Cardiopulmonary Conditions Instructions (Must be included in paper and discussed in presentation) 1. What population is this condition typically found in? 2. How does the condition typically occur? What is the etiology? 3. What anatomical structures are involved? 4. What medical interventions are required? 5. What precautions or contraindications must the PTA be aware of during the patient’s medical treatment and/or during recovery? 6. What is the typical time frame for patient full recovery OR how long following medical intervention until the patient is considered able to return to full functional abilities (or return to PLOF). 7. What types of PT interventions are typically used to treat the condition during the: a. acute phase b. functional phase 8. Are there any recommended interventions that do not fall under the PTA’s scope of work? 9. Create an example daily treatment plan for the patient 3 weeks following injury/medical intervention based on information found during your research. Running head: AN EXPLORE OF SARCOIDOSIS: MANAGING SARCOIDOSIS CONDITION AN EXPLORE ON SARCOIDOSIS 2 AN EXPLORE ON SARCOIDOSIS Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation An Explore on Sarcoidosis Medical experts have discovered that sarcoidosis is a sequential ailment whose cause remains a mystery yet it presents varied and numerous forms of conditions, consequences, severity, and needs for medical attention especially treatments (Liu et al., 2014). Bearing in mind that sarcoidosis ailment associated with the development of tiny chains of inflammatory cells mainly in the lungs and lymph nodes as well as eyes and skin, the presentation of this condition could be typical or in many cases, they remain non-specific hence could mislead the diagnostic outcomes. The most significant case which could present this condition is the one with the forefront of pulmonary manifestations (Alicia, 2014). Consequently, the diagnosis depends on three common criteria which are not clinically common. The Rates of Morbidity courtesy of Sarcoidosis Scientific researches affiliated to the Sarcoidosis deaths in the States: 1999 to 2016 courtesy of the journal Respiratory Medicine explored that, America loses about 16,665 people through sarcoidosis. The data also revealed that the mortality rates had increased from 2.1 to 3 per 1 million persons in 1999 to 2016 respectively (Blankstein et al., 2014). These rates seemed to have increased from 2.1 to 3.1 from 1999 to 2002 and remained stable in the progressing years. The data also shows that patients within the age brackets of 35 years and above died courtesy of sarcoidosis with those between 65 to 75 years recording the highest rates of 8.5 deaths per 1 million while those between 75 to 84 years reporting nine deaths per 1 million (Liu et al., 2014). Either the rate of deaths among women patients increased by 32% (2.5 to 3.3 per 1 million patients while men morbidity increased by 73.3% (from 1.5 to 2.6 deat.

1. Cardiopulmonary Conditions Instructions
(Must be included in paper and discussed in presentation)
1. What population is this condition typically found in?
2. How does the condition typically occur? What is the
etiology?
3. What anatomical structures are involved?
4. What medical interventions are required?
5. What precautions or contraindications must the PTA be aware
of during the patient’s medical treatment and/or during
recovery?
6. What is the typical time frame for patient full recovery OR
how long following medical intervention until the patient is
considered able to return to full functional abilities (or return to
PLOF).
7. What types of PT interventions are typically used to treat the
condition during the:
a. acute phase
b. functional phase
8. Are there any recommended interventions that do not fall
under the PTA’s scope of work?
9. Create an example daily treatment plan for the patient 3
weeks following injury/medical intervention based on
information found during your research.
Running head: AN EXPLORE OF SARCOIDOSIS: MANAGING
SARCOIDOSIS CONDITION
AN EXPLORE ON SARCOIDOSIS 2

