GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE CAMBRIDGE IGCSE: FAMOUS ENVIRONMENTALISTS - TIMOTHY TREADWELL.

1. FAMOUS ENVIRONMENTALISTS
TIMOTHY TREADWELL
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE P5

2. TIMOTHY TREADWELL
- American bear enthusiast
- Environmentalist
- Documentary filmmaker
- Conservationist
- Founder of the bear-protection organization
Grizzly People.

3. GRIZZLY MAN
- He lived among grizzly bears of
Katmai National Park in Alaska
for 13 summers.
- At the end of his 13th summer
in the park, in 2003, he and his
girlfriend Amie Huguenard
were killed by a 28-year-old
brown bear.
- Treadwell's life, work, and
death were the subject of a
famous documentary film
Grizzly Man (2005).

4. EARLY INTEREST IN ANIMALS
- Treadwell was born on Long Island, New
York.
- He was very fond of animals and kept a
squirrel named Willie as a pet.
- Treadwell studied grizzly bears during
summer seasons for 13 years, before
being killed by one of them.
- According to his book, Among Grizzlies:
Living with Wild Bears in Alaska, his
mission to protect bears began in the late
1980s.
- A lover of animals since he was a child, he
travelled to Alaska to watch bears after a
close friend convinced him to do so.

5. EARLY LIFE
Treadwell spent the early part of each season camping on the "Big Green", an
open area of bear grass in Hallo Bay on the Katmai Coast.
He called the area "The Grizzly Sanctuary".
Treadwell was known for getting extremely close to the bears he observed,
sometimes touching them and playing with bear cubs.
He claimed that he was always careful with the bears and actually
developed a sense of mutual trust and respect with the animals.
In contrast, National Park Service Rangers said he was harassing wildlife.

6. HIS DEATH
In October 2003, Treadwell and his girlfriend, physician assistant Amie
Huguenard, visited Katmai National Park's Kodiak Island.
In Grizzly Man, Werner Herzog states that according to Treadwell's diaries,
Huguenard feared bears and felt deeply uncomfortable in their presence.
Her final journal entries indicated that she wanted to be away from Katmai.

7. DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES
Treadwell chose to set his campsite
near a salmon stream where
grizzlies commonly feed in autumn.
Treadwell was in the park later in
the year than usual, at a time when
bears struggle to gain as much fat
as possible before winter, and
limited food supplies cause them to
be more aggressive than in other
months.
Food was scarce that fall, causing
the grizzly bears to be even more
aggressive than usual.
Diagram of attack site - positions of bodies.

8. DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (II)
Treadwell was to leave the park at his
usual time of year but extended his stay
a week in an effort to locate a favourite
female brown bear. He said he hated
modern civilization and felt better in
nature with the bears than he did in big
cities around humans. He repeatedly said
he hated humans, too.
The bears he had been used to during
the summer had already gone into
hibernation, and bears that Treadwell
did not know from other parts of the
park were moving into the area.

9. DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (III)
Some of the last footage taken by Treadwell, hours before his death,
includes video of a bear diving into the river repeatedly for a piece of
dead salmon.
Treadwell mentioned in the footage that he did not feel entirely
comfortable around that particular bear.
In Grizzly Man, Herzog posits that Treadwell may have filmed the very bear
that killed him.

10. DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (IV)
Around noon on Sunday, October 5, 2003,
Treadwell spoke with an associate in Malibu,
California, by satellite phone; Treadwell mentioned
no problems with any bears.
The next day, October 6, Willy Fulton, the Kodiak
air taxi pilot, arrived at Treadwell and Huguenard's
campsite to pick them up but found the area
abandoned, except for a bear, and contacted the
local park rangers.
The couple's mangled remains were discovered
quickly upon investigation. Treadwell's disfigured
head, partial spine, and right forearm and hand,
with his wristwatch still on, were recovered a short
distance from the camp.

11. DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (V)
Huguenard's partial remains were found next to the
torn and collapsed tents, partially buried in a mound
of twigs and dirt. A large male grizzly (tagged Bear
141) protecting the campsite was killed by park
rangers during their attempt to retrieve the bodies.
A second adolescent bear was also killed a short
time later, when it charged the park rangers.
An on-site necropsy of Bear 141 revealed human
body parts such as fingers and limbs. The younger
bear was consumed by other animals before it could
be necropsied. In the 85-year history of Katmai
National Park, this was the first known incident of a
person being killed by a bear.

12. DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (VI)
A video camera was recovered at the site that proved to have been operating
during the attack, but police said that the six-minute tape was blank; only the
sound of their agonized cries as a brown bear mauled the couple to death
was recorded.
That the tape contained only sound led troopers to believe the attack might
have happened while the camera was stuffed in a duffel bag or during the
dark of night.

13. DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (VII)
In Grizzly Man, filmmaker Herzog claims that the
lens cap of the camera was left on, suggesting
that Treadwell and Huguenard were in the
process of setting up for another video
sequence when the attack happened.
The camera had been turned on just before the
attack, presumably by Huguenard, but the
camera recorded only six minutes of audio
before running out of tape. This, however, was
enough time to record the bear's initial attack on
Treadwell and his agonized screams, its retreat
when Huguenard attacked it, its return to carry
Treadwell off into the forest, and Huguenard's
screams of horror as she is left alone.

14. DISCOVERY AND ANIMAL PLANET SERIES
Grizzly Man (2005), directed by Werner Herzog, is a documentary about
Treadwell's work with wildlife in Alaska, was telecast on the Discovery
Channel. Treadwell's own footage is featured, along with interviews with
people who knew him.
Herzog praises Treadwell's video footage and photographs, he states his
belief that Treadwell was a disturbed individual with a death wish.
The Grizzly Man Diaries is an eight-episode mini-series that premiered on
August 22, 2008, on Animal Planet and is a spin-off of Grizzly Man.
The series chronicles the last 10 years of Treadwell's life with diary entries,
and footage and photographs taken by Treadwell during his expeditions.