SH Hussein Risk Factors of Diarrhea Disease among Under Five in Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital, Khartoum state-Sudan 2017 IH Giha, MI Shaddad, A Yusuf, et al. Nutritional Status and its Related Factors in Khalwa Residents, Khartoum state,Sudan. BioRxiv. 2019 610972. Thomas, E. Sensing WASH—In Situ and Remote Sensing Technologies. Innovations in WASH Impact Measures.2018 59. Gebremariam, B, & Tsehaye, K. Effect of community led total sanitation and hygiene (CLTSH) implementation program on latrine utilization among adult villagers of North Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC research notes. 2012;12(1), 478. Hailu, T, Mulu, W, Abera, Prevalence and determinant factors of hookworm infection among school age children in Jawe district, NorthWest Ethiopia. African Health Sciences. 2019;19(3), 2439-2445. Watson, J., Dreibelbis, R., Aunger et al. Child's play: Harnessing play and curiosity motives to improve child handwashing in a humanitarian setting. International journal of hygiene and environmental health.2019; 222(2), 177-182. Kier, PPD, Dai, Y C. Mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on preventing diarrhoea in Juba, South Sudan. South Sudan Medical Journal. 2018; 11(3), 60-64. IA Eljack, Environmental conditions in displaced communities of Khartoum State, Sudan African Journal of Environmental Science and …, 2016 - ajol.info ME Lado – An assessment of hand washing as a toll for controlling infections and diseases in primary schools in Juba, South Sudan. 2016 - nuir.nkumbauniversity.ac.ug D Peprah, JJ Palmer, GJ Rubin et al. Perceptions of oral cholera vaccine and reasons for full, partial and non-acceptance during a humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. - Vaccine, 2016 – Elsevier M Turnbull - Humanitarian Quality Assurance: South Sudan Evaluation of the response at UN House IDP camp …, 2015 - alnap.org S Tamiru, K Mamo, P Acidria et al. Towards a sustainable solution for school menstrual hygiene management: cases of Ethiopia, Uganda, South-Sudan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, 2015 - developmentbookshelf.com A Lerebours, J Lapegue – WASH governance in support of humanitarian programs in South Sudan: a case study from Northern Bahr el Ghazal. 2016 - dspace.lboro.ac.uk C Sun - Prevalence and associated risk factors of Intestinal Helminths infections among pre- school children (1 to 5 years old) in IDPs settlements of Khartoum state, Sudan The Journal of Global Health, 2015 - ghjournal.org Instructions: 1)  Select one problem from the list provided below that you would like to research and investigate. 2) You are required to use no less than seven (7) sources.  The sources/references used must come from scholarly articles, newspapers, periodicals, etc.  No internet websites can be used as sources for your research paper.  However, you can use the internet for researching articles in databases, govt. resources, journals, newspapers, etc. 3)  You are required to answer all of the questions found in the template below using APA format ...

1. SH Hussein Risk Factors of Diarrhea Disease among Under
Five in Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital, Khartoum state-Sudan
2017
IH Giha, MI Shaddad, A Yusuf, et al. Nutritional Status and its
Related Factors in Khalwa Residents, Khartoum state,Sudan.
BioRxiv. 2019 610972.
Thomas, E. Sensing WASH—In Situ and Remote Sensing
Technologies. Innovations in WASH Impact Measures.2018 59.
Gebremariam, B, & Tsehaye, K. Effect of community led total
sanitation and hygiene (CLTSH) implementation program on
latrine utilization among adult villagers of North Ethiopia: a
cross-sectional study. BMC research notes. 2012;12(1), 478.
Hailu, T, Mulu, W, Abera, Prevalence and determinant factors
of hookworm infection among school age children in Jawe
district, NorthWest Ethiopia. African Health Sciences.
2019;19(3), 2439-2445.
Watson, J., Dreibelbis, R., Aunger et al. Child's play:
Harnessing play and curiosity motives to improve child
handwashing in a humanitarian setting. International journal of
hygiene and environmental health.2019; 222(2), 177-182.
Kier, PPD, Dai, Y C. Mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and
practices on preventing diarrhoea in Juba, South Sudan. South
Sudan Medical Journal. 2018; 11(3), 60-64.
IA Eljack, Environmental conditions in displaced communities
of Khartoum State, Sudan
African Journal of Environmental Science and …, 2016 -
ajol.info
ME Lado – An assessment of hand washing as a toll for
controlling infections and diseases in primary schools in Juba,
South Sudan. 2016 - nuir.nkumbauniversity.ac.ug
D Peprah, JJ Palmer, GJ Rubin et al. Perceptions of oral cholera
vaccine and reasons for full, partial and non-acceptance during
a humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. - Vaccine, 2016 –
Elsevier