2. AN EXPLORE ON SARCOIDOSIS
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
An Explore on Sarcoidosis
Medical experts have discovered that sarcoidosis is a
sequential ailment whose cause remains a mystery yet it
presents varied and numerous forms of conditions,
consequences, severity, and needs for medical attention
especially treatments (Liu et al., 2014). Bearing in mind that
sarcoidosis ailment associated with the development of tiny
chains of inflammatory cells mainly in the lungs and lymph
nodes as well as eyes and skin, the presentation of this
condition could be typical or in many cases, they remain non-
specific hence could mislead the diagnostic outcomes. The most
significant case which could present this condition is the one
with the forefront of pulmonary manifestations (Alicia, 2014).
Consequently, the diagnosis depends on three common criteria
which are not clinically common.
The Rates of Morbidity courtesy of Sarcoidosis

3. Scientific researches affiliated to the Sarcoidosis deaths in
the States: 1999 to 2016 courtesy of the journal Respiratory
Medicine explored that, America loses about 16,665 people
through sarcoidosis. The data also revealed that the mortality
rates had increased from 2.1 to 3 per 1 million persons in 1999
to 2016 respectively (Blankstein et al., 2014). These rates
seemed to have increased from 2.1 to 3.1 from 1999 to 2002 and
remained stable in the progressing years. The data also shows
that patients within the age brackets of 35 years and above died
courtesy of sarcoidosis with those between 65 to 75 years
recording the highest rates of 8.5 deaths per 1 million while
those between 75 to 84 years reporting nine deaths per 1 million
(Liu et al., 2014). Either the rate of deaths among women
patients increased by 32% (2.5 to 3.3 per 1 million patients
while men morbidity increased by 73.3% (from 1.5 to 2.6 deaths
per 1 million patients.
About a sarcoidosis case involving a 43-year-old, Coolie
Cope, a university student taking masters in Hotel Management,
he was diagnosed with various symptoms observed: pains in the
joints, fever, fatigue, respiratory disorders, and deformed skin.
Consequently, the patient underwent a three-week treatment
plan which included medical as well as physical therapy through
the outpatient medical plan as depicted in the last section of this
paper (Blankstein et al., 2014). From the onset of the treatment,
the client’s condition was severe; hence it took longer than
anticipated to recuperate him. For instance, the client was
under strict timetable of medication and minor physical
therapies for the first two weeks in order to eliminate joint
pains, fever, and respiratory conditions to normalcy before
being submitted to an exact timetable of physiotherapy. The
session was guided by close and strict monitoring hence
responding to the situation and recovering as expected. Both the
medical and physiotherapies lasted for three weeks with an
extra week for the final interventions at the time the client was
able to return to his normal daily activities.
Etiology of Sarcoidosis

4. Although the cause of this ailment remains unknown,
scientists have been able to establish the condition could
emerge from the response between the one’s body immunity
with an unknown substance (Liu et al., 2014). Some researchers
have pinpointed that infectious agents, dust, chemicals and
abnormal response to the body’s proteins otherwise called self-
proteins could contribute to the formation of granulomas in the
genetically predisposed patients (Alicia, 2014). Even though
this ailment does not have a cure, the majority of the patients
survive without treatment with some modest undergoing
treatment. Some patients have experienced prolonged
sarcoidosis while others said the condition vanished on its own.
Anatomy of Sarcoidosis
Accordingly, the anatomical structure of sarcoidosis
depicts predominantly localized within the lymph nodes, lungs,
and skin. Either, the severity of tuberculin energy is the basic
and determining features of this condition. Consequently, there
should be cautious while carrying out diagnostic tests from the
history of the lymph node material. It can prevail, therefore,
presumptively; not with the final certainty (Florence et al.,
2016). Lung biopsy specimens could emerge with transbronchial
biopsy or from the extrapulmonary sections like the pubic
lymphatic system and the liver. According to pathological
outcomes in sarcoidosis constitute of noncaseating granulomas
with epithelioid cells the large multinucleated giant cells.
Nevertheless, granulomas from the inflammatory activities
exemplified by tuberculosis, fungal and histoplasmosis
infections and the tumor-related sarcoid response should be
isolated.
Thoracic involvement
Bearing in mind that pulmonary involves hugely in the
majority of the sarcoidosis cases, CT outcomes is critical in
diagnosing and presenting this ailment. There are some
radiologic steps of intrathoracic transformation: normal
radiograph step followed by the stage of lymphadenopathy only
and the lymphadenopathy which comes with the infiltration of

