Week Two Annotated Bibliography Worksheet Reminders: Each of the four sources here, will need to be peer-reviewed scholarly sources obtained through the AU Library Databases. Before you begin, be sure you have critically read ALL of the instructions and that you have watched the video tutorial for creating an APA formatted Annotated Bibliography and reviewed the Model APA formatted Annotated Bibliography example . A. Topic: A. Civil Rights Act 1964 The act is characterized as the US landmark of civil rights as well as labor laws o united states of America. The primary concern of the act is to outlaw all form of discrimination regarding religion, nationality, race and gender. This topic will focus on policy of ensuring justice free American citizen. The policy will also revolve around the people who discriminate against others in relations to aspects such as gender, ethnicity, race and nationality. The policy will explain how respecting civil rights of every citizen will create the favorable atmosphere for people in every state. The civil right act also plays the role of prohibiting unequal application of public accommodations, voter’s registration requirements as well as employment. In the beginning the powers enforced into the act were weak however amendment process later took place. At the same time the congress applied authority to legislate various region of US constitution by specifically regulating interstate commerce. The key aim of the arrangement was to ensure that citizen enjoyed equal law protection via14th amendment therefore, protecting the voting rights of every citizen B. Annotated Bibliography Sources (Jones, D.M.(1994). No time for trumpets:Title VII, equality, and the fin de siecle): 1. Jones, D.M.(1994). No time for trumpets:Title VII, equality, and the fin de siecle, Michigan Law review, (80,2311). 2. The Supreme Court’s examination of the equality through civil right act of 1964 has failed to attain the social justice for the African American individuals. The adoption of societal view by the Supreme Court has led to policing of individuals violation instead of achievement of the soil justice of the black people. The societal view asserts that discrimination can only occur if the employer decides to treat individual differently given the similar situation or event. White society decided the on the meaning of equality as well as discrimination and the decision is the poor reflection of the African American’s experience. Contrarily according to black individuals, discrimination is a form of evil perpetrated on their race by the country. Thus, the Supreme Court should alter its way of thinking. C. 1. Simpson, W. (2016). Above Reproach: How The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Escapes Constitutional Checks and Balances. Review of banking & Financial Law, 36(1),343. 2. The CFPB drew a lot of constitutional issues such as the one the US court of appeal for DC circuit held the CFPPB’s single agency director is structu ...

1. Week Two Annotated Bibliography Worksheet
Reminders: Each of the four sources here, will need to be peer-
reviewed scholarly sources obtained through the AU Library
Databases. Before you begin, be sure you have critically read
ALL of the instructions and that you have watched the video
tutorial for creating an APA formatted Annotated Bibliography
and reviewed the Model APA formatted Annotated Bibliography
example .
A. Topic: A. Civil Rights Act 1964
The act is characterized as the US landmark of civil rights
as well as labor laws o united states of America. The primary
concern of the act is to outlaw all form of discrimination
regarding religion, nationality, race and gender. This topic will
focus on policy of ensuring justice free American citizen. The
policy will also revolve around the people who discriminate
against others in relations to aspects such as gender, ethnicity,
race and nationality. The policy will explain how respecting
civil rights of every citizen will create the favorable atmosphere
for people in every state. The civil right act also plays the role
of prohibiting unequal application of public accommodations,
voter’s registration requirements as well as employment. In the
beginning the powers enforced into the act were weak however
amendment process later took place. At the same time the
congress applied authority to legislate various region of US
constitution by specifically regulating interstate commerce. The
key aim of the arrangement was to ensure that citizen enjoyed
equal law protection via14th amendment therefore, protecting
the voting rights of every citizen
B. Annotated Bibliography Sources (Jones, D.M.(1994). No
time for trumpets:Title VII, equality, and the fin de siecle):
1. Jones, D.M.(1994). No time for trumpets:Title VII,
equality, and the fin de siecle, Michigan Law review, (80,2311).
2. The Supreme Court’s examination of the equality