2. M Turnbull - Humanitarian Quality Assurance: South Sudan
Evaluation of the response at UN House IDP camp …, 2015 -
alnap.org
S Tamiru, K Mamo, P Acidria et al. Towards a sustainable
solution for school menstrual hygiene management: cases of
Ethiopia, Uganda, South-Sudan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, 2015
- developmentbookshelf.com
A Lerebours, J Lapegue – WASH governance in support of
humanitarian programs in South Sudan: a case study from
Northern Bahr el Ghazal. 2016 - dspace.lboro.ac.uk
C Sun - Prevalence and associated risk factors of Intestinal
Helminths infections among pre- school children (1 to 5 years
old) in IDPs settlements of Khartoum state, Sudan
The Journal of Global Health, 2015 - ghjournal.org
Instructions:
1) Select one problem from the list provided below that you
would like to research and investigate.
2) You are required to use no less than seven (7) sources. The
sources/references used must come from scholarly articles,
newspapers, periodicals, etc. No internet websites can be used
as sources for your research paper. However, you can use the
internet for researching articles in databases, govt. resources,
journals, newspapers, etc.

3. 3) You are required to answer all of the questions found in the
template below using APA format. Citing sources/references
throughout the literature is required as well.
4) You must type the questions and answers using a word
document, single space, 12 as your font size, and times new
roman as your font face.
5) Submit your analysis through the link found at the bottom of
this page.
6) Failure to follow these instructions will result in an assessed
penalty to your grade.
List of Problems to Solve
1) Political Corruption in Texas (be specific)
Template for Problem Solving
1) State your problem as clearly and precisely as you can.
Explain your analysis/answer in seven (7) or more sentences.
2) What is your purpose, goal, and need for solving this
problem? (Recognize problems as obstacles to reaching your
goals, achieving your purpose, or satisfying your need.) Explain
your analysis/answer in seven (7) or more sentences.
3) Study the problem to determine the “kind” of problem you
are dealing with. What kind of problem are you trying to solve?
What do you have to do to solve it? Explain your
analysis/answer in seven (7) or more sentences.
4) What from your problem do you have control over and what
do you have no control over? Explain your analysis/answer in
seven (7) or more sentences.
5) What information do you need to solve the problem?
Explain. How can you actively seek the information you need
to solve the problem? Explain your analysis/answer in seven
(7) or more sentences.
6) What theory or theories can you formulate concerning this
problem? Carefully analyze and interpret your theories and draw
reasonable inferences. Explain your analysis/answer in seven
(7) or more sentences.

4. 7) Determine your options for action. What can you do in the
short term? In the long term? Recognize your limitations in
terms of money, time, and power. Explain your analysis/answer
in seven (7) or more sentences.
8) Evaluate your options, determining their advantages and
disadvantages. Explain your analysis/answer in seven (7) or
more sentences.
9) Adopt a strategy. Follow through on it. This may involve
direct action or a carefully thought-through wait-and-see
approach. Explain your analysis/answer in seven (7) or more
sentences.
10) Evaluate and assess the implications of your
action/strategy. Explain your analysis/answer in seven (7) or
more sentences.
2
HLTH 624Research Paper: Final Submission Instructions
Propose a WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) program to
address a significant health problem in a community from Sudan
This paper must be based upon your topic, outline, and
references.
You must write a 10–12-page, research-based paper in current
AMA format that focuses on an approved topic.
The reference and title page are not included in the page count.
The paper must include at least 10 scholarly references in
addition to the course textbooks and the Bible.
Make sure to include the following:
· Address the major water, sanitation, and hygiene concerns of
community of the selected country/region.
· In your WASH program, also address one of the
water/sanitation topics from the approved topic list.

