory
• Procedure setup
• Time can be entered in seconds or hh:mm:ss format and is set from the Display window in TRIOS
Options
• Save Waveform option is enabled by default for Oscillation test types
• Flow Sweep: Steady State Sensing parameters modified to be consistent with ARES-G2 imple-
mentation
• Zero Gap: For DHR and AR-G2, the zero gap routine has been changed to remove the extra step of
positioning the geometries close together
• Image (Camera) collection and display: Repaired bug on all operating systems
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• Environmental control panel
• Removed DISABLE function and incorporated with IDLE function
• Added status of Environmental system
ARES-G2 and RSA-G2 Instrument Control
• Updated ARES/RSA firmware
• Updated versions:
• ARES-G2/RSA-G2 V12.807
• ARES DSP/RSA DSP V12.803
• Power V12.807, LinCodr/Keypad V12.716, Motor PRT 12.625, Xducer PRT 12.625,
FCO Phase Fire V12.714
• Experiment is aborted if LN2 or purge gas supply run out during active experiment
• Static IP addressing for the instrument is supported
• Procedure setup
• Save Waveform option is enabled by default for Oscillation test types
• Time can be entered in seconds or hh:mm:ss format and is set from the Display window in TRIOS
Options
• Real Time Panel - Time/Points remaining: For time based procedure steps, the time remaining is
shown in the control panel. For the other procedure step types the points remaining is shown.
• Temperature Ramp Iso Strain Test: Stage now correctly moves to compensate for the geometry expan-
sion when selected
• RSA: Minimum sample thickness for tension and fibre clamps reduced
Page 14 of 83
• When connecting to an ARES/RSA: The data from the instrument is no longer loaded by default if the
instrument is idle. You can manually load by selecting the data from the File Manager.
• Image (Camera) collection and display: Repaired bug on all operating systems
Discovery DSC Instrument Control
• Updated Discovery DSC firmware V5.4.0.21
• Instrument notifications messages were improved and clarified
• Enhanced robustness of Table View for run sequence creation
• Touch Screen
• A confirmation message is posted when Go to Next Segment is initiated from the Run Details view
• Purge gas changes for GDM (gas delivery module) made for better handling of error and zero flow
conditions
• Improved communication between TRIOS and instrument
NOTE: The firmware upgrade process takes more time (approximately 10
minutes) for this release and will reboot the instrument multiple times. TRIOS will
display the progress and close when the process is complete.
Page 15 of 83
Discovery TGA Instrument Control
• Updated Discovery TGA firmware V5.4.0.21
• Instrument notifications messages were improved and clarified
• Touch Screen: When selecting only the Verification option for Weight Calibration, the calibration is no
longer performed as well
• Heat Exchanger changes:
• Automatically turns on at start of experiment and turns off upon completion of the post test condi-
tion
• If an experiment is manually stopped, the heat exchanger will remain on until 50°C
• Whenever the evolved gas heater is enabled, the heat exchanger will be on
• Purge gas changes for GDM (gas delivery module) made for better handling of error and zero flow
conditions
• Improved communication between TRIOS and instrument
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.4
Feature Enhancements
Analysis Reports
Results from a single file or multiple files can be combined to create an analysis report. In addition to
generating table report, you can also use the data to create graphs based on the analysis results.
PCA Accessory Support for DSC
NOTE: The firmware upgrade process takes more time (approximately 10
minutes) for this release and will reboot the instrument multiple times. TRIOS will
display the progress and close when the process is complete.
Page 16 of 83
TRIOS V2.4 includes support for the Photocalorimetry Accessory (PCA) for the Discovery DSC
Page 17 of 83
ARES/RSA G2
Modify Running Procedure
• Procedure parameters of an active step can now be modified. The specific parameters that can be
edited depend on the test being executed. To edit them, click the Running method step in the Control
Panel.
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• Procedure steps that have not been run can now be edited or disabled. Click on the Experiment tab of
the running Results File and expand the Procedure node. Steps that have been already run are greyed
out, and the current step is italicized. These steps cannot be modified. After the current step, the nor-
mal mechanism for modifying a procedure applies.
Step Termination Criteria
Within each procedure step, you now can define conditions in which a step is halted ahead of its normal
termination conditions. Test mode steps can be conditionally terminated by checking the limit or
equilibrium of a test variable.
Page 19 of 83
TRIOS Library
If you are running TRIOS software on a Windows 7 PC, you will be able to add TA experimental column
headers to view experiment information by selecting File > Open within TRIOS. This feature assists you
in locating the desired file(s) using windows operating system functions and also consolidates your TRIOS
files into a TRIOS library.
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
General TRIOS
• Discovery DSC/TGA Data Files: Step naming enhanced to use the last executing method segment as
the step name as seen within the File Manager
• Filename Token: Procedure Name added to filename token list (corresponds to user-entered procedure
name)
• Resources page of TRIOS Options: Added link to Support Videos on TA Instruments’ corporate web-
site
• WINUA Export: Previously when exporting TRIOS DSC files to WINUA, the cell constant would be
1 (requiring manual input for this parameter). The actual cell constant is now transcribed.
• Native 64-bit version of TRIOS
Data Representation and Analysis
• Zoom enhancements
• Smooth: Can now smooth entire curve or a portion of the curve
• Point Graph (Rheology): When converting between Lissajous and waveform plots for stored point dis-
play there is no longer an erroneous notification message posted
• Graph: Fixed slow graph response when overlaying Rheology repeated creep files
• Transformations: Added support for transformation of transient to oscillation data using window corre-
lation
• Step Change Analysis: Fixed reported error of unnormalized step change result (in mg) [100X high]
when the analyzed signal was weight %
• Crossover Modulus: Calculation now uses cubic spline rather than straight line interpolation. NOTE:
This can result in the marker not appearing at the graphical crossover because the graph points are con-
nected by straight lines
Page 20 of 83
• Variables: Oscillatory torque (sample) added as a variable for AR/DHR
AR/DHR Instrument Control
• Updated DHR firmware V9.11
• Support for Asphalt Linear Amplitude Sweep
• Improved network speed
• Friction correction made to fast sampled flow data
• Enhanced error checking and reporting
• Option added to allow a user-defined procedure name. This name defaults to the procedure filename, if
applicable
• Added spreadsheet display option for steady state flow point display
• Oscillatory mapping reference position now independent of the Home position
• Modified Interfacial geometry to allow selection of the Du Noüy ring double gap
• Step termination for Repeated Creep step clears any buffered data in the instrument before starting the
next procedure step
• Added option on Repeated Creep step to reset displacement at start of step
ARES G2 & RSA G2 Instrument Control
• Updated ARES/RSA firmware:
• ARES G2/RSA G2 V12.419
• ARES DSP V12.504
• Power V12.508 FCO Phase Fire V12.521
• Rheology Procedure Name: Option added to allow a user-defined procedure name. This name defaults
to the procedure filename, if applicable
• Control Panel: Fixed erroneous reporting of negative time for remaining points
• RSA Geometry: Changed “Dual Clamp Bending” to “Mixed Clamp Bending” on the Geometry page
Page 21 of 83
• Gap Compensation value entered into the current geometry template is now sent to the instrument
upon selection of the geometry (previously sent at the start of the test)
• Variables: Changed RSA-G2 stiffness to units of N/m vs. N/mm and ARES units to N.m/rad
Discovery DSC Instrument Control
• Updated Discovery DSC firmware V5.3.0.104
• Experimental Setup: When loading a procedure file or selecting a different procedure type, the sample
name no longer clears
• Heat Capacity Calibration:
• Calibration expanded to allow selection of Polystyrene or a user defined standard in addition to the
default sapphire (access TRIOS/Options/Discovery DSC/Heat Capacity)
• Calibration analysis now supports the ability to average multiple heat capacity experiments for Cp
calibration
• Heat Capacity Standards signals are available for plotting within the “Show Extended list” in the
Select Variables window
• Modulated DSC:
• Addressed Data on and Data off not working correctly when running a modulating experiment
• Modulation period can be changed within an experiment
• Modulated and Standard mode experiments can be mixed in a running sequence
• Time signal properly starts at zero
Page 22 of 83
• Saved Data File: If a saved Tzero calibration file is opened, the reference pan number now displays
properly
• Modify Running Method: Segments with check boxes or drop down lists now accept changes properly
• Discovery Thermal Database Backup Utility: TRIOS includes an automated mechanism to backup
important records stored on the instrument in the event of a hardware failure so that information can be
restored. These functions are meant for use by TA Service Representatives and are setup by default so
no intervention is necessary. Setup is located in TRIOS/Options/TGA/General.
Discovery TGA Instrument Control
• Updated Discovery TGA firmware V5.3.0.75
• Experimental Setup: When loading a procedure file or selecting a different procedure type, the sample
name and pan selection no longer clears
• Control Panel: Added option to tare a single pan from within this panel
• Modify Running Method: Segments with check boxes or drop-down lists now accept changes properly
• Discovery Thermal Database Backup Utility: TRIOS includes an automated mechanism to backup
important records stored on the instrument in the event of a hardware failure so that information can be
restored. These functions are meant for use by TA Service Representatives and are setup by default so
no intervention is necessary. Setup is located in TRIOS/Options/TGA/General.
Page 23 of 83
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.3.4
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
General TRIOS Analysis Changes
• Fixed issue where TTS shift factors were wrong if the temperatures are not in order.
• Corrected issue which resulted in inaccurate absolute weight change (in mg) being reported by Signal
Change analysis of weight % data.
Discovery HR and AR Series Rheometers
• Strain is now zeroed at start of first repeated creep step in a procedure.
• Fixed bug where the geometry dimensions were not updated internally after a dimension change on a
concentric cylinders, double concentric cylinders and interfacial geometry. Seen as sending the wrong
torque when controlling stress.
• Fixed bug where the bearing friction value was not sent to the instrument for a new geometry or if the
entered value was outside the calibration limits.
• Fixed bug where gap temperature compensation value was not cleared prior to new calibration.
• New Firmware for DHR V9.09
Discovery TGA
• Added support for optional 4 Gas GDM (Gas Delivery Module) that allows for the connection of four
input gases and the blending of two of these gases.
• Added “Modify Running Method” capability.
• New Firmware for TGA V5.1.0.54
Discovery DSC
• Added “Modify Running Method” capability.
• Autosampler enhancements to reset autosampler function
• New Firmware for DSC V5.1.0.71
Page 24 of 83
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.3.1
Feature Enhancements
Discovery Thermal Dual Instrument Support
TRIOS V2.3.1 includes support for the operation of two Discovery Thermal instruments from a single
common cabinet.
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
General TRIOS
• Graph Legend options have been enhanced to include additional customization options (e.g., match
curve color, display/hide units). In addition, these options are now more readily available on the
Graph/Format ribbon (in addition to within the Legend Properties functions).
Page 25 of 83
• Results File Lists can now be saved and restored at a later time. Results Files provides an easy way to
recall the current list of files in the file manager for future recall. This function doesn't save the current
state of the program, just the list of open files. Results files are saved with the file extension *.trfl.
This option is available in the context menu (right-click popup menu) of the File Manager.
• Notification panel now allows selection of weekend days.
Discovery DSC Instrument Control
• Editing of the run sequence in the table view was enhanced with respect to using the copy (fill down)
functionality.
• When manually loading or unloading a sample pan, the lid will automatically open/close as required to
complete the operation.
• Instrument software update process changed to download all supporting files and to automatically
select the files (eliminating the need to select the file for download).
After upgrading, a new history file is created. However, you can still access your previous history file
by clicking on the Instrument Selection button in the History View.
• LN2P: Fixed issues related to the AutoFill option; incorrectly aborting an Auto Fill and failing to re-
enable the Auto Fill after the bulk tank emptied.
Discovery TGA Instrument Control
• Editing of the run sequence in the table view was enhanced with respect to using the copy (fill down)
functionality.
• Manual Weight Calibration improved to prevent process from stopping after Taring first pan.
• Automatic weight calibration was enhanced to stop and not proceed to verification if weight calibra-
tion fails.
NOTE: The firmware upgrade process takes more time (approximately 10
minutes) for this release and will reboot the instrument multiple times. TRIOS will
display the progress and close when the process is complete.
Page 26 of 83
• Instrument software update process changed to download all supporting files and to automatically
select the files (eliminating the need to select the file for download).
After upgrading, a new history file is created. However, you can still access your previous history file
by clicking on the Instrument Selection button in the History View.
• Heat & Hold and Isothermal procedure templates corrected to properly create method based on entered
parameters.
• Post Test Experiment option now properly unloads the pan at the specified temperature.
• The Gas status (Gas 1 or 2) now displays properly in the status bar in the lower right bottom of the
TRIOS window.
ARES/RSA Instrument Control
• Fixed a problem with the Gap Temperature Calibration where the calculated expansion factors were in
some cases not correct.
• In ARES MultiWave tests a problem was fixed that had been causing the motor to drift between mea-
surements when Axial Force control was enabled.
• Fixed a problem with detection of thermal equilibrium in Temperature Steps test.
• Fixed bug when time would not increment properly doing an extremely long experiment.
• Fixed false phase lock errors that could occurred when operating the FCO at 50 Hz.
Discovery HR and AR Instrument Control
• Added support for Torque Calibration kit (PN 581024.001)
• Issues with data sampling during Extensional tests resolved
• Linear amplitude sweep for asphalt—A new sweep type has been added to the oscillation amplitude
sweep procedure to run the proposed AASHTO standard method of test for Estimating Fatigue Resis-
tance of Asphalt Binders Using the Linear Amplitude Sweep. The main test parameters are predefined
NOTE: The firmware upgrade process takes more time (approximately 10
minutes) for this release and will reboot the instrument multiple times. TRIOS will
display the progress and close when the process is complete.
Page 27 of 83
in the method, so to run the test enter a temperature and select Asphalt amplitude sweep from the
combo box.
This test is currently only supported on AR1500ex/AR2000ex/AR-G2 running 8.33 firmware. Firmware
support for DHRs will be added soon.
• Bearing Test Enhancement: An additional check of residual torque following mapping can be selected
as part of the bearing test.
• Fixed bug where Smart Swap geometry sleeves without ID could not be programmed.
Page 28 of 83
Rheology Data Analysis
• Transient (sine strain) oscillatory data may be converted to oscillation data using DFT from the
Analysis > Transform ribbon option or the File Manager > Transformations context menu.
Page 29 of 83
What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.3
Feature Enhancements
Discovery TGA Instrument Support
TRIOS V2.3 includes support for the new Discovery TGA instrument.