2. through civil right act of 1964 has failed to attain the social
justice for the African American individuals. The adoption of
societal view by the Supreme Court has led to policing of
individuals violation instead of achievement of the soil justice
of the black people. The societal view asserts that
discrimination can only occur if the employer decides to treat
individual differently given the similar situation or event. White
society decided the on the meaning of equality as well as
discrimination and the decision is the poor reflection of the
African American’s experience. Contrarily according to black
individuals, discrimination is a form of evil perpetrated on their
race by the country. Thus, the Supreme Court should alter its
way of thinking.
C.
1. Simpson, W. (2016). Above Reproach: How The Consumer
Financial Protection Bureau Escapes Constitutional Checks and
Balances. Review of banking & Financial Law, 36(1),343.
2. The CFPB drew a lot of constitutional issues such as the
one the US court of appeal for DC circuit held the CFPPB’s
single agency director is structurally unconstitutional of only
the director is removed from the duties by the president. The
president cannot easily remove the director of CFBP on duties
according to Simpson (2016), reform and consumer protection
act created the vanguard of powerful and independent agencies
through development of consumer financial protection bureau.
This creates separation of power doctrine, preventing the
federal government from accumulating a lot of power in one
branch. It is hard for the congress to review the CFPB’s budget.
This is because the bureau is protected from scrutiny.
D. Annotated Bibliography Sources. (Liberal and
conservative dissensus in areas of domestic public policy other
than business and economics):
1. Grafton, A., & Permaloff, A. (2005). Liberal and
conservative dissensus in areas of domestic public policy other
than business and economics. Policy Sciences, 38(1).,45-67
2. The resource aims at examining the nature of the

3. political ideology in US and its effect on the implementation
and formulation of public policies. Grafton & Permaloff (2005)
explores the foundation of liberal-conservative dissensus in the
region of the domestic policy besides business as well as the
economy through the model created by Goldman, Janda and
Berry. The major aspects of dissensus includes the strong
conservative disposition to defend order, limited exception the
liberal indifferences to order as mot conservatives define it and
conservative opposition to expansion of the federal power
through the state or federal expansion spending or unless the
order is being threatened. Liberal emphasis on the equality as
well as varying conceptualization of the basic values is also
crucial.
E.
1. Hersch, J., & Shinall, J.B. (2015). Fifty Years Later: The
Legacy of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Journal of Policy
Analysis And Management, 34(2). 424-456.
2. Dress the issue of enhancing the outcome of protected
classes the act founded the period of expanding civil legislation
and then implemented the framework which permit the
expansion of coverage via judicial interpretation minus
requiring the passage of the new laws. The resource analyze the
legacy of the civil right act over the previous 50 threats by
reviewing the history, employment, effect on wages scope as
well as the segregation consequences of the act’s five protected
classes. Further, the application entails prohibiting sexual
harassment, protection against Color discrimination distinct
from race discrimination which might increase multi race
population as well as immigration.
Annotated Bibliography Example: This is an example of how
your annotations should look on the Week 2 Annotated
Bibliography Worksheet once completed. Please note this is an
actual source, but NOT one applicable for your final research
paper.
Source:

4. Brown, K., Royer, S., Waterhouse, J., & Ridge, S. (2005).
Virtual workforces and the shifting frontier of control. The
Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(3), 310-325. Retrieved from
EbscoHost database.
Paragraph:
The political process has a significant impact on virtual
workforces. Brown, Royer, Waterhouse, and Ridge (2005)
studied how organizations innovate and create new technology
to allow remote employees to communicate virtually. This has
changed a great deal since 2005, but the important aspect of
rethinking how employees and managers do business and
manage assignments within the virtual workplace is discussed.
As online education continues to evolve, more changes will be
necessary within online colleges and universities to keep up
with the changing technology and to restructure their workforce
to meet the needs of students. These changes can result in new
organizational structures that lead to the need for less hierarchy
within an organization (Brown, Royer, Waterhouse, & Ridge,
2005).
Ford Motor Company
Asia Sabree
April 1st, 2020
Wilmington University
FIN 306: Corporate Finance
Ford Motor Company

5. Founded in 1903.
Global automotive and mobility company.
Net worth of $27.64B.
Firm, Industry, Environment
An impending recession is reducing demand for automobiles,
and impacting Ford’s sales and profitability
Currently redesigning domestic and international business
structures.
William Clay Ford is the Executive Chairman.
Jim Hackett, President and Chief Executive Officer.
Ford’s top competitors
American auto manufacturer General Motors (net worth
$43.88B).
Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota Motors (net worth $236B).
Indian auto manufacturer, Tata Motors (net worth $6.6B).
German auto manufacturer Daimler AG (net worth $44.85B).
South Korean auto manufacturer Hyundai Motors (net worth

