isomerism chemical bonds

1. Behaviour of Biological
Compounds:
Isomerism,Chemical Bonds
Presented by,
Karnavat Dimpal B.
Msc sem-2 (Botany)
Paper CBO-406
Department of life sciences HNGU,patan

2. Content
Isomerism
1.Structural isomers
2.Stereoisomerism
Chemical bonds
1.Hydrogen bonds
2.Covalent bonds
3.Ionic bonds

3. INTRODUCTION
Isomers are different compounds that have the same
molecular formula. Different compounds means that
they have different physical properties (melting point,
boiling point etc.). They may also have very different
chemical properties depending on the type of
isomerism present. Isomers may be divided into
structural isomers, in which the atoms are joined in a
different order, so that they have different structural
formulae
stereoisomerism, in which the order in which the
atoms are joined is the same, but the molecules have a
different spatial arrangement of the atoms and hence
different three dimensional shapes.

4. • At the beginning, an open discussion should be
done, about the differences in nature, and how
similar things often are completely deferent.
• During the first class, Željko’ll do the introduction
to alakanes, their structure and properties, and
Jelena will do revision about carbohydrates.
The aim of the first class is assimilation of basic
knowledge about carbohydrates structure.

5. • During the second class students should make
models of molecules. They have to make
different structure with the same number of
atoms ( making structural isomers based on
the same molecular formula).
• Students should work within the small groups.
• At the and of the hour the have to present
they work.

6. • During the third class, an idea of isomers
should be explained, and how it reacts to
physical and chemical properties.
• Some experiments could be done, depends on
the laboratory equipment.

7. • During the fourth class, the introduction to
alkenes should be done.
• Student should work within groups, making
models of molecules with double bond. They
have to recognize, that rotation around
double bond isn’t possible. They have to
make presentation of their results.
• Based on the results, a definition of the
geometric isomerism should be explained.

8. • Jelena will make a different approach.
• First class will start with the revision of the
structural, geometrical and stereo isomers.
• Second class, teacher presents the structure,
properties and appliance of the
monosaccharide.

9. • Students will get cards filled with various
structures of epimers and entiomers of the
monosaccharide.
• They should classify them into groups- L and D
forms and α and β forms.
• They should link the pairs of certain
enatiomers.

10. • Evaluation class
• The appliance of the gained knowledge in the
further field of biochemistry, e.g. proteins,
nucleid acids etc .

11. Introduction
Sometimes bonds from between two of the same
kinds of atom like O(2) other times
bonds from between different kinds of atom or
ions as in Nacl .If a substance is made different
type of ions that are in same way chemically
boud together it is called a compound just as an
atom is the smallest unit of an element that has
all the properties of the element.
1.Ionic bonds
2.Covalent bonds
3.Hydrogen bonds

12. Bond/Interact
ion
Description Role associated to
bond/interaction
Covalent/
peptide
Sharing electrons OR
Linking amino acids
together
Amino acid sequence OR
primary structure
Hydrogen H-O or H-N interactions α helix, β sheet; secondary,
tertiary, or quaternary
structure
Ionic Changed R groups Tertiary or quaternary
structure

13. Hydrogen bonds
• This Brings us to the third major kind of bond.
A hydrogen bond is the atraction between a
hydrogen in a polar covalent relationship and
another atom in a different polar covalent
relationship.If we have a bunch of water
molecule,for instance, a hydrogen bond forms
between each slightly positive side of hydrogen in
one molecule and the slightly negative side of
oxygen in the other water molecules.

14. Covalent bond
Covalent bond from between atoms that are
willing to share.
Covalent bonds are really strong even stronger
than ionic bond.
As a biological compound covalent bond is
very useful in the structure of proteins,
Enzaymes and many other biological
structure.

15. Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds from between ions that have
opposite electrical charges.
Take an atom of sodium and an atom of clorine.
Sodium only has one lonely electrons
feel about being lonely. Chlorine has seven
electrons in its outer shell one short of full
house.
Ionic bons are very useful in many biological
structure like amino acid,
proteins,enzaymes,etc…

17. • References
1.www.authorstream.com
2.Fundamentals of biochemistry(Jain J. L)
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18. Thank You
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