Guardian Option Support
A new option is available for the TRIOS software - TRIOS Guardian™. TRIOS Guardian allows the user
to restrict access, set user levels, and record analysis events. Designed primarily for laboratories in
regulated environments, these tools aid with 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. In addition, TRIOS Guardian
provides options for laboratories and users who wish to define specific access rights as well as restrict
calibration, method development, and/or data manipulation routines.
Key features of this functionality are below:
• Restricted Access to Authorized Users: When TRIOS Guardian is enabled, a TRIOS System Admin-
istrator can restrict access to various features within TRIOS Software, thereby defining the authorized
user list. The user list is coupled to work with all local and domain-based Windows user accounts.
• User Levels: Within TRIOS Guardian, each authorized user is assigned either a Standard User Level
or a Basic User Level.
• Audit Trail: The TRIOS Software Notifications pane provides a computer-generated time/date log of
events (inherent to the software), including Windows User ID.
• Results Log: A record of the experimental test conditions and instrument parameters is saved by
default within each data file. If the Guardian™ option is enabled, any performed analysis and results
functions are also stored within the file.
• PDF File Creation: TRIOS Software includes an embedded PDF file generator. This allows any print-
able document to be saved as a PDF.
• File Check: When loading any native TRIOS data file, TRIOS Guardian automatically verifies that the
file has not been tampered with or modified. If TRIOS detects any modification, the data file does not
Page 30 of 83
open and Guardian™ posts a message in the Notification Log. These events are also recorded in the
Notifications (audit trail).
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
Discovery DSC Instrument Control
• Run sequence enhancements related to fill-down in table view
• Temperature calibration table will now allow a manual point entry
• Touch screen software properly updated on an automatic download (e.g., when prompted by the soft-
ware upon connection)
Discovery HR Instrument Control
• Transient data collection added for controlled stress oscillation
• Modify running procedure enhancements
• Soak time at end of temperature ramp is now executed
• Instrument reports outside limits in Last Point panel when data is not being recorded below instrument
specification.
• AR procedures now correctly create procedure from results file to be run on DHR.
ARES-G2 and RSA-G2 Instrument Control
• Fixed a bug which prevented the DETA and DETA-DMA tests from executing properly unless pre-
ceded by a Standard Oscillation test.
• RSA: "Inherit" Axial Force setting now correctly inherits Axial Force Adjustment window value.
• RSA: IsoForce test: When running sequence of two temperature ramps, the second ramp no longer
terminates prematurely when "inherit" is selected.
• Number of points counter fixed so that instrument events would not increment counter.
• Gap Temperature Compensation calibration posts notification message when completed and saved;
Gap Temperature Compensation Calibration no longer fails due to force over range terminating gap
command.
• ARES: Fixed problem with Auto Strain feature in Transient mode oscillation tests incorrectly adjust-
ing commanded strain amplitude; also fixed issue that would sometimes cause the second multiwave
step to not execute correctly.
File Operations
• Any type of TRIOS data file can now be opened in any TRIOS session.
• Exported graph properly returns with legend.
• Improvements to performance when saving to network drives.
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• If you saved a file with statistics displayed in the spreadsheet view, that information will return if saved
to the file.
General TRIOS
• Notifications panel
• Informational messages are no longer displayed by default. To display, click on the Information
button.
• Instrument filter selection added.
• Records TRIOS version each day in addition to each time the program is launched.
• Fixed a bug when saving the notifications to .CSV format
Page 32 of 83
Data Representation and Analysis
• Corrected the delay between the graph and spreadsheet updating during an active experiment.
• Glass Transition analysis added to the DSC Analysis context menu
• FT Rheology improvements for DHR/AR Rheometer low strain data
• General graph enhancements related to oscillatory transient data
• Endset analysis model
Page 33 of 83
What's New in TRIOS Software V2.2
Feature Enhancements
Discovery HR Series Rheometers
TRIOS V2.2 includes support for the new Discovery HR (DHR) Series instruments (DHR-1, DHR-2, and
DHR-3).
LN2P Cooling Accessory Support for Discovery DSC Instrument Control
TRIOS V2.2 includes support for the new LN2P cooling accessory.
Page 34 of 83
DHR/AR Instrument Control
Modify Running Procedure: Procedure steps that have not been run can now be added, moved, edited, or
deleted. Click on the Experiment tab of the running Results File and expand the Procedure node. Steps
that have been already run are greyed out, and the current step is italicized. These steps cannot be
modified. After the current step, the normal mechanism for modifying a procedure applies.
Page 35 of 83
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
Discovery DSC Instrument Control
• Sequence Setup:The last Design View sequence is not automatically loaded when TRIOS is reopened.
To create a new Design Sequence, click the within the Design Pane.
If you wish to load the last sequence, either select Open from the File Manager main toolbar
to load a saved sequence file, or select Open File from the Design View pane
to access the last created sequence saved by TRIOS upon closing the application.
• Calibration
• Fixed bug associated with Use Latest option on the TRIOS Global Calibration page that resulted
in the Tzero calibration not being applied until switching out of the calibration mode (if enabled).
• Custom calibration standards now supported.
• Instrument Options: Changes to instrument options are properly saved when changes are made in
TRIOS options.
• Signals: Added standard heat flow signal to Modulated mode signal list
• Autosampler: Increased speed of autosampler movement
• Touch Screen Interface
• Added option to toggle Air cool On/Off on the More window
• Also added support for LN2P panel
• Autosampler Cycle Tests options were expanded.
Page 36 of 83
ARES-G2 & RSA-G2 Instrument Control
• Flow Sweep (ARES G2 only): New procedure option to allow clockwise/counterclockwise averaging
or alternating collection modes.
• Gap Control Panel
• New Go To Trim Gap Offset button added to enable quick selection within the Gap Control
panel (setting within the Geometry templates).
Page 37 of 83
• Selected closure profile (set within the TRIOS Options) indicated on the Gap Control Panel.
• Environment Control Panel: Changes were made to make operation of environmental control units
within the TRIOS Environmental Control Panel to be more consistent with ARES instrument
temperature panel.
• Rapid-Cooling using the LN2 controller is automatically disabled when the commanded temperature
is reached to prevent excessive consumption of liquid nitrogen.
• Variables: Axial-Force is now reported as part of the measured data during an experiment whether or
not autotension is being used.
AR Series Instrument Control
• Gap Control Panel
• New Go To Trim Gap Offset button added to enable quick selection within the Gap Control
panel (setting within the Geometry templates).
• Selected closure profile (set within the TRIOS Options) indicated on the Gap Control Panel.
Page 38 of 83
Data Representation and Analysis
• Data Reduction Options: The Reduce Data functions allow you to narrow the data range for the
selected data. Select the desired data, then select between reduce, remove and retain to narrow the data
displayed on the graph and corresponding spreadsheet.
• Peak Integration - Partial Areas: Peak Integration options were expanded to allow calculation of
partial areas within the main peak.
• Once the perpendicular lines are in place, you can adjust their position using the Adjust Drops button
on the Commands ribbon.
• EVF Variables: Available variable list for EVF tests corrected.
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• Stamp Point Selection Window: New option added to display an arrow along with values within this
window.
Miscellaneous–TRIOS General
Performance Enhancements: As we develop instruments with increased capabilities, performance
enhancements have been implemented to ensure high data sampling rates are handled smoothly by TRIOS.
In addition, very large files may now be generated that require higher amounts of internal computer
memory to process. As a result, you may now notice that on occasion, TRIOS automatically closes results
file tabs that have not been viewed recently; this occurs if memory runs low, thereby preserving system
performance. To restore the tab double-click the results file in the File Manager.
TA Explorer: The Refresh button was enhanced to clear any old information (for example, changing IP
address). In addition, the TRIOS connection dialog was also changed to refresh the instrument list when
selecting Browse.
Online Help: The online help system was upgraded to allow support of other HTML browsers other than
Internet Explorer.
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What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.1
Feature Enhancements
DSC Instrument Control
Procedures Templates: New standard procedure templates were added for DSC to facilitate easy
experimental setup. These templates include Standard Ramp, Standard Isothermal, Standard Cyclic,
Standard Heat/Cool/Heat, MDSC Conventional, MDSC Quasi-Isothermal, and MDSC Heat Only.
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ARES-G2 Instrument Control
• Gap Loading Options: All the gap options have been moved to a single page, and linear, exponential
and axial force gap closure profiles have been added.
The current closure profile is also shown in the gap pane of the control panel.
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• Sample Loading Step: A new procedure step has been added that when used in combination with the
test step allows a level of experiment automation. The step allows the stage to be moved to the loading
gap, geometry gap, or a user defined gap with a closure profile. There is an option to pause for user
interaction e.g. load sample, trim sample once the desired gap has been reached. In additional data can
be acquired during the closure, and the motor can rotate at a fixed angular velocity.
• ElectroRheology (ER) Accessory Support: Support was added for ARES-G2 ER Accessory.
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Data Presentation
• User-Defined Layout Files for Graph, Spreadsheet and Document: In addition to Defaults for
Graph and Spreadsheet layouts, which are based on procedure type, TRIOS now offers user-defined
graph, spreadsheet and document layouts. This allows the user to save a user-defined layout for future
recall, allowing for greater flexibility in data presentation. There are three types of saved layouts:
• Graph: Axis variables configuration including units and resolution. The axis limits will auto-
scale based on input data unless manual scaling was applied on the saved graph layout.
• Spreadsheet: Column variable configuration, including units and resolution.
• Document: Configuration of all graph and spreadsheet layouts contained in the document,
including step overlays.
• Data Range: The Hide Data functions allow you to parse the data range. Select the desired data, then
select between either Hide Selected or Hide Unselected to remove undesired data from the display
and optimize the scaling for the desired data. Unlike rescaling, the data is “hidden” or removed from
the plot. Just select Unhide All to recall the hidden data.
File Export
• XML Export: TRIOS software now offers the ability to export data to XML (eXtensible Markup Lan-
guage) format. The XML format is a universal data format which can be perfectly adapted to the struc-
ture of the test data. The XML data format allows for seamless portability and readability of data
between third-party programs and devices. Usually, the XML file content is presented in a viewer-
friendly way based on a so-called Schema Definition (XSD-File). TRIOS offers two structure files, the
RheoML and the TA schema. The RheoML structure is designed for rotational rheometer and capillary
data. The TA structure file exports the data of all TAI instruments including Rheology and Thermal
Analysis instruments.
• PDF: Any TRIOS document can be saved to PDF formatted files. Select Print > Print to PDF to save
the desired document. To save a graph as a PDF, click Save As and select PDF.
NOTE: As user-defined layouts have the greatest utility when applied to similar
data (e.g., same procedure types), it is recommended to name the saved data file
accordingly for easier identification and selection. Once saved, this layout can be
reapplied in the future by selection from the Load function.
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Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
Discovery DSC Instrument Control
Calibration Document: The calibration summary page can now be printed.
ARES-G2 & RSA-G2 Instrument Control
• Temperature Offset Table Enhancements: The temperature offset tables were expanded to account
for various environmental control units and their configuration. If values were saved in previous
tables, they should be copied before loading software/firmware to ensure proper conversion.
• FCO Chiller Control: The controls for the controls enable/disable or switching between Chiller, Air,
or Gas source now work properly
• Axial Force Adjustment End of Test Option: When set to Inherit, this mode now uses the
appropriate Axial Force value.
• Firmware Download: The download procedure was modified to always allow the download of
support files to the instrument.
• Axial Tests: Repaired image capture rate. Previously, it was hard-coded to collect at every 1 second.
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AR Series Instrument Control
• Transient data acquisition has been added to oscillation time and amplitude sweeps. If transient is
selected, you still get the correlated data during the experiment, but at the end you also get additional
steps in your data file that contain the transient data (time, torque, and displacement) sampled at
0.978 KHz. Note that the displacement is corrected by an offset to center the sinusoidal signal at zero.
The displacement is also corrected for compliance. The transient can be analyzed using the FT
Rheology analysis option.
• Step Termination: All procedure steps have optional step termination based on either limit checking
or equilibrium.
• Transient Creep: Torque zeroed at end of step.
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Data Presentation and Analysis
• FT Rheology has been added as an upgradeable option for AR Rheometers. This option performs a
discrete Fourier transformation on the displacement and torque signals and extracts the fundamental
and harmonic data. The results are recast as a function of the test variable (amplitude for amplitude
sweeps, time for time sweeps, and frequency for frequency sweeps). The transient total stress, elastic,
and viscous stress can be reconstructed based on the user defined number of harmonics.
• Creep to Oscillation Conversion (Rheology): The transformation of time dependent creep into fre-
quency dependent oscillation variables (J(t) ->G'(ω), G"(ω) ) has been added. This option is available
under the Transformations options.
• TTS Enhancements: The TTS analysis functions have been updated to include the following
enhancements:
• After the data is split either by temperature or frequency, the value of the constant variable
(temperature or frequency) is now appended to the step name for easy identification.
• Mastercurve file can be deleted any time during a TTS session by selecting the mastercurve
step and clicking Delete on the drop-down menu in the File Manager.
• aT and bT replace x-shift and y-shift as variables in the shift factor spreadsheet and graph.
• 1/T has been added to the available variable list in the shift factors step.
• Stamp Point Selection Window: In addition to clicking on a point to label with its curve values, you
can select the Stamp Selected Point option, allowing selection of the desired parameters (including
time and temperature).
• Add Graph Variables to Spreadsheet: This option within the TRIOS User Options has been repaired.
• Smooth: Several smoothing techniques are now available in TRIOS (Polynomial, FFT, and Least-
Squares). The desired option is set within the TRIOS Options > Analysis page. The extent of the
smoothing interval is determined by the user defined window size (1-100: 1 - less smoothing; 100
more)
• Derivative Changes
• Derivative options were expanded to included derivative with respect to (wrt) time,
temperature, or X-axis variable.
• Several derivative techniques are now available in TRIOS (Central difference, Cubic spline,
and Least-Squares). The desired option is set within the TRIOS Options > Analysis page.
• The degree of the derivative smoothing interval is determined by a user-defined window size
(1-100: 1 - less smoothing; 100 more).
• Interactive Adjustment: If you wish to interactively change or adjust the derivative smoothing
interval, click the Adjust option before making the selection above. The Derivative Adjust
window appears, which allows you to adjust the smoothing to a desired level by either 1) mov-
ing the slider bar, or 2) entering a value while simultaneously viewing the smoothed signal and
comparing it to the original data.
• Symbol Density: The default option was changed to Fine. Users now have the option to have a symbol
for every point.