6. $19.6B).
Consolidation of Financial position
Assets
Equity
Liabilities
Short term liquidity: FORD V GMC
Ford: 2019 2018 2017
Current Ratio 1.16 1.20 1.23
Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio 0.11 0.12 0.12
General Motors 2019 2018 2017
Current Ratio 0.88 0 .91 0.89
Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio 0.12 0.11 0.13
Activity Ratios:
FORD V GMC
Ford: 2019 2018 2017
Inventory Turnover 12.49 12.14 12.78
Average Collection Period 23 28 27
Average Payment Period 56 58 65

7. Total Asset Turnover 0.56 0.58 0.56
General Motors 2019 2018 2017
Inventory Turnover 10.64 12.29 10.77
Average Collection Period 20 18 22
Average Payment Period 69 67 76
Total Asset Turnover 0.54 0.59 0.63
Financial Leverage:
FORD V GMC
Ford: 2019 2018 2017
Debt Ratio 7.79 7.14 7.39
Time Interest Earned 0.37 4.54 8.19
General Motors 2019 2018 2017
Debt Ratio 5.46 5.85 6.07
Time Interest Earned 10.51 14.05 21.63
Profitability/Market Ratios: FORD V GMC
Ford: 2019 2018 2017
Gross Profit Margin 6.20% 8.11% 9.83%
Operating Profit Margin 0.40% 2.16% 3.30%
Net Profit Margin 0.03% 2.48% 5.22%
Earnings per share $0.01 $0.92 $1.93
Return on Total Assets 0.02% 1.43% 2.95%
Return on Common Equity 0.14% 10.23% 21.79%
General Motors 2019 2018 2017
Gross Profit Margin 9.82% 9.31% 13.92%

8. Operating Profit Margin 4.47% 3.34% 7.51%
Net Profit Margin 5.49% 6.02% -2.90%
Earnings per share $4.57 $5.53 $-2.60
Return on Total Assets 2.95% 3.53% -1.82%
Return on Equity 16.11% 20.62 -11.04%
FORD’s Common-Sized Income Statement
FORd’s Common-Sized Income Statement
(continued)
Common-Sized Income Statement Analysis
For full year 2019, Ford’s revenue was down 3 percent, to
$155.9 billion.
Net income margin was 0.0 percent in 2019, down from 2.3
percent in 2018.
Automotive revenue was down 3.1 percent from 2018, reflecting
decreases in mobility and ford credit segments.

9. The $3.6 billion year-over-year decline in net income in 2019 is
explained by the $6 billion of “special item” charges related to
Ford’s global redesign.
Ford’s gross profit for the year is $12.22 billion
Ford’s Capital Structure
Current ratio indicates that, at year-end 2019, current assets
covered current liabilities 1.16 times, less from 2018.
Ford’s capital structure is 62.26% equity and 37.74% debt.
Total assets increased by $19.97 billion, due to deferred income
taxes, asset depreciation on net operating leases.
Ford’s Capital Structure
Total assets increased by $19.97 billion, due to deferred income
taxes, asset depreciation on net operating leases.
Total liabilities increased by a total of 48.3 billion over the
years.
Ford’s Strengths

10. Ford’s competitive advantage is innovative technology and low
production cost.
The introduction of technology and making some of the process
online cuts down Ford’s excessive cost.
This low-cost strategy gives Ford a competitive advantage as
compared to its competitors.
Ford’s Weaknesses
Ford is declining in sales volume, particularly in the United
States, Europe, & China.
Lower-than-anticipated market acceptance of Ford’s new &
existing products or services.
Failure to achieve expected growth.
Investment Potential
For the past two years Ford’s stock prices have been falling.
Currently Ford’s stock is trading at $6.96 per share.
Ford stock returns of 0.5% underperformed in the market.