5. the parenchyma. Either, the stage of parenchymal disorder only
and the pulmonary fibrosis stage are also crucial in this scenario
(Alicia, 2014). About a half the number of sarcoidosis patients
are victims of the first stage of the disease.
Meditational lymph nodes: The left paratracheal and aortic-
pulmonary window nodes become enlarged, yet they are not
readily visible on a poster anterior chest radiographs. Either
calcification, which is usually amorphous, egg-like and
punctuates, happens within the affected lymph nodes
(Blankstein et al., 2014). Either its closeness to the duration of
the ailment help to identify the severity of the condition.
Lungs: Researches have also stated that sarcoid
granulomas in the lungs are within the lymphatic vessels whose
activities collate with the interstitial tissues found in the
bronchovascular bundles as well as the perilobular and the open
sections of the subpleural. The pattern of distribution as
depicted by the High-resolution CT shows that the upper lung
predominantly and coexistence of meditational
lymphadenopathy strongly shows the presence of sarcoidosis
(Liu et al., 2014). This scenario helps to differentiate the
condition from the other nodular lesions namely military
tuberculosis, eosinophilic granuloma, and metastasis. Heart:
According to the outcomes of the autopsy series, patients could
remain asymptomatic with one prevailing condition; abnormal
electrocardiographic outcomes and clinical symptoms of
myocardial involvement. Nevertheless, the involvement of the
conduction pathway could lead to sudden cardiac arrest, heart
blockage, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure.
Sarcoidosis Recovery Time
According to Alicia (2014), almost 60% of patients
suffering from this disease will heal own their own without any
intervention. The recovery time for Sarcoidosis varies based on
severity and the stage of the disease. Acute sarcoidosis
normally takes a few weeks to months from the onset the
symptoms. A patient suffering from a chronic one may takes
years to return to normal action after full recovery.

6. Prevention measures for Sarcoidosis
Although sarcoidosis ailment is mysterious in terms of
how it infects or treated, the ailment could be prevented through
engaging in a healthy lifestyle hence avoiding the excess taking
of alcohol and cigarette smoking as well as limiting exposure to
toxic inhalants, gases, and fumes (Blankstein et al., 2014). PTA
Interventions: The absence of a cure for sarcoidosis prompted
scientific remedies towards suppressing the ailment through
medical and PTA interventions depending on its stage
Acute stage: during this period, patients under short-term
admissions due to sarcoidosis ailment, surgery or recovery from
the same are submitted to physical therapy to enhance his/her
medical stability and safety thus speeding up discharging.
Patients involved in a guided program of physical exercises
within a recommended period in order to improve one’s mood,
reduce fatigue and strengthen body muscles hence promoting
wellness. Functional stage: This stage is where sarcoidosis
symptoms cannot be referred to any measurable lesions or
change of structure as opposed to ailment stages where the
organ is damaged (Blankstein et al., 2014). Apart from
undergoing frequent testing and monitoring, encouraging
patients to take their prescribed medicine, physical therapists
would also take them through flexible chains of physical
activities
Out of PTA, a scope suggested interventions
When offering treatment to sarcoidosis patients, it is clear
that there is no cure for this ailment and the treatment offered
depends on the severity of the condition. Among the offered out
of therapy, interventions include giving medication, surgery,
consistency monitoring as well as offering other treatments.
Clinical Interventions and Treatment: Experts explores that
clinical practices, prognosis, and the normal trends show some
variation with the trend to wine and wax hence the likelihood
that the course and prognosis may correlate with the mode of
onset and the prevailing state of the ailment (Alicia,
2014).Chronic onset with asymptomatic bilateral hilar