• Invert Axis Option: A new option is available on the Graph > Edit ribbon or within the axis right-
click pop-up menu to invert the displayed data.
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• For Rheology data files, certain geometry fields can be edited, which results in a recalculation of the
file. For example, plate diameter, compliance, inertia.
Miscellaneous - TRIOS General
• Notifications: Enhanced printed copy to adjust for multiple line text.
• Universal Analysis Files: TRIOS can now import Thermal Advantage TGA files. In addition, files
generated with Thermal Advantage software now appear as step overlay plots, which more closely
represents how they were displayed in Universal Analysis Software.
• View > File Scalars: Fixed to display the correct information for ARES-G2, RSA-G2, and
Discovery DSC.
• Menus altered to accommodate new functionality.
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What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.0
Feature Enhancements
Discovery DSC Instrument Support
TRIOS V2.0 includes support for the new Discovery DSC instrument.
AR Instrument Control Support
Full support for the AR-G2, AR 2000ex, and AR 15000ex Rheometers included.
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Additional Hardware Support
RSA-G2 Immersion geometry support added.
General TRIOS Analysis Changes
• Analysis: This component was updated to consolidate all of the analysis parameters into a new Set-
tings window and enhanced to add new functionality. Consult the TRIOS Online Help topic Basic
Steps to Analyze Data for more information.
• Analysis Settings: This includes all of the previously-available functionality (input parameters, output
parameters, and running models windows). In addition, added new functionality for label customiza-
tion. Select the Labels options to customize the displayed analysis label. Select Appearance to
customize color and label options.
• Expanded Analysis Functions: Additional general analysis functions were added to the available list,
including Signal Maximum/Minimum, Peak Integration, Peak Height, and Curve at x and y.
• Adjust Limits: A new function was added, allowing for modification of analysis limits after perform-
ing the analysis. This function is only applicable to a collection of analysis functions. It is particularly
useful for adjusting the tangent lines used for analysis functions in order to ensure the best input limits
are used (for example, Onset). Changes to limits are viewed in real time.
• Smooth Enhancements: The smoothing process was enhanced to display a preview curve before
accepting smoothing operation.
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• Shift /Rotate Functionality Added: The process of curve shifting and curve rotation was added.
Curve shifting moves all of the data points on a curve up or down by a fixed value. Curve rotation
rotates a curve around a defined pivot point. A preview curve is displayed during operation.
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Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
ARES-G2 & RSA-G2 Instrument Control
• Calibration procedures were consolidated into the File Manager > Calibration tab for easy access.
Note that main transducer calibrations, as well as functions to analyze the results of calibration tests
such as Phase Angle Calibration, are still found on the Instrument ribbon under Calibrations.
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• The Temperature Offset Table (located within the Calibration options) was refactored to display the
measured temperature, the reference temperature, and the offset. This form also allows each table to be
separately enabled/disabled while running TRIOS and at instrument startup. The uncorrected tempera-
ture is the temperature monitored when the offset table is deactivated. The corrected temperature is the
temperature recorded when the offset table is active.
• Fixed camera initiation bug that appeared on some computer systems and fixed collection of stale
images at start of test.
• Axial force nomenclature changes.
• Several changes have been made to the Control panel test status. Oscillation Acquisition status is now
correctly displayed for the first point in a step. Steady Acquisition status is now displayed.
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• Motor Control Panel buttons are now selectively enabled and disabled based on running state.
• A new ARES-G2/RSA-G2 test has been added Other-DETA/DMA, where a mechanical frequency
and strain can be commanded in addition to the standard options for DETA frequency profiles. Also,
both the standard Other-DETA and Other-DETA/DMA tests now work with Axial force control.
• Fixed problem with linear Temperature/Frequency sweeps that appeared when number of points is
used rather than increment.
• Steady-state sensing is now enabled in Creep tests.
• Fixed problem with LN2 Off at end of test option not properly disabling the Liquid Nitrogen
controller at the end of the experiment.
File Operations
• Orchestrator and Rheology Advantage files can be imported for data display.
• Expanded export functionality was added to support export of multiple steps and/or multiple files at
once from the File Manager > Export options.
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Data Representation and Analysis
• Plot Header: New option to display fixed parameters at the top of the graph.
• Graph legend: The legend text can be edited by double-clicking within the label.
• Graph properties: Two options are now available for customizing graph properties:
• Automatic (using schemes)
• Custom provides the ability to customize color, symbol, and line type properties by trace and by
differentiator.
• Overlay plot: Added a new option with the Graph>Edit options to easily clear an overlay plot. Also,
use this option to remove added data from a step overlay document.
• Spreadsheet: Fixed Reload Data refresh issue.
• Notifications: New function was added to allow the ability to manually add an entry (note) into the
Notifications log.
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New TRIOS Application Options
• Added ability to save notifications logs (files) in XML format in addition to the standard TA format.
• Added option to close results document at end of the experiment vs. keeping the results displayed.
• Added a prompt to save analysis adjustments when the action has not been completed.
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What’s New in TRIOS Software V1.8
Feature Enhancements
RSA G2 Instrument Support
TRIOS V1.8 includes support for the new RSA G2 instrument.
The TA Instruments RSA-G2 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer tests the dynamic mechanical properties of
solid materials by using a servo drive linear actuator to mechanically impose an oscillatory deformation, or
strain, upon the material being tested.
AR Instrument Control Support
TRIOS V1.8 includes beta instrument control support for AR-G2, AR2000ex, and AR 1500ex
Rheometers.
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General TRIOS Changes
File Manager Changes
The File Manager is a central component of the TRIOS software. It manages displays of the experiment
sequence and results documents, as well as other components specific to the instrument type, such as
calibration and geometry manager. A navigation pane is used to switch between these options.
The view buttons at the bottom of the File Manager navigation pane correspond to different views, such
as Experiment, Results, and Geometry. Depending on the chosen view, the File Manager displays a
different set of panes, lists, toolbar, and information. The contents of the navigation pane change
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depending on the connected instrument type (if online). Each view displays information pertaining to that
view and options for accomplishing tasks within that view.
• Experiments
• Set up new experiments (run sequences).
• Open stored experiment files.
• Start experiments.
• Save experiment files (no data).
• Results
• Open and Display data from TRIOS data files.
• Save and Close open data files.
• Create overlay plots.
• Create a new experiment using the procedure from an open file.
• Export data options.
• Geometry
• Displays list of configured geometries.
• Configure new geometries.
• Display parameters for the selected geometry.
• Calibrate the current geometry.
• Delete geometries.
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Real-Time and Control Panel Consolidation
The Control panel is a central component of the TRIOS Instrument Control Software. To access the
Control panel, click the Home tab > Experiment toolbar > Controls .
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Sections of the Control panel change depending on the state of the instrument – Idle or Running.
• The Idle state enables control over the various functions of the rheometer (Motor, Gap, Environmen-
tal, etc.) used during experiment setup, and the real-time variables display the results of your selec-
tions. The navigation pane and navigation bar are used to switch between these function controls.
• In the Running state, the function controls are replaced with point data. The type of procedure step
being run determines the point data options available. Again, a navigation pane and navigation bar are
used to switch between these options.
Hardware Accessory Support
DETA Accessory: Support for the new Dielectric Thermal Analysis (DETA) Accessory for both the
ARES-G2 and RSA-G2 has been added.
UV Accessory: Support for the UV Curing Accessory for the ARES-G2 Rheometer has been added.
ARES G2 Instrument Control
• Expanded procedure options: Three new procedure types were added.
• Temperature Ramp – IsoStrain
The IsoStrain test is designed to follow the changes in stress or force under changing or constant
environmental conditions over a selected period of time after applying a constant deformation.
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• Temperature Ramp – IsoForce
The IsoForce test is designed to follow the deformation of the sample over a selected time period
under constant load (in tension or compression) and during changing or constant environmental
conditions.
• Cycle Sweep (Fatigue)
In an oscillation cycle sweep, the sample is continuously loaded/unloaded with a cyclic
deformation for a selected number of cycles.
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Data Representation and Analysis
FT Rheology and Non-Linear Analysis Option
The FT-Rheology option in TRIOS incorporates a complete software package to analyze and present the
non-linear oscillation response to a mechanical perturbation. The FT-Rheology package provides the
following features:
• Transformation of the temporal strain and stress functions to the power and phase spectrum. The initial
data set has to be generated using a transient sine strain test or any oscillation test in transient acquisi-
tion mode. The transformed functions are the strain and stress magnitude and phase.
• Extraction of the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. Calculation of the intensity ratio In/1 and the
phase ϕn, the Fourier coefficients (G'n, G"n) and the Chebyshev polynomial coefficients (en, vn), for the
selected harmonic number n. Typical non-linear measures such as: S, T, Q, G'L,G'M, η'L, η'M,… are
extracted as scalars.
• Recast the fundamental and harmonic data as a function of the oscillation test parameters ω, γ, t, and T
for plotting and further evaluation purposes.
• Reconstruct temporal strain and stress for one oscillation cycle from the odd Fourier coefficients.
The FT Rheology option consists of four transformations, and at each transformation a complete new data
file is generated. Like any other transformation, the FT-Rheology transformations can be invoked from the
File Manager or from the FT-Rheology menu on the ribbon.
NOTE: The FT Rheology and Non-Linear Analysis software is an optional package and a separate key is
required. Without this key, this option cannot be used.
Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD) Analysis Option
This function is designed to calculate the Molecular Weight (Mw) and Molecular Weight Distribution
(MWD) of a material from dynamic mechanical frequency sweep data (G'[ω] and G"[ω]) by synthesizing a
distribution based on material properties and an estimate for Mw and MWD. Dynamic data are then
calculated from this distribution and overlaid with the experimental data to determine how closely the two
sets of data agree with one other. The synthetic distribution can consist of between 1 and 10 separate
components of the same material, each with its own Mw and MWD value. This allows for very
complicated, asymmetric distributions to be synthesized, to better model the chemistry of real-world
materials. This function can also be used to calculate dynamic frequency sweep data, without starting from
a reference set of data, and based only on a given Mw, MWD, and material parameters.
NOTE: The MWD software is an optional package and a separate key is required. Without this key, this
option cannot be used.
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Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
ARES-G2 Instrument Control
• Procedure changes
• Transducer handling has been revamped. The Conditioning > Transducer step has expanded
flexibility to Maintain current selections (set via the control panel) or Override (set) the options
manually. This includes new settings for transducer mode selection.
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• New Data acquisition option – Iterative Strain Adjustment
Use this feature to compensate for system compliance, which can reduce the measured sample
deformation (strain) considerably under certain conditions relative to the applied deformation. If
the effective strain is outside of the range defined by the tolerance, the motor strain amplitude is
adjusted accordingly, assuming constant sample stiffness. The adjustment continues until the mea-
sured strain is within the given tolerance of the commanded strain, or the maximum number of
attempts to adjust the strain is obtained.
• New Advanced test option – Maintain Axial Force during Acquisition
Option enable axial force control during oscillation data acquisition. This is particularly useful
when high rate data acquisition is required, such as in UV Curing.
• Enhanced Axial Force Control.
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• Enhancements to Steady state sensing algorithm and test parameters.
• Multiwave step: Expanded environmental control to add support for temperature step
programming.
• Gap measurements during transient tests no longer produce stair-stepped output. (Improved high-
speed gap measurement.)
• Changed behavior of transducer overloads during an experiment. Tests will now be aborted if a
normal-force overload results in the stepper controller needing to move the transducer to protect it.
• Fixed Hencky strain for linear extension tests.
• Fast Sampling: Improved data collection rates are now available; see online Help for more details.
Waveforms can no longer be stored when fast sampling is enabled. They can be viewed real-time.
• Delta L signal was added to transient data records.
• Fixed equation parsing error in Arbitrary Wave tests.
• Modifications to instrument firmware download process; see TRIOS Installation Instructions and/
or TRIOS Help.
• Added support for DIN concentric cylinder geometries.
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• Go to Gap button from ARES-G2 touch screen now waits for material to relax before accepting
another input.
• Instrument Configuration panel moved to TRIOS Options.
• Consolidation/changes: The instrument options, including stage control, temperature control, test
start, end of test, gap and material properties (fluid density and expansion coefficient) have be con-
solidated and added to the TRIOS Options.
• New ARES Material Properties options gap options; added feature to ARES options to prompt
when actual gap differs from geometry gap value at start of experiment.
• Revised touch-screen calibration defaults and checking, to prevent invalid calibration.
• Fixed PRT/Peltier Plate mismatch error.
• Support for temperature offset table added.
Data Representation and Analysis
• Stress correction for parallel plate (Rabinowitch correction) – transformation to new file.
• Point Calculation: Extrapolation / interpolation for specific x values after analysis.
• TTS master curve WLF / Arrhenius (density correction).
• Fixed error generated when shear stress displayed on plot, upon selection of Williamson, Sisko, Cross,
or Carreau models.
• Analysis Force to Fit: Once the data is fit to an analysis model, the Force to Fit icon becomes active.
Click this icon to re-calculate your data points so that they sit on the analysis line calculated from your
original data.
• FFT Smoothing Options: Within the Analysis > Smooth options, new FFT data smoothing options
have been added.
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• 1st and 2nd Derivatives: New functionality added to the Graph > Edit options.
• Iterative Fluid Inertia Correction: New functionality added to the Analysis > Transform options.
• Enhanced Export Options
• New export function to enable export of multiple steps/files as once; also option to send to Excel
directly.
• Export spreadsheet data to CSV now includes limits.
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What’s New in TRIOS Software V1.8.2
ARES-G2 / RSA-G2 Feature Enhancements
• Torsion Geometry: New Geometry setup corrected to display all the size parameters at startup.
• EVF/SER: Added missing Extensional Strain variable.
• Procedures
• Creep: Corrected missing Steady state sensing parameters for ARES-G2 procedure.
• Conditioning > UV: Corrected UV Intensity setting.
• Improved correlation results when 3 or less correlation half cycles are specified.
• Improved calculation of creep pretest parameters (motor PIDs).
• Corrected display of saved ARES-G2 and RSA-G2 procedure parameters to remove non-
instrument specific (ARES-G2 vs. RSA-G2) parameters
• Tool Expansion Calibration enhanced to set transducer to high range and spring mode to avoid
potential overload conditions.
What’s New in TRIOS Software V1.7.2
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
ARES-G2 Instrument Control
• Added ARES-G2 support for the APS temperature control system.
• Fixed hencky strain for linear extension tests.
• Fixed equation parsing error in Arbitrary Wave tests.