11. Ford intends to continue to pay a quarterly cash dividend on our
outstanding Common Stock and Class B Stock.
conclusion
Industry forecasts predict a bearish economic outlook for short-
term, mid-term, and long-term investments.
According to Ford, it is too early to estimate implications of the
coronavirus outbreak on its business.
Resources
Ford Historic timeline. (2020). Retrieved from
https://corporate.ford.com/history.html
Ford Stock Metrics. (2020) retrieved from
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/F?p=F&.tsrc=fin-srch
Ford Industry Averages. (2020). Retrieved from
FORD MOTOR COMPANY ISSUES A SAFETY
COMPLIANCE RECALL AND TWO SAFETY RECALLS.
(2020). Retrieved from
https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news.html
Ford Annual 10-K. (2020). Retrieved from
https://s22.q4cdn.com/857684434/files/doc_financials/2019/q4/
Ford-2019-10-K-Report.pdf
Ford Annual 10-K. (2019). Retrieved from
https://s22.q4cdn.com/857684434/files/doc_financials/2019/q4/
Ford-2019-10-K-Report.pdf

12. General Motor Company Annual 10-K (2020). Retrieved from
https://investor.gm.com/sec-filings/sec-filing/10-k/0001467858-
19-000033
General Motor Company Annual 10-K (2019). Retrieved from
https://investor.gm.com/sec-filings/sec-filing/10-k/0001467858-
19-000033
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Corporate Finance Final
Apple vs. Dell
By: Stacy Simmerman
Apple Inc.
Industry - Information Tech, Computing and Smartphones
Founders - Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs in 1976
First Successful personal computer company
Popularized the graphical user interface
Headquarters - Cupertino, California
Employees - 137,000+
Main Markets - USA and China

13. Net Revenue - $260B
Net Income - $552561M
Employees
(CNN Business, 2020)
Apple Management
CEO - Tim Cook
Senior VP of Operations - Sabih Khan
Senior VP of General Counsel - Katherine Adams
Senior VP Software Engineering - Craig Federighi
Senior VP and Chief Financial Officer - Luca Maestr
Chief Operating Officer - Jeff Williams
Other institutional32.93%Mutual fund holders28.80%Individual
stakeholders1.09%
Shareholders
(CNN Business, 2020)
Values and Culture
Excellence - reinforces a corporate culture that promotes,
appreciates, and expects top-notch excellence among employees
(Meyer, P., 2019).
Innovation - trains and motivates employees to innovate in
terms of individual work performance and contributions to
product development processes (Meyer, P., 2019).
Creativity - Utilizes employees’ abilities, knowledge, and
skillsets.
Accessibility
Education
Inclusion and Diversity Privacy
Environment
Supplier Responsibility

14. Labor and Environment
In 2018, Apple was under fire for labor violations.
Improper provision of wages, benefits, and working hours.
700 Filipino workers were forced to pay $1 million to their
employers.
Apple discovered three bonded labor violations in 2017.
Bonded labor - when labor is a condition of repayment for debt.
Another 38 violations were found including: working hours
falsification, access restriction, and underage labor.
Apple’s average environmental score was 91% while their
health and safety was 90%.
Apple had many environmental violations as well, including:
hazardous substance management, permits, improper waste
disposal, and air emissions.
Apple’s Income Statement
Apple’s Assets
Apple’s Liabilities
2017-2019
Apple Financial Overview 201720182019Total

15. Revenue$229,234,000$265,595,000$260,174,000Gross
Profit$88,186,000$101,839,000$98,392,000Operating
Expenses$26,842,000$30,941,000$34,462,000Operating
Income/Loss$61,344,000$70,898,000$63,930,000Net Income
$48,351,000$59,531,000$55,256,000
Apple has had fluctuations in all areas of their business, but are
performing very well in comparison to industry competitors.
Apple Short Term Liquidity Apple 201720182019Current
Ratio1.51.72.8Quick Ratio1.41.62.7Cash Ratio
2.11.51.8Dell201720182019Current Ratio1.61.61.3Quick
Ratio1.41.51.1Cash Ratio.6.6.1
Apple Ratios Ratios201720182019Gross
Profit38%38%38%Return on Asset41%44%35%Return on
Equity36%54%63%Times Interest Earned262219Inventory
Turnover1086763Operating Profit Margin27%27%25%Net
Profit Margin21%22%22%Debt to Asset Ratio.5.4.3Average
Collection Period253232Total Asset Turnover222Price/Book
Ratio19.7021.9816.44PE Ratio211.63125.9977.53
Common Size Income Statement
AppleIncome Statement2017 %2018 %2019
%Sales100100100Cost of Goods Sold626262Gross
Profit383838Selling and Admin. Exp.767Depreciation
Exp.000Operating Income272724Interest Exp. 111Earnings
Before Tax282726Income Taxes754Net
Income212222Dividends Paid 000
Common Size Income Statement Cont.
AppleBalance Sheet2017 %2018 %2019 %Cash624961Accounts
Receivable 131714Inventory232Plant and Equip.516758Less