5. · Describe the importance of the WASH program.
· Discuss the current health situation and health problems that
the WASH program may prevent or control.
· Your proposed program must include an analysis of the
cultural, social, behavioral, biological, and environmental
factors that contribute to the water/sanitation problem. Include
the role of the national and international collaborators and
funders.
· The proposal strategy must be evidence-based. Draw on
experience from similar programs or interventions. This section
must be based on at least 2 peer-reviewed references.
· Discuss program challenges and limitations, focusing on at
least 3.
· Follow your outline from Module/Week 3 in the writing of
your paper.
· Use approved font style, size, and double-spacing
· The paper and all citations must be in current AMA format.
· References must be no more than 5 years old.
Consult this resource to help you attain key information about
health statistics or other W.H.O. resources:
http://www.who.int/about/contactregional/en/
Running head: HAND WASHING IN SUDAN RESEARCH
PAPER OUTLINE 1
HAND WASHING IN SUDAN RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE
4

6. Hand Washing in Sudan Research Paper Outline
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HLTH 624
University
Introduction
Developing countries with Sudan being the country of focus
face serious health challenges that can be easily avoided
through high personal hygiene maintenance. However, this in
most cases is not the case due to high levels of poverty that
people in these regions suffer from to the point that they cannot
afford basic commodities like adequate and clean water as well
as soap to maintain necessary hygiene. As a result, they end up
suffering from contamination-related diseases leading to
physical health deterioration as well as high rate of death. This
is especially among children who engage in massive dirty games
and end up touching food and water contaminating it instantly.
Statement
Different health supporting international agencies like the
UNICEF have tried to mitigate contaminated diseases in the
best way possible. For instance, the UNICEF Sudan has strived
to make clean water for drinking and washing hands is available
in schools and also to local communities. The agency have also
tried to make soap accessible to children in school to make sure
that after visiting toilets, they clean their hands with soap and
water. A lot of enlightenment has also been made on children in
Sudan on importance of cleaning their hands with soap and
water before meals and also after visiting the toilet even at
home and also encouraged sharing the information with their
friends and relatives. However, due to economic challenges,
parents and children in Sudan have not managed to embrace the
idea of hand washing with soap proving that even the
government needs to intervene. Washing hands with clean water

7. and soap can go a long way in saving a lot of Sudan people’s
lives but a lot need to be done something that still makes the
situation desperate.
Body
a. Importance of hand washing with soap
As many would say, whatever is consumed through the mouth
determines the health status of a person. In Sudan
approximately 50% of people are poor and they cannot afford
basic commodities and this makes them vulnerable to feed on
contaminated water and food for basic survival. Others are
illiterate and do not understand the importance of washing
hands with soap and how it can help to kill germs before
touching food and water. Under this main point, it is important
to;
· Train the people about personal hygiene focusing on washing
hands with water and soap
· Engaging many Sudan people to understand their plight in
regards to hand washing
· Learning from already exposed bodies like UNICEF Sudan
what can be done to make hand washing with soap a trend and
eventually a habit in the lives of Sudanese people
b. Available programs and options of upgrading personal and
community hygiene
· The UNICEF Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) program
· Effective waste disposal
· Disease outbreak awareness and prevention measures
c. Challenges and limitations
· Participants shying away from the program
· Inadequate finances to support the program
· Unreliable information
Conclusion
Hand washing with soap as a basic need that all people in Sudan
needs to understand and practice. However, this effective
strategy of fighting diseases and promoting health work, other
measures also need to be put in place. For instance, people need

8. to construct latrines in order to dispose human waste effective,
get vaccinated when there is a breakout, boil drinking water and
also avoid eating uncooked food.
References
https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/files/Unicef_Sudan_WAS
H_PROGRAMME_FINAL_(032016).pdf