• Gap measurements during transient tests no longer produce stair-stepped output. (Improved high-
speed Gap measurement.)
• Revised touch-screen calibration defaults and checking to prevent invalid calibration.
• Fixed PRT/Peltier Plate mismatch error.
• Corrected DIN concentric cylinder geometry constants.
Data Representation and Analysis
• Fixed error generated when shear stress displayed on plot, upon selection of Williamson, Sisko, Cross,
or Carreau models.
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What’s New in TRIOS Software V1.7
Feature Enhancements
ARES-G2 Instrument Control
• Axial Force Enhancements
• Algorithm changes for faster tracking.
• New Priority option: Axial Force adjustments only occur between data point acquisition. In the
previous version of TRIOS, data sampling was given priority over Axial Force adjustment. In
other words, if the Axial force adjustment could not get the measured axial force to be within the
Axial Force window (set point plus or minus sensitivity) during the idle time between measure-
ments, the acquisition could proceed regardless of the actual axial force. New Priority option now
allows user to give priority to either Data Sampling (acquire data regardless of actual axial force)
or Axial Force (continue adjusting axial force until the measured force is within the AutoTension
window).
• Removed Hold Current Force option from Gap Control panel: To hold a force on a sample after
loading, enter values in Axial Force and Sensitivity then check the Set Initial Value box.
• Inherit option has been added to the Axial force mode option within the Conditioning > Options.
Use this when you desire for the current axial force and other parameters applied to the sample to
be inherited based on the last setting (either from the Gap Control panel or previous Condition-
ing > Options step).
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• Advanced Testing Options
• Parallel Superposition, ability to superimpose steady shear rate on oscillation experiment, added
to the Advanced options of oscillation tests.
• Normal Force Transducer Mode Selection, available under the Advanced options for all test
steps (oscillation, flow, step, and other).
• Transient data collection option added to oscillation mode, available under the Data Acquisition
section for Oscillation tests: Allows collection of uncorrelated data: Torque, Displacement and
Normal Force of the selected Oscillation test type. Data can be later exported for user analysis.
Standard correlated material parameters: G', G'', * etc., are not calculated and stored in this option.
Data acquired in this mode are similar to those generated in the Transient Sine Strain test, and are
reported that way in TRIOS.
Note: Axial Force Control is not recommended with FRT normal force transducer
mode selected.
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• Multiwave test support including waveform preview.
• Additional harmonics have been added (10th through 256th) as well as the ability to specify a
phase offset for each harmonic.
• Multiwave data can also be acquired using transient (non-correlated) mode, as discussed above.
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• Arbitrary Wave test support including waveform preview. The Arbitrary Wave test allows the defini-
tion of the strain history used to deform the sample by supplying one or more equations for strain as a
function of time. Up to four individual equations, each with a specified duration, can be used in each
step, and multiple steps can be used in experiments.
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• Transducer Zero Timing
• In previous version of TRIOS, the time required to zero a transducer channel was fixed, which
resulted in typical startup delays of about 45 seconds between the start of experiments and the start
of data acquisition. This has been streamlined to typically take less than 10 seconds to complete.
Additionally, this behavior can be overridden in a Transducer Conditioning block to either com-
pletely disable transducer zeroing, or use 3 different zeroing times. The default mode is 4 seconds
(Fast + Autorange).
Approximate Transducer Zero Times (Seconds)
Mode Single Transducer
All three Transducers /
(Autorange ON)
Fast 2 4
Standard 7 10
Precision 23 64
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• Geometry Enhancements
• Geometry selection is now part of the Home Ribbon options for increased visibility and ease of
selection. It is no longer possible change the selected geometry within the Geometry bar selection
of the test setup or from the Geometry Manager. Parameters of selected geometry are editable
within the Geometry block.
• Geometry constants have been modified to include input of upper and lower geometry compliance
values separately.
• The compliance and inertia have fixed SI units as follows: Compliance [mrad/N.m];
Inertia [µN.m.s2
]
• Temperature gap compensation parameters for active and passive control have been moved from
Conditioning > Options step to geometry section. Note that gap compensation is automatically
disabled when Axial force control is running.
Note: All current geometry files will be deleted upon installation of this new
version of TRIOS software and therefore will require new setup. Before installing
this new version, record the parameters of your current geometries for reference.
Setup is slightly different. See attached documentation for further details.
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• Added support for the following geometries: SER2 universal testing geometry, torsion cylindrical,
concentric cylinder geometry types.
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• Real Time Variable Pane
• Enhanced to separate real time (updated several times a second regardless of whether a test is
running) and last point variables (which are updated only after a data point has been processed).
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Data Representation and Analysis
• Enhanced Analysis Functionality
• Transformations
• Discrete relaxation spectrum to discrete retardation spectrum
• Discrete relaxation to oscillation
• Discrete relaxation to stress relaxation
• Discrete relaxation to memory function
• Discrete retardation spectrum to discrete relaxation spectrum
• Discrete retardation spectrum to creep
• Continuous relaxation spectrum to oscillation
• Continuous relaxation spectrum to stress relaxation
• Continuous relaxation spectrum to memory function
• Continuous retardation spectrum to creep
• Memory function to oscillation
• Stress relaxation to oscillation
• Analysis Models
• Stress relaxation to discrete relaxation spectrum
• Stress relaxation to continuous relaxation spectrum
• Oscillation to discrete relaxation spectrum
• Oscillation to continuous relaxation spectrum
• Creep to discrete retardation spectrum
• Creep to continuous retardation spectrum
• Peak/Valley Find
• Data Manipulation
• Smoothing
• Merge Steps
• Split Steps
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• Point Display (Waveform) Enhancements
• The data shown in the point display of an oscillation experiment should not be cross-correlated to
calculate material functions (such as G’, G”, η* …). It is intended as a diagnostic tool to evaluate
the quality of the signals. The table view for point display has been removed. If cross correlation is
desired, a new option in the Data Acquisition section of Oscillation experiments has been added
[Transient data collection] to collect transient data for user analysis. See “Advanced Testing
Options” on page 70 for additional information.
• Support for Lissajous Plots in Oscillation mode.
• Support for Point Display for Flow Sweep.
Page 79 of 83
Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements
ARES-G2 Instrument Control
• New Experiment setup has been improved.
• There are now two new Experiment options: Copy Last and Default. Copy Last creates a new
experiment setup based on the last run experiment (copying the sample and procedure informa-
tion). Default creates a new experiment with no (empty) sample information and a single step pro-
cedure. In both cases, geometry is based on selected option as specified above.
• Only one new experiment can be setup and viewed at a time. If a new (unrun) experiment is
already loaded and Copy Last or Default (Experiment) is selected, you will be prompted to
replace the current setup.
• The START button is enabled only when viewing this new experiment document (not when view-
ing a saved data file or other type of document).
• Within new experiment setup, only one section can be opened at the time. If one section is
expanded (opened), the previous open section will automatically collapse. To view more than one
section at a time, hold down the shift key while clicking on the section bar.
• Expanded file name tokens to include Project and Date.
• Repaired run execution error resulting from back to back Sine Strain tests.
• Steady stress option removed from Motor Control panel.
• ARES-G2 FCO feature for LN2 to Air switching and LN2 to Gas switching has been repaired.
• Stress control enhancements including expanded environmental control support, offset correction
between selecting between Run/Calculate and Load PIDs within the Conditioning > Stress Control
step; refinement of low viscosity criteria when calculating PID constants.
• Image Collection Enhancements
• Image capture has been changed from a global run parameter to a step based option. As a result,
this option has been moved from the Image panel to the experimental setup for each test step
under Data Acquisition options.
• Camera images are now stored as JPEG vs. BMP with the experimental file, reducing overall file
size
Page 80 of 83
• Added image capture interval rate for time based tests, such as Oscillation time sweep, Stress
Growth and Oscillation Temperature Ramp tests.
• Non time-based tests (such as Frequency Sweep, Amplitude Sweep, Temperature Sweep and Flow
Sweep) will have an image stored with every data point generated. Images are updated and stored
at a maximum rate of approximately once per second. Note that at faster data rates images may not
be acquired and attached to data points.
• Images can now be exported from the TRIOS file to various file format options.
• By default, the Normal Force transducer will be set to Spring mode at the end of the test.
• Previously, the motor would continue to oscillate during soak time between oscillation measurements
in certain cases. The motor is now stopped in all cases.
• Enhanced data handling communication for long and fast collection experiments.
• When an instrument safety system aborts a test, Event messages have been added to indicate the reason
that the Abort was generated.
• Fast-Correlate measurements are no longer limited to 65536 points per measurement zone.
• Fixed an issue where the motor would spin slowly after the instrument was left idle for extended
periods of time.
Data Representation and Analysis
• RAD File Export (for import into Orchestrator software) enhanced to properly associate data types for
exported variables.
• Transducer range now properly represented in graph when range changes during an experiment.
• Enhanced the TRIOS application performance when opening and closing large data files.
• TRIOS software version and run date captured within data file in the Procedure summary.
• Units and tick mark preferences are now saved as part of graph representation preferences.
• Text color can now be selected from the Ribbon/Format options using the mouse selection vs. using
the Enter key.
• Graph Legend has been enhanced to link selection with curve selection on the graph.
Page 81 of 83
• The Views menu to select between open tabs (views) within a document has been fully implemented.
• Start, Stop, Copy Last Experiment, and Default Experiment were added to the quick access bar for
easy access.
• Added new function To New Overlay Document within the View menu to facilitate creation of a new
overlay document based on selected view.
• File manager now has its own mini-ribbon for quick access to file manager functionality.
• Rescaling Enhancements including:
• When entering manual rescale limits, the tick interval will be automatically optimized, if not spec-
ified.
• The axis labeling will automatically switch to scientific notation when the data exceeds 107
or
greater.
• Scientific axis tick labeling has been changed to 10x notation vs. Ex notation on the graph.
• After changing units, scaling is properly adjusted.
• Fixed crash when the graph got too small.
• Analysis Enhancements including:
• Analysis parameters can now be adjusted after the fit is complete to investigate effect on quality of
fit. Parameters may be copied to the input parameter window to be used for next fit.
• Frequency-cycle oscillation steps can now be split into temperature sweeps as well as frequency
Sweeps through the File Manager > Transformations options.
Page 82 of 83
• Correlation coefficient has replaced old standard error on analysis output parameters.
• New TTS set reference dialog to allow easy selection of reference temperature.
• TTS support for creep and stress relaxation has been added.
• New Match Variables button to automatically display required variables for analysis on the
graph.
• Fixed bug where a line drawn on a graph would change from positive to negative slope when print-
ing or changing the scale.
• The active axis indicator is now a line under the axis label (versus a dotted box).
• Fixed crash when changing the column units in a spreadsheet.
• The default variables displayed on the spreadsheet and graph for a number of the tests have been
changed.
• Show Properties is now a toggle button - if the properties are displayed they will be hidden upon selec-
tion of this button again.
• If a file save fails, the user is informed; where possible, the partial file is removed.
General
• TRIOS Application now 64-bit compatible.
• Updated ARES-G2 Getting Started manual and TRIOS Online Help.
Page 83 of 83
TA Instruments Offices
For information on our latest products, contact information, and more, see our web site at:
http://www.tainstruments.com
TA Instruments — Waters LLC
Corporate Headquarters
159 Lukens Drive
New Castle, DE 19720
USA
Telephone: 302-427-4000
Fax: 302-427-4001
Email: info@tainstruments.com

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NewFeaturesTRIOS_Previous.pdf

  • 1. Issued December 2013 Page 1 of 83 TA Instruments What’s New in TRIOS Software What’s New in TRIOS Software V3.0 Refer to the What’s New in TRIOS Software V3.0 document. What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.6.2 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements • Rheology TTS fix for split signals • ARES-G2/RSA-G2 fix for limited users conducting firmware upgrade • ARES-G2 firmware update Revision AP. What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.6.1 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements • DHR: Fixed problems with Control panel locking up after setting the gap or running a test
  • 2. Page 2 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.6 New Product Support • Electrorheology (ER) Accessory Support for the Discovery Hybrid Rheometers: ER option for testing ER fluids in an AC/DC electrical field in both oscillation and steady shear test modes. The ER option can test materials in parallel plate and concentric cylinder geometries. • ARES-G2 Double Wall Ring (DWR) for Interfacial Rheology: Interfacial option for measuring the interfacial shear properties at liquid-liquid or liquid-gas interfaces using the double wall ring geometry.
  • 3. Page 3 of 83 • Disposable plates for DHR Dielectric Accessory: Used for curing thermosetting materials under vari- ous temperature profile while measuring dielectric and mechanical properties simultaneously. • Partitioned Cone-Plate for ARES-G2: A geometry consisting of a plate and a ring for measuring high viscous elastic fluids such as polymer melts at high strain and strain rates while reducing the effect of secondary flows and sample fracturing. The partitioned plate can be paired with a plate or a cone.
  • 4. Page 4 of 83 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements General TRIOS • File > Open dialog: Preview and thumbnail support of last displayed graph in Windows Explorer File > Open dialog. NOTE: Files must have been previously saved in TRIOS V2.6. • Procedure naming improvement: A procedure can now be named while it is set up in an experiment. If you save a procedure and change the filename when you save it, you will receive a warning that the filename is different from your procedure name and you will be able to verify that they match. • Graph X-Y values: In addition to the tool tip that appears when you hover the cursor over a point, when you click on a point, the value will appear on the Status Bar to the left of the clock. Once a point has been selected, the cursor keys can be used to move back and forth along the curve.
  • 5. Page 5 of 83 • Graph axis fonts: All axis variable fonts are linked and can be changed at the same time using font size setting on the Graph >Format tab. The tick mark label fonts are also linked and can be changed in the same way. Format font size also works for title, annotations, analysis, and any combination of selected text. • Graph context menu: Draw removed and Show legend added • Derivative: Moved from Graph > Edit to Graph > Analysis tab Discovery Hybrid Rheometer • New instrument firmware • New procedure step: Conditioning Electrorheology (available when accessory is installed) • Zero gap by axial force added as an option • Transient data collection added to standard controlled stress oscillation • Global axial force conditions are now recorded in results file and can be viewed in the Parameters list
  • 6. Page 6 of 83 ARES-G2 • New instrument firmware: • WinCE - NK.bin • WinCe - NKLX.bin • AresG2 DSP - AresG2hb.ldr • RsaG2 DSP - RsaG2hb.ldr • Enhanced Arbitrary Wave test procedure: The Arbitrary Waveshape test now allows the definition of the strain and temperature history by supplying one or more equations for strain and a temperature pro- file as a function of time. Up to four individual equations (defining a zone), each with a specified dura- tion, can be used in one step. The temperature profile consists of up to four isothermal or ramp zones.