16. Accumulated Depreciation. Gross293636Plant and Equip.
Net233123Land000Accounts Payable314128Notes
Payable000Accrued Expenses2200Bonds Payable000Common
Stock303027Retained Earnings 835228
Competitor: Dell
Industry - Information Tech, Computing
Founder/CEO - Michael S. Dell in 1984
Headquarters - Round Rock, Texas
Market - USA, North America, Global
Employees - 157,000+
Revenue - $90M
Net Income - $-2.31M
Dell Financial Overview 201720182019Total
Revenue$61,642,000$78,660,000$90,621,000Gross
Profit$12,959,000$20,054,000$25,053,000Operating
Expenses$16,211,000$23,387,000$25,244,000Operating
Income/Loss$-3,252,000$-3,333,000$-191,000Net Income $-
1,672,000$-3,728,000$-2,310,000
Dell’s Revenue and Gross profit are increasing throughout the
past 3 years,
Their operating expenses are increasing causing them lose
money.
Their Operating Income Loss is decreasing, but still too high.
Net Income is becoming increasingly worse over the last 3
years.
Dell RatiosRatios2017 2018 2019Gross
Profit21%25%28%Return on Asset-6%-11%-7%Return on
Equity-11%-35.5%44%Times Interest Earned91010Inventory

17. Turnover242925Operating Profit Margin26%30%28%Net Profit
Margin-3%-5%-3%Debt to Asset Ratio.5.5.6Avg. Collection
Pd.565250Total Asset Turnover223PE Ratio008.36Price/Book
Ratio3.173.97-10.70
Common Size Income Statement
DellIncome Statement2017 %2018 %2019
%Sales100100100Cost of Goods Sold797572Gross
Profit212528Selling and Admin. Exp.222423Depreciation
Exp.000Operating Income263028Interest Exp. 333Earnings
Before Tax-9-7-3Income Taxes-3-20Net Income-3-5-3Dividends
Paid 000
Common Size Income Statement
DellBalance Sheet2017 %2018 %2019 %Cash394631Accounts
Receivable 323240Inventory9812Plant and Equip.453844Less
Accumulated Depreciation. Gross262227Plant and Equip.
Net191517Land000Accounts Payable505262Notes
Payable000Accrued Expenses111Bonds Payable000Common
Stock705652Retained Earnings -19-26-69
Apple Capital Structure
2014-2018: Total Debt has grown 73B
2015-2019: Dividends/Share Repurchases increased 34B
2016-2019: Debt to Equity Ratio has risen from 50% to 112%
2016-2019: Total Liabilities increased 63%
Low interest rates combined with debt is funding a growing
capital return program
Apple is worth $1.12T
Apple SWOTBrand Recognition - valuable
Advance Technology

18. Sustainability
Proficient
Quality products and services
Expanding Services
International Presence
InnovativeExpensive
Fluctuating Sales
Incompatibility with competitor software
Limited Marketing Campaigns
Expanding into non-competency areas - streaming networks
Customer Growth
Expanding teams of qualified professionals
Network Expansion
Recycled or Environmentally friendly technology
Artificial Intelligence and Smart Technology Advancement
Coronavirus Pandemic
Knockoff Products
Competition
Tariffs overseas
Pending Litigations
Market Saturation
Economic Fluctuations
Regulations
Strengths
Weaknesses
Threats
Opportunities
Dell SWOTLargest PC creator in the world
Brand Recognition - market presence
Loyal Customer Following - direct relationship
Low Operating Costs
Excellent Customer Service
Technologically Advanced
Customizable Technology

