URISA The Development of a Geospatial Society, ROI, and Why GIS Matters

URISA
The Development of a Geospatial Society,
ROI, and Why GIS Matters
Greg Babinski, MA, GISP
Finance & Marketing Manager
King County GIS Center
Seattle, Washington, USA
URISA Past-President
URISA GIS Management Institute Committee Chair
April 29, 2013
Mount Clemens, MI
2013 IMAGIN
GIS Conference

URISA
The Development of a Geospatial Society,
ROI, and Why GIS Matters
Seattle, Washington, USA
April 29, 2013
Mount Clemens Pleasant, MI
2013 IMAGIN
GIS Conference

Greetings from URISA
The Association for GIS Professionals
URISA Board of Directors:
President: Al Butler, GISP, AICP
Past President: Greg Babinski, MA, GISP
President Elect: Allen Ibaugh, AICP, GISP
Secretary: Danielle Ayan, GISP
Treasurer: Doug Adams, GISP
Thomas Conry
Tripp Corbin, MCP, CFM, GISP
Nancy Obermeyer, GISP
Claudia Paskauskas, GISP
Cindy Post
Chris Thomas
Teresa Townsend
URISA Staff and Committees:
Wendy Nelson, Executive Director
Keri Brennan, Education Manager
Katie Morehead, Office Manager
Verlanda McBride, Database Administrator
Pat Francis, Conference Manager
Ann Bishopp, Finance Manager

Greetings from URISA
The Association for GIS Professionals

King County,
Washington
Population (2010 USCB): 1,931,249 (14th most populous US county)
Area: 2130 square miles (sea level to 8,000‟)
39 incorporated cities
Viable agricultural and private forestry areas
Remote wilderness & watershed lands
 Microsoft
 Boeing
 Paccar
 Nordstrom's
 Amazon
 Starbucks
 Port of Seattle
 Weyerhaeuser
 Univ. of Washington
 Google
 Skype
 Gates Foundation

The Development of a Geospatial Society:
Key Themes
1. The past and URISA‟s engineering and planning
origins: 50 years of geospatial accomplishment
2. The present and URISA‟s relevance for a
geospatial society
3. URISA‟s role and a vision for the future
geospatial society

Disruption – is it good
or bad?

Good or bad?
 Cell disruption is a method or process in cell biology for
releasing biological molecules from inside a cell.
 "Disruption" in Schema (genetic algorithms)

Dr. Edgar M. Horwood
Professor of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning
University of Washington School of Engineering
URISA Founder
Past Foundations
Professor Horwood‟s simple but disruptive
question to the U.S. Census Bureau in 1962:
“Can you let me have the 1960 census data for
the U.S. on digital tape?‟

August 28, 1963
Dr. Martin Luther King delivers his ‘I have a dream’ speech
during the March on Washington

August 28, 1963
Dr. Edgar Horwood of the University of Washington
convened the first URISA Conference in Los Angeles

Edgar Horwood and the birth of URISA:
 Working with University of Washington Geography
Department – established a short course on data mapping
presented in 1962 and 1963
 1963 to 1966 Urban Planning Information Systems and
Programs Conferences for short course alumni
 1963 Conference considered first URISA Annual
Conference
 In 1966 the Urban and Regional Information Systems
Association (URISA) was formally established with Dr.
Horwood as first President.
Past Foundations

URISA and the development of geospatial technology:
 URISA short course 1963 graduate Howard Fischer
assumed the challenge to develop an improved card
mapping system
 Fischer developed SYMAP for automated chloropleth and
contour mapping
 In 1965 Fischer established the Harvard Computer
Graphics Laboratory where he released computer mapping
source code
 Jack Dangermond developed ArcInfo from the Harvard
R&D program, leading to the development of Esri
Past Foundations

All Innovation Originates from Laziness!

URISA and the development of geospatial society:
 Annual Conferences and Proceedings from 1963 to present
 URISA Journal – Continued peer-reviewed academic focus
 Exemplary Systems in GIS (ESIG) Awards
 Basic URISA formula:
How to use technology x plus spatial data y for
government business purpose z
Past Foundations

Domains Discussed in URISA Conference Proceedings:
Past Foundations
• access to data issues
• access to data policies
• access to information issues
• access to information policies
• applications of data systems
• applications of geographic information systems
(GIS)
• applications of information systems (IS)
• applications of land information systems (LIS)
• assessing GIS benefits
• assessing IS benefits
• assessing management information system (MIS)
benefits
• asset management systems
• attribute data
• automated cartography
• automated data processing
• automated mapping,
• automated vehicle tracking
• cartographic principles and practices
• centralization/decentralization issues
• census
• climate change monitoring system
• code enforcement information system
• community health information system
• complaints-based municipal standard of care
response system
• complaints-based inspector dispatch system
• computer-aided dispatch
• computer-aided mass appraisal
• computer-communications systems
• confidentiality and privacy issues and practices
• consultants and data conversion tasks
• consultants and IS/GIS/LIS design and
implementation
• contour mapping,
• coordinate systems
• COTS – OSS/FS – Saas
• criminal justice information system
• data access control plan
• data acquisition alternatives
• data conversion processes
• data dictionary
• data generation techniques
• data layers/overlays
• data maintenance
• data models
• data sharing issues/protocols
• data sources and data acquisition/transfer caveats and
protocols
• data standards
• decision support information system