  • 7. Page 7 of 83 • End of Test (EOT) Conditioning step: The End of Test (EOT) conditioning step is now available for the ARES-G2. The EOT defines the instruments settings for environmental system, transducer, motor and stage control after the procedure is completed. Note that the end of test condition step is a passive step and sets the conditions when the test is terminated, either normally, or by the user or the instrument. If you want the end of test conditions applied even if the test is terminated prematurely, the EOT conditioning block should be placed at the beginning of the procedure. If it is desired to change the EOT conditions based on when the procedure is terminated, more than one EOT can be used in a procedure. The position within the procedure in reference to the step when the procedure is terminated defines the EOT conditions that are applied. With the addition of this new step, the End of Test Options that were previously accessed from the TRIOS Options menu have been removed. • Other enhancements and fixes: • Trim gap implemented for cones • Temperature ramps for fluid bath repaired Discovery DSC • Minor bug fixes Discovery TGA • Minor bug fixes
  • 8. Page 8 of 83 Analysis • Added ‘Best Fit’ option to model list for flow curves. Two labels are generated: one with R2 values for all the applicable models, and one complete analysis for the one with the best value. • TTS improvements: • TTS Wizard: Once suitable data has been loaded and graphed, the TTS ribbon becomes active. The Wizard steps you through the procedure to generate a Master Curve. • Curves can be added and removed after starting a TTS session • The Master Curve temperature is now included as part of the step name and can now be created at any chosen temperature using the WLF or Arrhenius model to shift the data. 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 Shear rate (1/s) 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 Viscosity (Pa.s) 120.0 0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 Stress (Pa)
  • 9. Page 9 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.5.2 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements • Thermal Discovery: Updated to stabilize Discovery thermal instruments and reduce incidents of USB- related interruptions • Fixed bugs with Instrument (DSC and TGA) time synchronization with TRIOS • Fixed the blank screen with a cursor issue on the common cabinet. • Smoother TGA furnace motion at the up position • Auto sampler communication issues improved significantly • Fixed the TGA tare status stuck and weight calibration stuck issues What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.5.1 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements • DHR: Updated embedded code V9.14 • Rheology Procedures: Fixed issues saving images with procedures • Graph: Addressed issue with copying of the graph • File Importer: Added missing Orchestrator file importer (.TAD and RSD) • Thermal Discovery: Fixed issue where the sample name would be cleared if a procedure template was selected after entering the sample name once the experiment starting running
  • 10. Page 10 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.5 Feature Enhancements Dielectric Accessory Support for Discovery Hybrid Rheometers TRIOS V2.5 includes support for the new Dielectric Accessory for Discovery Hybrid Rheometers.
  • 11. Page 11 of 83 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements General TRIOS • Thermal: History View now supported on a 64-bit PC with 32-bit Office installed • File Manager: Added button to collapse and expand documents within the File Manager Data Representation and Analysis • Time Temperature Superpositioning (TTS) Enhancements • Temperature displayed to only one decimal place in legend • Removed original file name from the default session name • Graph axis values displayed as 1, 10, 100 rather than 0, 1, 2 • Support for dielectric data • Removed restriction on using specific variables • Graph settings and variables may now be changed during a TTS session • Added reference curve temperature to the master curve step name • Added *** to legend text for the reference curve • Colors and symbols no longer change when starting TTS session • Modulus crossover model enhanced to search for multiple crossovers points • Default graph font settings updated to a larger font size
  • 12. Page 12 of 83 • Export and Copy: Option added to export at a fixed size (previous option, WYSIWYG, remains) Discovery Hybrid Rheometer Instrument Control • Updated DHR firmware V9.13 to support Dielectric Accessory • Procedure setup • Time can be entered in seconds or hh:mm:ss format and is set from the Display window in TRIOS Options • Save Waveform option is enabled by default for Oscillation test types • Flow Sweep: Steady State Sensing parameters modified to be consistent with ARES-G2 imple- mentation • Zero Gap: For DHR and AR-G2, the zero gap routine has been changed to remove the extra step of positioning the geometries close together • Image (Camera) collection and display: Repaired bug on all operating systems
  • 13. Page 13 of 83 • Environmental control panel • Removed DISABLE function and incorporated with IDLE function • Added status of Environmental system ARES-G2 and RSA-G2 Instrument Control • Updated ARES/RSA firmware • Updated versions: • ARES-G2/RSA-G2 V12.807 • ARES DSP/RSA DSP V12.803 • Power V12.807, LinCodr/Keypad V12.716, Motor PRT 12.625, Xducer PRT 12.625, FCO Phase Fire V12.714 • Experiment is aborted if LN2 or purge gas supply run out during active experiment • Static IP addressing for the instrument is supported • Procedure setup • Save Waveform option is enabled by default for Oscillation test types • Time can be entered in seconds or hh:mm:ss format and is set from the Display window in TRIOS Options • Real Time Panel - Time/Points remaining: For time based procedure steps, the time remaining is shown in the control panel. For the other procedure step types the points remaining is shown. • Temperature Ramp Iso Strain Test: Stage now correctly moves to compensate for the geometry expan- sion when selected • RSA: Minimum sample thickness for tension and fibre clamps reduced
  • 14. Page 14 of 83 • When connecting to an ARES/RSA: The data from the instrument is no longer loaded by default if the instrument is idle. You can manually load by selecting the data from the File Manager. • Image (Camera) collection and display: Repaired bug on all operating systems Discovery DSC Instrument Control • Updated Discovery DSC firmware V5.4.0.21 • Instrument notifications messages were improved and clarified • Enhanced robustness of Table View for run sequence creation • Touch Screen • A confirmation message is posted when Go to Next Segment is initiated from the Run Details view • Purge gas changes for GDM (gas delivery module) made for better handling of error and zero flow conditions • Improved communication between TRIOS and instrument NOTE: The firmware upgrade process takes more time (approximately 10 minutes) for this release and will reboot the instrument multiple times. TRIOS will display the progress and close when the process is complete.
  • 15. Page 15 of 83 Discovery TGA Instrument Control • Updated Discovery TGA firmware V5.4.0.21 • Instrument notifications messages were improved and clarified • Touch Screen: When selecting only the Verification option for Weight Calibration, the calibration is no longer performed as well • Heat Exchanger changes: • Automatically turns on at start of experiment and turns off upon completion of the post test condi- tion • If an experiment is manually stopped, the heat exchanger will remain on until 50°C • Whenever the evolved gas heater is enabled, the heat exchanger will be on • Purge gas changes for GDM (gas delivery module) made for better handling of error and zero flow conditions • Improved communication between TRIOS and instrument What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.4 Feature Enhancements Analysis Reports Results from a single file or multiple files can be combined to create an analysis report. In addition to generating table report, you can also use the data to create graphs based on the analysis results. PCA Accessory Support for DSC NOTE: The firmware upgrade process takes more time (approximately 10 minutes) for this release and will reboot the instrument multiple times. TRIOS will display the progress and close when the process is complete.
  • 16. Page 16 of 83 TRIOS V2.4 includes support for the Photocalorimetry Accessory (PCA) for the Discovery DSC
  • 17. Page 17 of 83 ARES/RSA G2 Modify Running Procedure • Procedure parameters of an active step can now be modified. The specific parameters that can be edited depend on the test being executed. To edit them, click the Running method step in the Control Panel.
  • 18. Page 18 of 83 • Procedure steps that have not been run can now be edited or disabled. Click on the Experiment tab of the running Results File and expand the Procedure node. Steps that have been already run are greyed out, and the current step is italicized. These steps cannot be modified. After the current step, the nor- mal mechanism for modifying a procedure applies. Step Termination Criteria Within each procedure step, you now can define conditions in which a step is halted ahead of its normal termination conditions. Test mode steps can be conditionally terminated by checking the limit or equilibrium of a test variable.
  • 19. Page 19 of 83 TRIOS Library If you are running TRIOS software on a Windows 7 PC, you will be able to add TA experimental column headers to view experiment information by selecting File > Open within TRIOS. This feature assists you in locating the desired file(s) using windows operating system functions and also consolidates your TRIOS files into a TRIOS library. Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements General TRIOS • Discovery DSC/TGA Data Files: Step naming enhanced to use the last executing method segment as the step name as seen within the File Manager • Filename Token: Procedure Name added to filename token list (corresponds to user-entered procedure name) • Resources page of TRIOS Options: Added link to Support Videos on TA Instruments’ corporate web- site • WINUA Export: Previously when exporting TRIOS DSC files to WINUA, the cell constant would be 1 (requiring manual input for this parameter). The actual cell constant is now transcribed. • Native 64-bit version of TRIOS Data Representation and Analysis • Zoom enhancements • Smooth: Can now smooth entire curve or a portion of the curve • Point Graph (Rheology): When converting between Lissajous and waveform plots for stored point dis- play there is no longer an erroneous notification message posted • Graph: Fixed slow graph response when overlaying Rheology repeated creep files • Transformations: Added support for transformation of transient to oscillation data using window corre- lation • Step Change Analysis: Fixed reported error of unnormalized step change result (in mg) [100X high] when the analyzed signal was weight % • Crossover Modulus: Calculation now uses cubic spline rather than straight line interpolation. NOTE: This can result in the marker not appearing at the graphical crossover because the graph points are con- nected by straight lines
  • 20. Page 20 of 83 • Variables: Oscillatory torque (sample) added as a variable for AR/DHR AR/DHR Instrument Control • Updated DHR firmware V9.11 • Support for Asphalt Linear Amplitude Sweep • Improved network speed • Friction correction made to fast sampled flow data • Enhanced error checking and reporting • Option added to allow a user-defined procedure name. This name defaults to the procedure filename, if applicable • Added spreadsheet display option for steady state flow point display • Oscillatory mapping reference position now independent of the Home position • Modified Interfacial geometry to allow selection of the Du Noüy ring double gap • Step termination for Repeated Creep step clears any buffered data in the instrument before starting the next procedure step • Added option on Repeated Creep step to reset displacement at start of step ARES G2 & RSA G2 Instrument Control • Updated ARES/RSA firmware: • ARES G2/RSA G2 V12.419 • ARES DSP V12.504 • Power V12.508 FCO Phase Fire V12.521 • Rheology Procedure Name: Option added to allow a user-defined procedure name. This name defaults to the procedure filename, if applicable • Control Panel: Fixed erroneous reporting of negative time for remaining points • RSA Geometry: Changed “Dual Clamp Bending” to “Mixed Clamp Bending” on the Geometry page
  • 21. Page 21 of 83 • Gap Compensation value entered into the current geometry template is now sent to the instrument upon selection of the geometry (previously sent at the start of the test) • Variables: Changed RSA-G2 stiffness to units of N/m vs. N/mm and ARES units to N.m/rad Discovery DSC Instrument Control • Updated Discovery DSC firmware V5.3.0.104 • Experimental Setup: When loading a procedure file or selecting a different procedure type, the sample name no longer clears • Heat Capacity Calibration: • Calibration expanded to allow selection of Polystyrene or a user defined standard in addition to the default sapphire (access TRIOS/Options/Discovery DSC/Heat Capacity) • Calibration analysis now supports the ability to average multiple heat capacity experiments for Cp calibration • Heat Capacity Standards signals are available for plotting within the “Show Extended list” in the Select Variables window • Modulated DSC: • Addressed Data on and Data off not working correctly when running a modulating experiment • Modulation period can be changed within an experiment • Modulated and Standard mode experiments can be mixed in a running sequence • Time signal properly starts at zero
  • 22. Page 22 of 83 • Saved Data File: If a saved Tzero calibration file is opened, the reference pan number now displays properly • Modify Running Method: Segments with check boxes or drop down lists now accept changes properly • Discovery Thermal Database Backup Utility: TRIOS includes an automated mechanism to backup important records stored on the instrument in the event of a hardware failure so that information can be restored. These functions are meant for use by TA Service Representatives and are setup by default so no intervention is necessary. Setup is located in TRIOS/Options/TGA/General. Discovery TGA Instrument Control • Updated Discovery TGA firmware V5.3.0.75 • Experimental Setup: When loading a procedure file or selecting a different procedure type, the sample name and pan selection no longer clears • Control Panel: Added option to tare a single pan from within this panel • Modify Running Method: Segments with check boxes or drop-down lists now accept changes properly • Discovery Thermal Database Backup Utility: TRIOS includes an automated mechanism to backup important records stored on the instrument in the event of a hardware failure so that information can be restored. These functions are meant for use by TA Service Representatives and are setup by default so no intervention is necessary. Setup is located in TRIOS/Options/TGA/General.
  • 23. Page 23 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.3.4 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements General TRIOS Analysis Changes • Fixed issue where TTS shift factors were wrong if the temperatures are not in order. • Corrected issue which resulted in inaccurate absolute weight change (in mg) being reported by Signal Change analysis of weight % data. Discovery HR and AR Series Rheometers • Strain is now zeroed at start of first repeated creep step in a procedure. • Fixed bug where the geometry dimensions were not updated internally after a dimension change on a concentric cylinders, double concentric cylinders and interfacial geometry. Seen as sending the wrong torque when controlling stress. • Fixed bug where the bearing friction value was not sent to the instrument for a new geometry or if the entered value was outside the calibration limits. • Fixed bug where gap temperature compensation value was not cleared prior to new calibration. • New Firmware for DHR V9.09 Discovery TGA • Added support for optional 4 Gas GDM (Gas Delivery Module) that allows for the connection of four input gases and the blending of two of these gases. • Added “Modify Running Method” capability. • New Firmware for TGA V5.1.0.54 Discovery DSC • Added “Modify Running Method” capability. • Autosampler enhancements to reset autosampler function • New Firmware for DSC V5.1.0.71
  • 24. Page 24 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.3.1 Feature Enhancements Discovery Thermal Dual Instrument Support TRIOS V2.3.1 includes support for the operation of two Discovery Thermal instruments from a single common cabinet. Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements General TRIOS • Graph Legend options have been enhanced to include additional customization options (e.g., match curve color, display/hide units). In addition, these options are now more readily available on the Graph/Format ribbon (in addition to within the Legend Properties functions).