19. Wide variety of products and services Privately Owned
Research and Development
Lacking Relationships with Educational Institutions
High Operating Expenses
Lack of Individuality
Growth in Big Data
Entering Other Markets - cloud computing and Artificial
Intelligence
Pacific Markets
Diversity
Online Retail Presence Competition
Fading PC Market
Regulations
Customer Prices
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Conclusion
Apple is more financially stable than Dell.
Despite having extremely high debt, Apple is able to maintain a
positive cash flow.
Apple has a more broad-spectrum of products and has the
advantage of being utilized in multiple markets throughout the
US and China.
Apple’s brand recognition is more universal than Dell due to
their wide variety, store accessibility, online presence, and
customer service.
Dell has major room for improvement in their brand approach,
product selection, and target market.
Dell may be a name brand; however, their financials fall
extremely short in comparison to Apple.
Apple has a positive Net Income; whereas, Dell has a negative

20. Net Income.
Apple seems to be struggling in certain areas but would be a
good investment. They are a forward-thinking company that
value’s their employees and allows their employees to be a part
of their growth and innovation process.
Dell does not appear to be credit worthy. The CEO makes all
product decisions and employee’s opinions do not matter in the
growth of future product development.
References
Bhasin, H. (2019, January 29). SWOT analysis of DELL - DELL
SWOT analysis & Internal analysis. Retrieved April 15, 2020,
from https://www.marketing91.com/swot-analysis-of-dell/
Business Strategy Hub. (2020, March 10). Apple SWOT 2020:
SWOT Analysis of Apple. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://bstrategyhub.com/swot-analysis-of-apple-apple-swot-
2018/
Carmichael, C. (2020, January 29). Understanding Apple's
Capital Structure. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/081716/underst
anding-apples-capital-structure-aapl.asp
CNN Business . (2020, April 17). AAPL. Retrieved April 18,
2020, from
https://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=AAPL
DeBos, C. (2019, April 25). Tim Cook Calls For Government
Regulations On Tech: The Burn. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://www.theburnin.com/technology/apple-ceo-tim-cook-
calls-for-government-regulations-on-technology/
Ehrenkranz, M. (2018, March 8). Apple Details Alarming Labor
Issues In Latest Supply Chain Report. Retrieved April 1, 2020,
from https://gizmodo.com/apple-details-alarming-labor-issues-
in-latest-supply-ch-1823611397
Gurman, M., & Bloomberg. (2019, September 9). Apple Admits
Breaking Chinese Labor Laws in the World's Largest iPhone
Factory. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from

21. https://fortune.com/2019/09/09/apple-admits-breaking-china-
labor-laws-foxconn-iphone-factory/
References (Cont.)
Hellman, J. (2019, January 30). Value Line - The Most Trusted
Name in Investment Research. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Highlights/Dow_30_Earnings
__Apple_Inc___First_Quarter_Fiscal_2019.aspx#.Xpdj5chKjIV
Jurevicius, O. (2017, January 24). Full Analysis of Apple Inc.
Competitors. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from
https://appleknowledge.xyz/apple-competitors.html
Levy, S. (2020, February 7). Apple Inc. Retrieved April 1,
2020, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apple-Inc
Linton, I. (2019, February 11). What Is Apple's Competitive
Advantage in Its Industry? Retrieved April 1, 2020, from
https://bizfluent.com/info-8734236-apples-competitive-
advantage-industry.html
Macrotrends. (n.d.). Apple: Number of Employees 2006-2019:
AAPL. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from
https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/AAPL/apple/number-
of-employees
Macrotrends. (n.d.). Dell: Number of Employees 2015-2020:
DELL. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from
https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/DELL/dell/number-
of-employees
Macrotrends. (2020). Dell Shares Outstanding 2015-2020:
DELL. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/DELL/dell/shares-
outstanding
Macrotrends. (2020). Amazon Shares Outstanding 2006-2019:
AMZN. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/AMZN/amazon/share
s-outstanding