7. lymphadenopathy or erythema nodosum usually portends a self-
disadvantaging course with the spontaneous decision, while the
insidious onset as exemplified by the involvement of the lung or
many extrapulmonary lesions followed by consistent fibrosis of
the lungs as well as other body organs (Liu et al., 2014).
According to researches, corticosteroids are useful in the
treatment of sarcoidosis with some patients responding well
while others needed prolonged therapy. In some cases with a
vigorous ailment or frequently the recurring condition,
immunosuppressive drugs namely cyclophosphamide and
methotrexate could be needed.
Samples Treatment Plan
Recipient Information
Provider’s Information
Medicaid Number: 25950966
Medicaid Number: 5555675
DOB: 09/12/1976
Treatment Plan Date: 07/01/2019
Other Agencies Involved
Plan to Coordinate activities
Coolie Cope, MD. Medical Practitioner
Telephone communication during the first week of treatment, as
required but at least once in every month.
University of Wells
Request the lecturer to fill the necessary form, one during the
initial week of treatment to facilitate constant phone
communication as per the requirement
Medication
Dose
Frequency
Indication
Methotrexate, leflunomide or azathioprine
1

8. One in one week for three weeks
Inability to work: fever, fatigue, joint pains, respiratory
disorder, affected the skin
1. Problem/ syndrome
Inability to involve in normal chores as manifested through
joint pains, fever, fatigue, respiratory disorders, and disfigured
skin
Long Term Objective
The symptoms of respiratory disorders, skin deformation, fever
and fatigue, and joint pains would be mitigated not to interfere
with Coolie Cope’s ability to work
Short Team Objectives
Starting Date
Date of Completion
Date Achieved
1. Coolie developed a wellness plan courtesy of a guide from a
medical and physiotherapists
2. Coolie had to involve in minor physical activities and an
additional sport
3. Coolie had frequent visits to the hospital for three weeks
4. Coolie accessed problem-solving guidelines on coping with
visible symptoms especially on joint pains and skin
deformation.
5. He also receives essential guidance on how to identify further
symptoms and how to act.
07/01/2019
08/01/2019
09/01/2019
17/01/2019
21/01/2019

9. 07/01/2019
09/01/2019
11/01/2019
17/01/2019
27/01/2019
07/01/2019
09/01/2019
16/01/2019
17/01/2019
27/01/2019
Intervention/Action: Conducting an individual physical and
medical therapies and developing skills that would help identify
different syndromes and the suitable ways of neutralizing them
through any of the two approaches.
He received guidelines in developing medical and physical
therapy plan towards neutralizing the symptoms such as joint
pains, fatigue, fever and skin deformations hence encouraging
Coolie to learn how to rely less on people for vigorous
wellness. Coolie was under a strict schedule of taking medicine
under the facilitation of medical practitioner or out of hospital
assistants such as relatives. Follow up activities be used to
review and monitor his healing state.
References
Alicia K. Gerke (2014): Morbidity and Mortality in Sarcoidosis.
Published in final edited form as Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2014

10. Sep; 20(5): 472–478. Doi: 10.1097/MCP/000080
Blankstein R, Osborne M., & Naya M. (2014): Cardiac positron
emission tomography enhances prognostic assessments of
patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol.
2014; 63(4):329–36.
Florence Jeny, Diane Bouvry, Olivia Freynet, Michael Soussan,
Michel Brauner, Carole Planes, Hilario Nunes & Dominique
Valeyre (2016): Management of sarcoidosis in clinical practice.
European Respiratory Review 25: 141-150; DOI:
10.1183/16000617.0013.
Liu Y., Su L, & Jiang SJ. (2014): Client-related clinical
vulnerability factors for primary graft dysfunction during the
post lung transplantation: a systematic review and meta-
analysis. PloS one. 2014; 9(3):e92773.