  • 25. Page 25 of 83 • Results File Lists can now be saved and restored at a later time. Results Files provides an easy way to recall the current list of files in the file manager for future recall. This function doesn't save the current state of the program, just the list of open files. Results files are saved with the file extension *.trfl. This option is available in the context menu (right-click popup menu) of the File Manager. • Notification panel now allows selection of weekend days. Discovery DSC Instrument Control • Editing of the run sequence in the table view was enhanced with respect to using the copy (fill down) functionality. • When manually loading or unloading a sample pan, the lid will automatically open/close as required to complete the operation. • Instrument software update process changed to download all supporting files and to automatically select the files (eliminating the need to select the file for download). After upgrading, a new history file is created. However, you can still access your previous history file by clicking on the Instrument Selection button in the History View. • LN2P: Fixed issues related to the AutoFill option; incorrectly aborting an Auto Fill and failing to re- enable the Auto Fill after the bulk tank emptied. Discovery TGA Instrument Control • Editing of the run sequence in the table view was enhanced with respect to using the copy (fill down) functionality. • Manual Weight Calibration improved to prevent process from stopping after Taring first pan. • Automatic weight calibration was enhanced to stop and not proceed to verification if weight calibra- tion fails. NOTE: The firmware upgrade process takes more time (approximately 10 minutes) for this release and will reboot the instrument multiple times. TRIOS will display the progress and close when the process is complete.
  • 26. Page 26 of 83 • Instrument software update process changed to download all supporting files and to automatically select the files (eliminating the need to select the file for download). After upgrading, a new history file is created. However, you can still access your previous history file by clicking on the Instrument Selection button in the History View. • Heat & Hold and Isothermal procedure templates corrected to properly create method based on entered parameters. • Post Test Experiment option now properly unloads the pan at the specified temperature. • The Gas status (Gas 1 or 2) now displays properly in the status bar in the lower right bottom of the TRIOS window. ARES/RSA Instrument Control • Fixed a problem with the Gap Temperature Calibration where the calculated expansion factors were in some cases not correct. • In ARES MultiWave tests a problem was fixed that had been causing the motor to drift between mea- surements when Axial Force control was enabled. • Fixed a problem with detection of thermal equilibrium in Temperature Steps test. • Fixed bug when time would not increment properly doing an extremely long experiment. • Fixed false phase lock errors that could occurred when operating the FCO at 50 Hz. Discovery HR and AR Instrument Control • Added support for Torque Calibration kit (PN 581024.001) • Issues with data sampling during Extensional tests resolved • Linear amplitude sweep for asphalt—A new sweep type has been added to the oscillation amplitude sweep procedure to run the proposed AASHTO standard method of test for Estimating Fatigue Resis- tance of Asphalt Binders Using the Linear Amplitude Sweep. The main test parameters are predefined NOTE: The firmware upgrade process takes more time (approximately 10 minutes) for this release and will reboot the instrument multiple times. TRIOS will display the progress and close when the process is complete.
  • 27. Page 27 of 83 in the method, so to run the test enter a temperature and select Asphalt amplitude sweep from the combo box. This test is currently only supported on AR1500ex/AR2000ex/AR-G2 running 8.33 firmware. Firmware support for DHRs will be added soon. • Bearing Test Enhancement: An additional check of residual torque following mapping can be selected as part of the bearing test. • Fixed bug where Smart Swap geometry sleeves without ID could not be programmed.
  • 28. Page 28 of 83 Rheology Data Analysis • Transient (sine strain) oscillatory data may be converted to oscillation data using DFT from the Analysis > Transform ribbon option or the File Manager > Transformations context menu.
  • 29. Page 29 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.3 Feature Enhancements Discovery TGA Instrument Support TRIOS V2.3 includes support for the new Discovery TGA instrument. Guardian Option Support A new option is available for the TRIOS software - TRIOS Guardian™. TRIOS Guardian allows the user to restrict access, set user levels, and record analysis events. Designed primarily for laboratories in regulated environments, these tools aid with 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. In addition, TRIOS Guardian provides options for laboratories and users who wish to define specific access rights as well as restrict calibration, method development, and/or data manipulation routines. Key features of this functionality are below: • Restricted Access to Authorized Users: When TRIOS Guardian is enabled, a TRIOS System Admin- istrator can restrict access to various features within TRIOS Software, thereby defining the authorized user list. The user list is coupled to work with all local and domain-based Windows user accounts. • User Levels: Within TRIOS Guardian, each authorized user is assigned either a Standard User Level or a Basic User Level. • Audit Trail: The TRIOS Software Notifications pane provides a computer-generated time/date log of events (inherent to the software), including Windows User ID. • Results Log: A record of the experimental test conditions and instrument parameters is saved by default within each data file. If the Guardian™ option is enabled, any performed analysis and results functions are also stored within the file. • PDF File Creation: TRIOS Software includes an embedded PDF file generator. This allows any print- able document to be saved as a PDF. • File Check: When loading any native TRIOS data file, TRIOS Guardian automatically verifies that the file has not been tampered with or modified. If TRIOS detects any modification, the data file does not
  • 30. Page 30 of 83 open and Guardian™ posts a message in the Notification Log. These events are also recorded in the Notifications (audit trail). Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements Discovery DSC Instrument Control • Run sequence enhancements related to fill-down in table view • Temperature calibration table will now allow a manual point entry • Touch screen software properly updated on an automatic download (e.g., when prompted by the soft- ware upon connection) Discovery HR Instrument Control • Transient data collection added for controlled stress oscillation • Modify running procedure enhancements • Soak time at end of temperature ramp is now executed • Instrument reports outside limits in Last Point panel when data is not being recorded below instrument specification. • AR procedures now correctly create procedure from results file to be run on DHR. ARES-G2 and RSA-G2 Instrument Control • Fixed a bug which prevented the DETA and DETA-DMA tests from executing properly unless pre- ceded by a Standard Oscillation test. • RSA: "Inherit" Axial Force setting now correctly inherits Axial Force Adjustment window value. • RSA: IsoForce test: When running sequence of two temperature ramps, the second ramp no longer terminates prematurely when "inherit" is selected. • Number of points counter fixed so that instrument events would not increment counter. • Gap Temperature Compensation calibration posts notification message when completed and saved; Gap Temperature Compensation Calibration no longer fails due to force over range terminating gap command. • ARES: Fixed problem with Auto Strain feature in Transient mode oscillation tests incorrectly adjust- ing commanded strain amplitude; also fixed issue that would sometimes cause the second multiwave step to not execute correctly. File Operations • Any type of TRIOS data file can now be opened in any TRIOS session. • Exported graph properly returns with legend. • Improvements to performance when saving to network drives.
  • 31. Page 31 of 83 • If you saved a file with statistics displayed in the spreadsheet view, that information will return if saved to the file. General TRIOS • Notifications panel • Informational messages are no longer displayed by default. To display, click on the Information button. • Instrument filter selection added. • Records TRIOS version each day in addition to each time the program is launched. • Fixed a bug when saving the notifications to .CSV format
  • 32. Page 32 of 83 Data Representation and Analysis • Corrected the delay between the graph and spreadsheet updating during an active experiment. • Glass Transition analysis added to the DSC Analysis context menu • FT Rheology improvements for DHR/AR Rheometer low strain data • General graph enhancements related to oscillatory transient data • Endset analysis model
  • 33. Page 33 of 83 What's New in TRIOS Software V2.2 Feature Enhancements Discovery HR Series Rheometers TRIOS V2.2 includes support for the new Discovery HR (DHR) Series instruments (DHR-1, DHR-2, and DHR-3). LN2P Cooling Accessory Support for Discovery DSC Instrument Control TRIOS V2.2 includes support for the new LN2P cooling accessory.
  • 34. Page 34 of 83 DHR/AR Instrument Control Modify Running Procedure: Procedure steps that have not been run can now be added, moved, edited, or deleted. Click on the Experiment tab of the running Results File and expand the Procedure node. Steps that have been already run are greyed out, and the current step is italicized. These steps cannot be modified. After the current step, the normal mechanism for modifying a procedure applies.
  • 35. Page 35 of 83 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements Discovery DSC Instrument Control • Sequence Setup:The last Design View sequence is not automatically loaded when TRIOS is reopened. To create a new Design Sequence, click the within the Design Pane. If you wish to load the last sequence, either select Open from the File Manager main toolbar to load a saved sequence file, or select Open File from the Design View pane to access the last created sequence saved by TRIOS upon closing the application. • Calibration • Fixed bug associated with Use Latest option on the TRIOS Global Calibration page that resulted in the Tzero calibration not being applied until switching out of the calibration mode (if enabled). • Custom calibration standards now supported. • Instrument Options: Changes to instrument options are properly saved when changes are made in TRIOS options. • Signals: Added standard heat flow signal to Modulated mode signal list • Autosampler: Increased speed of autosampler movement • Touch Screen Interface • Added option to toggle Air cool On/Off on the More window • Also added support for LN2P panel • Autosampler Cycle Tests options were expanded.
  • 36. Page 36 of 83 ARES-G2 & RSA-G2 Instrument Control • Flow Sweep (ARES G2 only): New procedure option to allow clockwise/counterclockwise averaging or alternating collection modes. • Gap Control Panel • New Go To Trim Gap Offset button added to enable quick selection within the Gap Control panel (setting within the Geometry templates).
  • 37. Page 37 of 83 • Selected closure profile (set within the TRIOS Options) indicated on the Gap Control Panel. • Environment Control Panel: Changes were made to make operation of environmental control units within the TRIOS Environmental Control Panel to be more consistent with ARES instrument temperature panel. • Rapid-Cooling using the LN2 controller is automatically disabled when the commanded temperature is reached to prevent excessive consumption of liquid nitrogen. • Variables: Axial-Force is now reported as part of the measured data during an experiment whether or not autotension is being used. AR Series Instrument Control • Gap Control Panel • New Go To Trim Gap Offset button added to enable quick selection within the Gap Control panel (setting within the Geometry templates). • Selected closure profile (set within the TRIOS Options) indicated on the Gap Control Panel.
  • 38. Page 38 of 83 Data Representation and Analysis • Data Reduction Options: The Reduce Data functions allow you to narrow the data range for the selected data. Select the desired data, then select between reduce, remove and retain to narrow the data displayed on the graph and corresponding spreadsheet. • Peak Integration - Partial Areas: Peak Integration options were expanded to allow calculation of partial areas within the main peak. • Once the perpendicular lines are in place, you can adjust their position using the Adjust Drops button on the Commands ribbon. • EVF Variables: Available variable list for EVF tests corrected.
  • 39. Page 39 of 83 • Stamp Point Selection Window: New option added to display an arrow along with values within this window. Miscellaneous–TRIOS General Performance Enhancements: As we develop instruments with increased capabilities, performance enhancements have been implemented to ensure high data sampling rates are handled smoothly by TRIOS. In addition, very large files may now be generated that require higher amounts of internal computer memory to process. As a result, you may now notice that on occasion, TRIOS automatically closes results file tabs that have not been viewed recently; this occurs if memory runs low, thereby preserving system performance. To restore the tab double-click the results file in the File Manager. TA Explorer: The Refresh button was enhanced to clear any old information (for example, changing IP address). In addition, the TRIOS connection dialog was also changed to refresh the instrument list when selecting Browse. Online Help: The online help system was upgraded to allow support of other HTML browsers other than Internet Explorer.
  • 40. Page 40 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.1 Feature Enhancements DSC Instrument Control Procedures Templates: New standard procedure templates were added for DSC to facilitate easy experimental setup. These templates include Standard Ramp, Standard Isothermal, Standard Cyclic, Standard Heat/Cool/Heat, MDSC Conventional, MDSC Quasi-Isothermal, and MDSC Heat Only.
  • 41. Page 41 of 83 ARES-G2 Instrument Control • Gap Loading Options: All the gap options have been moved to a single page, and linear, exponential and axial force gap closure profiles have been added. The current closure profile is also shown in the gap pane of the control panel.
  • 42. Page 42 of 83 • Sample Loading Step: A new procedure step has been added that when used in combination with the test step allows a level of experiment automation. The step allows the stage to be moved to the loading gap, geometry gap, or a user defined gap with a closure profile. There is an option to pause for user interaction e.g. load sample, trim sample once the desired gap has been reached. In additional data can be acquired during the closure, and the motor can rotate at a fixed angular velocity. • ElectroRheology (ER) Accessory Support: Support was added for ARES-G2 ER Accessory.
  • 43. Page 43 of 83 Data Presentation • User-Defined Layout Files for Graph, Spreadsheet and Document: In addition to Defaults for Graph and Spreadsheet layouts, which are based on procedure type, TRIOS now offers user-defined graph, spreadsheet and document layouts. This allows the user to save a user-defined layout for future recall, allowing for greater flexibility in data presentation. There are three types of saved layouts: • Graph: Axis variables configuration including units and resolution. The axis limits will auto- scale based on input data unless manual scaling was applied on the saved graph layout. • Spreadsheet: Column variable configuration, including units and resolution. • Document: Configuration of all graph and spreadsheet layouts contained in the document, including step overlays. • Data Range: The Hide Data functions allow you to parse the data range. Select the desired data, then select between either Hide Selected or Hide Unselected to remove undesired data from the display and optimize the scaling for the desired data. Unlike rescaling, the data is “hidden” or removed from the plot. Just select Unhide All to recall the hidden data. File Export • XML Export: TRIOS software now offers the ability to export data to XML (eXtensible Markup Lan- guage) format. The XML format is a universal data format which can be perfectly adapted to the struc- ture of the test data. The XML data format allows for seamless portability and readability of data between third-party programs and devices. Usually, the XML file content is presented in a viewer- friendly way based on a so-called Schema Definition (XSD-File). TRIOS offers two structure files, the RheoML and the TA schema. The RheoML structure is designed for rotational rheometer and capillary data. The TA structure file exports the data of all TAI instruments including Rheology and Thermal Analysis instruments. • PDF: Any TRIOS document can be saved to PDF formatted files. Select Print > Print to PDF to save the desired document. To save a graph as a PDF, click Save As and select PDF. NOTE: As user-defined layouts have the greatest utility when applied to similar data (e.g., same procedure types), it is recommended to name the saved data file accordingly for easier identification and selection. Once saved, this layout can be reapplied in the future by selection from the Load function.
  • 44. Page 44 of 83 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements Discovery DSC Instrument Control Calibration Document: The calibration summary page can now be printed. ARES-G2 & RSA-G2 Instrument Control • Temperature Offset Table Enhancements: The temperature offset tables were expanded to account for various environmental control units and their configuration. If values were saved in previous tables, they should be copied before loading software/firmware to ensure proper conversion. • FCO Chiller Control: The controls for the controls enable/disable or switching between Chiller, Air, or Gas source now work properly • Axial Force Adjustment End of Test Option: When set to Inherit, this mode now uses the appropriate Axial Force value. • Firmware Download: The download procedure was modified to always allow the download of support files to the instrument. • Axial Tests: Repaired image capture rate. Previously, it was hard-coded to collect at every 1 second.