22. References (Cont.)
Meyer, P. (2019, February 15). Apple Inc.s Organizational
Culture & Its Characteristics (An Analysis). Retrieved April 15,
2020, from http://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-
culture-features-implications
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2019, January 7). Dell
Inc. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dell-Inc
Tony Romm, D. P. (2019, January 2). Adding to fears of
economic slowdown, Apple warns sales will fall short and cites
'deterioration' in China. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/adding-to-
fears-of-economic-slowdown-apple-warns-sales-will-fall-short-
and-cites-deterioration-in-china/2019/01/02/75e7653c-0eda-
11e9-831f-3aa2c2be4cbd_story.html
Yahoo Finance. (2020, April 15). Apple Inc. (AAPL) Income
Statement. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AAPL/financials?ltr=1
Yahoo Finance . (2020, April 15). Dell Technologies Inc.
(DELL) Income Statement. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/DELL/financials?ltr=1
Week 3 Final Research Paper Outline Worksheet
REMINDER: Please be sure you have critically read the
instructions for BOTH the Week 3 Final Paper Outline
Assignment, and the Week 5 Final Research Paper.
Final Paper Outline
1. Introduction
Your introduction should start with a hook to draw your reader
in, establish your topic, and create interest. It should
then provide very brief background on your topic before
including your thesis statement and an overview of the main
points of your paper. It should be a minimum of one complete

23. paragraph of at least five sentences in length.
2. Thesis Statement
Your thesis statement, should come at the end of your
introduction to fully address your topic and the four main points
of your position. Your thesis statement should be one sentence
in length. It should be a statement, not a question. It should
clearly and concisely establish your topic, explain why your
topic is important, and address how it connects to the four main
points of the Final Research Paper. The Ashford Writing Center
has several resources that can help you develop your thesis
statement.
3. Heading for Main Point 1-Describes the historical and
Constitutional basis of American Government’s structure and
how this relates to the policy.
Each heading should address a specific topic or component of
your paper. This area will be the body paragraphs of your
paper. This is where you will explain your ideas and support
your topic with the references you have found. This section of
the outline can be quite long and does not have to be condensed
into only four headings. Within your outline, you must cite
(within the text) at least six references; four of which must be
scholarly peer-reviewed sources obtained through the AU
Library databases. While this is an outline, all sentences must
be complete thoughts and support your topic.
a. Subheading 1- This should be the first main point to support
your argument or assertion here.
This is where you will outline this point, and include the APA
in-text citation when you are incorporating your research
information.
b. Subheading 2- This should be the second main point to
support your argument or assertion here.
This is where you will outline this point, and include the APA

24. in-text citation when you are incorporating your research
information.
4. Heading for Main Point 2 – Explains how the policy is
involved within the process of checks and balances.
a. Subheading 1- This should be the first main point to support
your argument or assertion here.
This is where you will outline this point, and include the APA
in-text citation when you are incorporating your research
information.
b. Subheading 2- This should be the second main point to
support your argument or assertion here.
This is where you will outline this point, and include the APA
in-text citation when you are incorporating your research
information.
5. Heading for Main Point 3 – Describes how the policy relates
to public policy and elections and how the policy is portrayed
by the media.
a. Subheading 1- This should be the first main point to support
your argument or assertion here.
This is where you will outline this point, and include the APA
in-text citation when you are incorporating your research
information.
b. Subheading 2- This should be the second main point to
support your argument or assertion here.
This is where you will outline this point, and include the APA
in-text citation when you are incorporating your research
information.
6. Heading for Main Point 4 – Explains how the policy impacts
voting and the election process.

25. a. Subheading 1- This should be the first main point to support
your argument or assertion here.
This is where you will outline this point, and include the APA
in-text citation when you are incorporating your research
information.
b. Subheading 2- This should be the second main point to
support your argument or assertion here.
This is where you will outline this point, and include the APA
in-text citation when you are incorporating your research
information.
7. Conclusion
Your conclusion should summarize the key points, restate your
thesis (but not verbatim), and establish a conclusion regarding
your topic. It should be a minimum of one complete paragraph
of at least five sentences in length.
8. Reference List
Full APA citations for all six sources referenced in your
outline, should be included in this section. Please be sure to
use proper APA formatting and hanging indents. You may click
here to see specific examples of APA formatted references,
provided by the Ashford Writing Center.