  • 45. Page 45 of 83 AR Series Instrument Control • Transient data acquisition has been added to oscillation time and amplitude sweeps. If transient is selected, you still get the correlated data during the experiment, but at the end you also get additional steps in your data file that contain the transient data (time, torque, and displacement) sampled at 0.978 KHz. Note that the displacement is corrected by an offset to center the sinusoidal signal at zero. The displacement is also corrected for compliance. The transient can be analyzed using the FT Rheology analysis option. • Step Termination: All procedure steps have optional step termination based on either limit checking or equilibrium. • Transient Creep: Torque zeroed at end of step.
  • 46. Page 46 of 83 Data Presentation and Analysis • FT Rheology has been added as an upgradeable option for AR Rheometers. This option performs a discrete Fourier transformation on the displacement and torque signals and extracts the fundamental and harmonic data. The results are recast as a function of the test variable (amplitude for amplitude sweeps, time for time sweeps, and frequency for frequency sweeps). The transient total stress, elastic, and viscous stress can be reconstructed based on the user defined number of harmonics. • Creep to Oscillation Conversion (Rheology): The transformation of time dependent creep into fre- quency dependent oscillation variables (J(t) ->G'(ω), G"(ω) ) has been added. This option is available under the Transformations options. • TTS Enhancements: The TTS analysis functions have been updated to include the following enhancements: • After the data is split either by temperature or frequency, the value of the constant variable (temperature or frequency) is now appended to the step name for easy identification. • Mastercurve file can be deleted any time during a TTS session by selecting the mastercurve step and clicking Delete on the drop-down menu in the File Manager. • aT and bT replace x-shift and y-shift as variables in the shift factor spreadsheet and graph. • 1/T has been added to the available variable list in the shift factors step. • Stamp Point Selection Window: In addition to clicking on a point to label with its curve values, you can select the Stamp Selected Point option, allowing selection of the desired parameters (including time and temperature). • Add Graph Variables to Spreadsheet: This option within the TRIOS User Options has been repaired. • Smooth: Several smoothing techniques are now available in TRIOS (Polynomial, FFT, and Least- Squares). The desired option is set within the TRIOS Options > Analysis page. The extent of the smoothing interval is determined by the user defined window size (1-100: 1 - less smoothing; 100 more) • Derivative Changes • Derivative options were expanded to included derivative with respect to (wrt) time, temperature, or X-axis variable. • Several derivative techniques are now available in TRIOS (Central difference, Cubic spline, and Least-Squares). The desired option is set within the TRIOS Options > Analysis page. • The degree of the derivative smoothing interval is determined by a user-defined window size (1-100: 1 - less smoothing; 100 more). • Interactive Adjustment: If you wish to interactively change or adjust the derivative smoothing interval, click the Adjust option before making the selection above. The Derivative Adjust window appears, which allows you to adjust the smoothing to a desired level by either 1) mov- ing the slider bar, or 2) entering a value while simultaneously viewing the smoothed signal and comparing it to the original data. • Symbol Density: The default option was changed to Fine. Users now have the option to have a symbol for every point. • Invert Axis Option: A new option is available on the Graph > Edit ribbon or within the axis right- click pop-up menu to invert the displayed data.
  • 47. Page 47 of 83 • For Rheology data files, certain geometry fields can be edited, which results in a recalculation of the file. For example, plate diameter, compliance, inertia. Miscellaneous - TRIOS General • Notifications: Enhanced printed copy to adjust for multiple line text. • Universal Analysis Files: TRIOS can now import Thermal Advantage TGA files. In addition, files generated with Thermal Advantage software now appear as step overlay plots, which more closely represents how they were displayed in Universal Analysis Software. • View > File Scalars: Fixed to display the correct information for ARES-G2, RSA-G2, and Discovery DSC. • Menus altered to accommodate new functionality.
  • 48. Page 48 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V2.0 Feature Enhancements Discovery DSC Instrument Support TRIOS V2.0 includes support for the new Discovery DSC instrument. AR Instrument Control Support Full support for the AR-G2, AR 2000ex, and AR 15000ex Rheometers included.
  • 49. Page 49 of 83 Additional Hardware Support RSA-G2 Immersion geometry support added. General TRIOS Analysis Changes • Analysis: This component was updated to consolidate all of the analysis parameters into a new Set- tings window and enhanced to add new functionality. Consult the TRIOS Online Help topic Basic Steps to Analyze Data for more information. • Analysis Settings: This includes all of the previously-available functionality (input parameters, output parameters, and running models windows). In addition, added new functionality for label customiza- tion. Select the Labels options to customize the displayed analysis label. Select Appearance to customize color and label options. • Expanded Analysis Functions: Additional general analysis functions were added to the available list, including Signal Maximum/Minimum, Peak Integration, Peak Height, and Curve at x and y. • Adjust Limits: A new function was added, allowing for modification of analysis limits after perform- ing the analysis. This function is only applicable to a collection of analysis functions. It is particularly useful for adjusting the tangent lines used for analysis functions in order to ensure the best input limits are used (for example, Onset). Changes to limits are viewed in real time. • Smooth Enhancements: The smoothing process was enhanced to display a preview curve before accepting smoothing operation.
  • 50. Page 50 of 83 • Shift /Rotate Functionality Added: The process of curve shifting and curve rotation was added. Curve shifting moves all of the data points on a curve up or down by a fixed value. Curve rotation rotates a curve around a defined pivot point. A preview curve is displayed during operation.
  • 51. Page 51 of 83 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements ARES-G2 & RSA-G2 Instrument Control • Calibration procedures were consolidated into the File Manager > Calibration tab for easy access. Note that main transducer calibrations, as well as functions to analyze the results of calibration tests such as Phase Angle Calibration, are still found on the Instrument ribbon under Calibrations.
  • 52. Page 52 of 83 • The Temperature Offset Table (located within the Calibration options) was refactored to display the measured temperature, the reference temperature, and the offset. This form also allows each table to be separately enabled/disabled while running TRIOS and at instrument startup. The uncorrected tempera- ture is the temperature monitored when the offset table is deactivated. The corrected temperature is the temperature recorded when the offset table is active. • Fixed camera initiation bug that appeared on some computer systems and fixed collection of stale images at start of test. • Axial force nomenclature changes. • Several changes have been made to the Control panel test status. Oscillation Acquisition status is now correctly displayed for the first point in a step. Steady Acquisition status is now displayed.
  • 53. Page 53 of 83 • Motor Control Panel buttons are now selectively enabled and disabled based on running state. • A new ARES-G2/RSA-G2 test has been added Other-DETA/DMA, where a mechanical frequency and strain can be commanded in addition to the standard options for DETA frequency profiles. Also, both the standard Other-DETA and Other-DETA/DMA tests now work with Axial force control. • Fixed problem with linear Temperature/Frequency sweeps that appeared when number of points is used rather than increment. • Steady-state sensing is now enabled in Creep tests. • Fixed problem with LN2 Off at end of test option not properly disabling the Liquid Nitrogen controller at the end of the experiment. File Operations • Orchestrator and Rheology Advantage files can be imported for data display. • Expanded export functionality was added to support export of multiple steps and/or multiple files at once from the File Manager > Export options.
  • 54. Page 54 of 83 Data Representation and Analysis • Plot Header: New option to display fixed parameters at the top of the graph. • Graph legend: The legend text can be edited by double-clicking within the label. • Graph properties: Two options are now available for customizing graph properties: • Automatic (using schemes) • Custom provides the ability to customize color, symbol, and line type properties by trace and by differentiator. • Overlay plot: Added a new option with the Graph>Edit options to easily clear an overlay plot. Also, use this option to remove added data from a step overlay document. • Spreadsheet: Fixed Reload Data refresh issue. • Notifications: New function was added to allow the ability to manually add an entry (note) into the Notifications log.
  • 55. Page 55 of 83 New TRIOS Application Options • Added ability to save notifications logs (files) in XML format in addition to the standard TA format. • Added option to close results document at end of the experiment vs. keeping the results displayed. • Added a prompt to save analysis adjustments when the action has not been completed.
  • 56. Page 56 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V1.8 Feature Enhancements RSA G2 Instrument Support TRIOS V1.8 includes support for the new RSA G2 instrument. The TA Instruments RSA-G2 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer tests the dynamic mechanical properties of solid materials by using a servo drive linear actuator to mechanically impose an oscillatory deformation, or strain, upon the material being tested. AR Instrument Control Support TRIOS V1.8 includes beta instrument control support for AR-G2, AR2000ex, and AR 1500ex Rheometers.
  • 57. Page 57 of 83 General TRIOS Changes File Manager Changes The File Manager is a central component of the TRIOS software. It manages displays of the experiment sequence and results documents, as well as other components specific to the instrument type, such as calibration and geometry manager. A navigation pane is used to switch between these options. The view buttons at the bottom of the File Manager navigation pane correspond to different views, such as Experiment, Results, and Geometry. Depending on the chosen view, the File Manager displays a different set of panes, lists, toolbar, and information. The contents of the navigation pane change
  • 58. Page 58 of 83 depending on the connected instrument type (if online). Each view displays information pertaining to that view and options for accomplishing tasks within that view. • Experiments • Set up new experiments (run sequences). • Open stored experiment files. • Start experiments. • Save experiment files (no data). • Results • Open and Display data from TRIOS data files. • Save and Close open data files. • Create overlay plots. • Create a new experiment using the procedure from an open file. • Export data options. • Geometry • Displays list of configured geometries. • Configure new geometries. • Display parameters for the selected geometry. • Calibrate the current geometry. • Delete geometries.
  • 59. Page 59 of 83 Real-Time and Control Panel Consolidation The Control panel is a central component of the TRIOS Instrument Control Software. To access the Control panel, click the Home tab > Experiment toolbar > Controls .
  • 60. Page 60 of 83 Sections of the Control panel change depending on the state of the instrument – Idle or Running. • The Idle state enables control over the various functions of the rheometer (Motor, Gap, Environmen- tal, etc.) used during experiment setup, and the real-time variables display the results of your selec- tions. The navigation pane and navigation bar are used to switch between these function controls. • In the Running state, the function controls are replaced with point data. The type of procedure step being run determines the point data options available. Again, a navigation pane and navigation bar are used to switch between these options. Hardware Accessory Support DETA Accessory: Support for the new Dielectric Thermal Analysis (DETA) Accessory for both the ARES-G2 and RSA-G2 has been added. UV Accessory: Support for the UV Curing Accessory for the ARES-G2 Rheometer has been added. ARES G2 Instrument Control • Expanded procedure options: Three new procedure types were added. • Temperature Ramp – IsoStrain The IsoStrain test is designed to follow the changes in stress or force under changing or constant environmental conditions over a selected period of time after applying a constant deformation.
  • 61. Page 61 of 83 • Temperature Ramp – IsoForce The IsoForce test is designed to follow the deformation of the sample over a selected time period under constant load (in tension or compression) and during changing or constant environmental conditions. • Cycle Sweep (Fatigue) In an oscillation cycle sweep, the sample is continuously loaded/unloaded with a cyclic deformation for a selected number of cycles.
  • 62. Page 62 of 83 Data Representation and Analysis FT Rheology and Non-Linear Analysis Option The FT-Rheology option in TRIOS incorporates a complete software package to analyze and present the non-linear oscillation response to a mechanical perturbation. The FT-Rheology package provides the following features: • Transformation of the temporal strain and stress functions to the power and phase spectrum. The initial data set has to be generated using a transient sine strain test or any oscillation test in transient acquisi- tion mode. The transformed functions are the strain and stress magnitude and phase. • Extraction of the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. Calculation of the intensity ratio In/1 and the phase ϕn, the Fourier coefficients (G'n, G"n) and the Chebyshev polynomial coefficients (en, vn), for the selected harmonic number n. Typical non-linear measures such as: S, T, Q, G'L,G'M, η'L, η'M,… are extracted as scalars. • Recast the fundamental and harmonic data as a function of the oscillation test parameters ω, γ, t, and T for plotting and further evaluation purposes. • Reconstruct temporal strain and stress for one oscillation cycle from the odd Fourier coefficients. The FT Rheology option consists of four transformations, and at each transformation a complete new data file is generated. Like any other transformation, the FT-Rheology transformations can be invoked from the File Manager or from the FT-Rheology menu on the ribbon. NOTE: The FT Rheology and Non-Linear Analysis software is an optional package and a separate key is required. Without this key, this option cannot be used. Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD) Analysis Option This function is designed to calculate the Molecular Weight (Mw) and Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD) of a material from dynamic mechanical frequency sweep data (G'[ω] and G"[ω]) by synthesizing a distribution based on material properties and an estimate for Mw and MWD. Dynamic data are then calculated from this distribution and overlaid with the experimental data to determine how closely the two sets of data agree with one other. The synthetic distribution can consist of between 1 and 10 separate components of the same material, each with its own Mw and MWD value. This allows for very complicated, asymmetric distributions to be synthesized, to better model the chemistry of real-world materials. This function can also be used to calculate dynamic frequency sweep data, without starting from a reference set of data, and based only on a given Mw, MWD, and material parameters. NOTE: The MWD software is an optional package and a separate key is required. Without this key, this option cannot be used.
  • 63. Page 63 of 83 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements ARES-G2 Instrument Control • Procedure changes • Transducer handling has been revamped. The Conditioning > Transducer step has expanded flexibility to Maintain current selections (set via the control panel) or Override (set) the options manually. This includes new settings for transducer mode selection.
  • 64. Page 64 of 83 • New Data acquisition option – Iterative Strain Adjustment Use this feature to compensate for system compliance, which can reduce the measured sample deformation (strain) considerably under certain conditions relative to the applied deformation. If the effective strain is outside of the range defined by the tolerance, the motor strain amplitude is adjusted accordingly, assuming constant sample stiffness. The adjustment continues until the mea- sured strain is within the given tolerance of the commanded strain, or the maximum number of attempts to adjust the strain is obtained. • New Advanced test option – Maintain Axial Force during Acquisition Option enable axial force control during oscillation data acquisition. This is particularly useful when high rate data acquisition is required, such as in UV Curing. • Enhanced Axial Force Control.
  • 65. Page 65 of 83 • Enhancements to Steady state sensing algorithm and test parameters. • Multiwave step: Expanded environmental control to add support for temperature step programming. • Gap measurements during transient tests no longer produce stair-stepped output. (Improved high- speed gap measurement.) • Changed behavior of transducer overloads during an experiment. Tests will now be aborted if a normal-force overload results in the stepper controller needing to move the transducer to protect it. • Fixed Hencky strain for linear extension tests. • Fast Sampling: Improved data collection rates are now available; see online Help for more details. Waveforms can no longer be stored when fast sampling is enabled. They can be viewed real-time. • Delta L signal was added to transient data records. • Fixed equation parsing error in Arbitrary Wave tests. • Modifications to instrument firmware download process; see TRIOS Installation Instructions and/ or TRIOS Help. • Added support for DIN concentric cylinder geometries.
  • 66. Page 66 of 83 • Go to Gap button from ARES-G2 touch screen now waits for material to relax before accepting another input. • Instrument Configuration panel moved to TRIOS Options. • Consolidation/changes: The instrument options, including stage control, temperature control, test start, end of test, gap and material properties (fluid density and expansion coefficient) have be con- solidated and added to the TRIOS Options. • New ARES Material Properties options gap options; added feature to ARES options to prompt when actual gap differs from geometry gap value at start of experiment. • Revised touch-screen calibration defaults and checking, to prevent invalid calibration. • Fixed PRT/Peltier Plate mismatch error. • Support for temperature offset table added. Data Representation and Analysis • Stress correction for parallel plate (Rabinowitch correction) – transformation to new file. • Point Calculation: Extrapolation / interpolation for specific x values after analysis. • TTS master curve WLF / Arrhenius (density correction). • Fixed error generated when shear stress displayed on plot, upon selection of Williamson, Sisko, Cross, or Carreau models. • Analysis Force to Fit: Once the data is fit to an analysis model, the Force to Fit icon becomes active. Click this icon to re-calculate your data points so that they sit on the analysis line calculated from your original data. • FFT Smoothing Options: Within the Analysis > Smooth options, new FFT data smoothing options have been added.
  • 67. Page 67 of 83 • 1st and 2nd Derivatives: New functionality added to the Graph > Edit options. • Iterative Fluid Inertia Correction: New functionality added to the Analysis > Transform options. • Enhanced Export Options • New export function to enable export of multiple steps/files as once; also option to send to Excel directly. • Export spreadsheet data to CSV now includes limits.
  • 68. Page 68 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V1.8.2 ARES-G2 / RSA-G2 Feature Enhancements • Torsion Geometry: New Geometry setup corrected to display all the size parameters at startup. • EVF/SER: Added missing Extensional Strain variable. • Procedures • Creep: Corrected missing Steady state sensing parameters for ARES-G2 procedure. • Conditioning > UV: Corrected UV Intensity setting. • Improved correlation results when 3 or less correlation half cycles are specified. • Improved calculation of creep pretest parameters (motor PIDs). • Corrected display of saved ARES-G2 and RSA-G2 procedure parameters to remove non- instrument specific (ARES-G2 vs. RSA-G2) parameters • Tool Expansion Calibration enhanced to set transducer to high range and spring mode to avoid potential overload conditions. What’s New in TRIOS Software V1.7.2 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements ARES-G2 Instrument Control • Added ARES-G2 support for the APS temperature control system. • Fixed hencky strain for linear extension tests. • Fixed equation parsing error in Arbitrary Wave tests. • Gap measurements during transient tests no longer produce stair-stepped output. (Improved high- speed Gap measurement.) • Revised touch-screen calibration defaults and checking to prevent invalid calibration. • Fixed PRT/Peltier Plate mismatch error. • Corrected DIN concentric cylinder geometry constants. Data Representation and Analysis • Fixed error generated when shear stress displayed on plot, upon selection of Williamson, Sisko, Cross, or Carreau models.
  • 69. Page 69 of 83 What’s New in TRIOS Software V1.7 Feature Enhancements ARES-G2 Instrument Control • Axial Force Enhancements • Algorithm changes for faster tracking. • New Priority option: Axial Force adjustments only occur between data point acquisition. In the previous version of TRIOS, data sampling was given priority over Axial Force adjustment. In other words, if the Axial force adjustment could not get the measured axial force to be within the Axial Force window (set point plus or minus sensitivity) during the idle time between measure- ments, the acquisition could proceed regardless of the actual axial force. New Priority option now allows user to give priority to either Data Sampling (acquire data regardless of actual axial force) or Axial Force (continue adjusting axial force until the measured force is within the AutoTension window). • Removed Hold Current Force option from Gap Control panel: To hold a force on a sample after loading, enter values in Axial Force and Sensitivity then check the Set Initial Value box. • Inherit option has been added to the Axial force mode option within the Conditioning > Options. Use this when you desire for the current axial force and other parameters applied to the sample to be inherited based on the last setting (either from the Gap Control panel or previous Condition- ing > Options step).
  • 70. Page 70 of 83 • Advanced Testing Options • Parallel Superposition, ability to superimpose steady shear rate on oscillation experiment, added to the Advanced options of oscillation tests. • Normal Force Transducer Mode Selection, available under the Advanced options for all test steps (oscillation, flow, step, and other). • Transient data collection option added to oscillation mode, available under the Data Acquisition section for Oscillation tests: Allows collection of uncorrelated data: Torque, Displacement and Normal Force of the selected Oscillation test type. Data can be later exported for user analysis. Standard correlated material parameters: G', G'', * etc., are not calculated and stored in this option. Data acquired in this mode are similar to those generated in the Transient Sine Strain test, and are reported that way in TRIOS. Note: Axial Force Control is not recommended with FRT normal force transducer mode selected.
  • 71. Page 71 of 83 • Multiwave test support including waveform preview. • Additional harmonics have been added (10th through 256th) as well as the ability to specify a phase offset for each harmonic. • Multiwave data can also be acquired using transient (non-correlated) mode, as discussed above.
  • 72. Page 72 of 83 • Arbitrary Wave test support including waveform preview. The Arbitrary Wave test allows the defini- tion of the strain history used to deform the sample by supplying one or more equations for strain as a function of time. Up to four individual equations, each with a specified duration, can be used in each step, and multiple steps can be used in experiments.
  • 73. Page 73 of 83 • Transducer Zero Timing • In previous version of TRIOS, the time required to zero a transducer channel was fixed, which resulted in typical startup delays of about 45 seconds between the start of experiments and the start of data acquisition. This has been streamlined to typically take less than 10 seconds to complete. Additionally, this behavior can be overridden in a Transducer Conditioning block to either com- pletely disable transducer zeroing, or use 3 different zeroing times. The default mode is 4 seconds (Fast + Autorange). Approximate Transducer Zero Times (Seconds) Mode Single Transducer All three Transducers / (Autorange ON) Fast 2 4 Standard 7 10 Precision 23 64
  • 74. Page 74 of 83 • Geometry Enhancements • Geometry selection is now part of the Home Ribbon options for increased visibility and ease of selection. It is no longer possible change the selected geometry within the Geometry bar selection of the test setup or from the Geometry Manager. Parameters of selected geometry are editable within the Geometry block. • Geometry constants have been modified to include input of upper and lower geometry compliance values separately. • The compliance and inertia have fixed SI units as follows: Compliance [mrad/N.m]; Inertia [µN.m.s2 ] • Temperature gap compensation parameters for active and passive control have been moved from Conditioning > Options step to geometry section. Note that gap compensation is automatically disabled when Axial force control is running. Note: All current geometry files will be deleted upon installation of this new version of TRIOS software and therefore will require new setup. Before installing this new version, record the parameters of your current geometries for reference. Setup is slightly different. See attached documentation for further details.
  • 75. Page 75 of 83 • Added support for the following geometries: SER2 universal testing geometry, torsion cylindrical, concentric cylinder geometry types.
  • 76. Page 76 of 83 • Real Time Variable Pane • Enhanced to separate real time (updated several times a second regardless of whether a test is running) and last point variables (which are updated only after a data point has been processed).
  • 77. Page 77 of 83 Data Representation and Analysis • Enhanced Analysis Functionality • Transformations • Discrete relaxation spectrum to discrete retardation spectrum • Discrete relaxation to oscillation • Discrete relaxation to stress relaxation • Discrete relaxation to memory function • Discrete retardation spectrum to discrete relaxation spectrum • Discrete retardation spectrum to creep • Continuous relaxation spectrum to oscillation • Continuous relaxation spectrum to stress relaxation • Continuous relaxation spectrum to memory function • Continuous retardation spectrum to creep • Memory function to oscillation • Stress relaxation to oscillation • Analysis Models • Stress relaxation to discrete relaxation spectrum • Stress relaxation to continuous relaxation spectrum • Oscillation to discrete relaxation spectrum • Oscillation to continuous relaxation spectrum • Creep to discrete retardation spectrum • Creep to continuous retardation spectrum • Peak/Valley Find • Data Manipulation • Smoothing • Merge Steps • Split Steps
  • 78. Page 78 of 83 • Point Display (Waveform) Enhancements • The data shown in the point display of an oscillation experiment should not be cross-correlated to calculate material functions (such as G’, G”, η* …). It is intended as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the quality of the signals. The table view for point display has been removed. If cross correlation is desired, a new option in the Data Acquisition section of Oscillation experiments has been added [Transient data collection] to collect transient data for user analysis. See “Advanced Testing Options” on page 70 for additional information. • Support for Lissajous Plots in Oscillation mode. • Support for Point Display for Flow Sweep.
  • 79. Page 79 of 83 Miscellaneous Fixes and Enhancements ARES-G2 Instrument Control • New Experiment setup has been improved. • There are now two new Experiment options: Copy Last and Default. Copy Last creates a new experiment setup based on the last run experiment (copying the sample and procedure informa- tion). Default creates a new experiment with no (empty) sample information and a single step pro- cedure. In both cases, geometry is based on selected option as specified above. • Only one new experiment can be setup and viewed at a time. If a new (unrun) experiment is already loaded and Copy Last or Default (Experiment) is selected, you will be prompted to replace the current setup. • The START button is enabled only when viewing this new experiment document (not when view- ing a saved data file or other type of document). • Within new experiment setup, only one section can be opened at the time. If one section is expanded (opened), the previous open section will automatically collapse. To view more than one section at a time, hold down the shift key while clicking on the section bar. • Expanded file name tokens to include Project and Date. • Repaired run execution error resulting from back to back Sine Strain tests. • Steady stress option removed from Motor Control panel. • ARES-G2 FCO feature for LN2 to Air switching and LN2 to Gas switching has been repaired. • Stress control enhancements including expanded environmental control support, offset correction between selecting between Run/Calculate and Load PIDs within the Conditioning > Stress Control step; refinement of low viscosity criteria when calculating PID constants. • Image Collection Enhancements • Image capture has been changed from a global run parameter to a step based option. As a result, this option has been moved from the Image panel to the experimental setup for each test step under Data Acquisition options. • Camera images are now stored as JPEG vs. BMP with the experimental file, reducing overall file size
  • 80. Page 80 of 83 • Added image capture interval rate for time based tests, such as Oscillation time sweep, Stress Growth and Oscillation Temperature Ramp tests. • Non time-based tests (such as Frequency Sweep, Amplitude Sweep, Temperature Sweep and Flow Sweep) will have an image stored with every data point generated. Images are updated and stored at a maximum rate of approximately once per second. Note that at faster data rates images may not be acquired and attached to data points. • Images can now be exported from the TRIOS file to various file format options. • By default, the Normal Force transducer will be set to Spring mode at the end of the test. • Previously, the motor would continue to oscillate during soak time between oscillation measurements in certain cases. The motor is now stopped in all cases. • Enhanced data handling communication for long and fast collection experiments. • When an instrument safety system aborts a test, Event messages have been added to indicate the reason that the Abort was generated. • Fast-Correlate measurements are no longer limited to 65536 points per measurement zone. • Fixed an issue where the motor would spin slowly after the instrument was left idle for extended periods of time. Data Representation and Analysis • RAD File Export (for import into Orchestrator software) enhanced to properly associate data types for exported variables. • Transducer range now properly represented in graph when range changes during an experiment. • Enhanced the TRIOS application performance when opening and closing large data files. • TRIOS software version and run date captured within data file in the Procedure summary. • Units and tick mark preferences are now saved as part of graph representation preferences. • Text color can now be selected from the Ribbon/Format options using the mouse selection vs. using the Enter key. • Graph Legend has been enhanced to link selection with curve selection on the graph.
  • 81. Page 81 of 83 • The Views menu to select between open tabs (views) within a document has been fully implemented. • Start, Stop, Copy Last Experiment, and Default Experiment were added to the quick access bar for easy access. • Added new function To New Overlay Document within the View menu to facilitate creation of a new overlay document based on selected view. • File manager now has its own mini-ribbon for quick access to file manager functionality. • Rescaling Enhancements including: • When entering manual rescale limits, the tick interval will be automatically optimized, if not spec- ified. • The axis labeling will automatically switch to scientific notation when the data exceeds 107 or greater. • Scientific axis tick labeling has been changed to 10x notation vs. Ex notation on the graph. • After changing units, scaling is properly adjusted. • Fixed crash when the graph got too small. • Analysis Enhancements including: • Analysis parameters can now be adjusted after the fit is complete to investigate effect on quality of fit. Parameters may be copied to the input parameter window to be used for next fit. • Frequency-cycle oscillation steps can now be split into temperature sweeps as well as frequency Sweeps through the File Manager > Transformations options.
  • 82. Page 82 of 83 • Correlation coefficient has replaced old standard error on analysis output parameters. • New TTS set reference dialog to allow easy selection of reference temperature. • TTS support for creep and stress relaxation has been added. • New Match Variables button to automatically display required variables for analysis on the graph. • Fixed bug where a line drawn on a graph would change from positive to negative slope when print- ing or changing the scale. • The active axis indicator is now a line under the axis label (versus a dotted box). • Fixed crash when changing the column units in a spreadsheet. • The default variables displayed on the spreadsheet and graph for a number of the tests have been changed. • Show Properties is now a toggle button - if the properties are displayed they will be hidden upon selec- tion of this button again. • If a file save fails, the user is informed; where possible, the partial file is removed. General • TRIOS Application now 64-bit compatible. • Updated ARES-G2 Getting Started manual and TRIOS Online Help.
  • 83. Page 83 of 83 TA Instruments Offices For information on our latest products, contact information, and more, see our web site at: http://www.tainstruments.com TA Instruments — Waters LLC Corporate Headquarters 159 Lukens Drive New Castle, DE 19720 USA Telephone: 302-427-4000 Fax: 302-427-4001 Email: info@tainstruments.com