Past Foundations
• development monitoring/tracking information
system
• devolution impact on municipal government
information services
• digital elevation model
• digital mapping
• digital terrain model
• dispatch Information system
• ”Doomsday Map”
• economic development information system
• electronic data processing
• emergency response information system
• enterprise geographic information system
• environmental impact assessment information
system
• environmental information system
• environmental technical information system
• evaluating information system performance
• exemplary systems/best practices
• expert and knowledge-based information system
• facility management system
• financial information system
• fiscal impact analysis
• fiscal information system
• geocoding
• geodatabase structures
• geographic base file
• geographically-referenced data storage and retrieval
system
• geographic concepts defining GIS
• geographic information system (GIS)
• geographic knowledge system
• geomatics
• georeferencing
• geospatial technology
• geostatistics
• GIS planning and implementation
• GIS trends
• global positioning systems
• globalization impact on community information
strategies
• Google (street view, etc.)
• hazard information systems
• health information system
• housing information system
• human resources management information system
• imaging systems
• impact assessment principles/practices/techniques
• indexes and other metrics for
evaluating/grading/measuring performance
• informatics
• information and knowledge bases for decision-making

Past Foundations
• Information interchange protocols
• information management systems
• information research services
• information science
• information society
• information system architecture
• information system functionality
• information system performance
• information systems and critical/essential
infrastructure
• information system trends
• informational activity criteria
• informing and listening to the public
• infrastructure management and maintenance
information system
• in-house/out-source principles and practices
• institutional and organizational factors
• institutional maxims and conditions
• integrating land records databases
• integrated municipal information system
• integrated system development
• interactive GIS
• interdependent infrastructures and information
systems
• intergovernmental information system
• internet GIS
• land information system
• land market information system
• land parcel information system
• land records information system
• land registration information system
• land/structure/occupancy database
• land use classification systems
• legacy systems
• legal issues
• LiDAR
• management information system,
• measuring information system return on investment
• mental health data system
• metadata
• methods and techniques of spatial analysis
• metropolitan information system
• mobile LiDAR
• motor vehicle accident records information system
• multi-jurisdictional geographic information system
• multimedia systems and applications in local government
• multipurpose cadastre
• multi-purpose land information system
• municipal information system
• national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI)
• natural resources information system
• needs analysis – data

Past Foundations
• needs analysis – information
• needs analysis – policy information/knowledge bases
• object-oriented database
• online mapping
• open systems and architecture
• pedestrian-sensitive intersection traffic safety system
• plan, program, budget information system
• planning and evaluation information system
• planning information system
• planning research information system
• police management information system
• policy objective, formation, and evaluation system
• policy research information system
• privatization impact on public sector information
services
• productivity measurement
• project performance information system
• property assessment information system
• property inspections information system
• property standards by-law enforcement system
• prosecution management information system
• public participation geographic information system
• public policy and IS/GIS/LIS inputs
• quality assurance for GIS
• quality control procedures and systems
• real estate information system
• regional management information system
• relational database-management system,
• remote sensing systems
• residential appraisal information system
• resource allocation models
• return on investment principles and practices
• routing systems (vehicles, utilities, etc.)
• school districting information system
• social indicators information system
• spatial analysis for business
• spatial analysis techniques,
• spatial data infrastructures
• spatial data transfer standard (SDTS)
• spatial data warehouse
• standard of care information obligations
• street addressing
• topology
• traffic management information system,
• transit planning information system
• transportation information system
• water and wastewater information system
• urban data models
• urban development information system
• urban information system
• zoning information system

Reflections on Survey and GIS
Survey Profession is property focused
 Determines authoritative location
 Focus on the exclusive use of tools and methodology
 Develop maps that become legal documents
 Has a code of ethics
 Delivers value to society
 Its work is focused on „property‟
 What is its „Moral Imperative‟?
What is the focus of the GIS Profession?
 Ummm…?
 Stuff surveyors don‟t want to do?
 Using GIS tools?

A personal reflection: Dr. William Bunge
Author:
Theoretical Geography
The Fitzgerald Project
The Nuclear War Atlas

Dr. William Bunge at Wayne State University

32
Dr. William Bunge at Wayne State University

 URISA‟s 50th Annual Conference – GIS-Pro 2012
 URISA Journal – Academic Indexing
 The GIS Professional – Practitioner based articles and
news
 Specialty Conferences: Addressing, Assessing, Transit,
Public Health – plus Caribbean Conference
 Weeklong URISA GIS Leadership Academy
Present Contributions

Daylong URISA Workshops:
 3D Geospatial: Project Implementation Methods and Best Practices
 Addresses and IS/GIS Implementation: Key to GIS Success
 An Overview of Open Source GIS Software
 Asset Management: Planning, Strategy, and Implementation
 Business Intelligence and Data Integration for the GIS Professional -NEW
 Building Quality Spatial Data
 Cartography and Map Design
 eGovernment-Planning, Policy and the Portal
 Field Automation Options for Local Government
 GIS Enterprise Architecture & System Integration
 GIS Program Management
 GIS Strategic Planning
 Introduction to Agile: Project Management and Development
 An Introduction to Public Participation GIS: Using GIS to Support Community
Decision Making
 LIDAR Concepts, Principles and Application
 Public Data, Public Access, Privacy, and Security: U.S. Law and Policy
 Transportation Spatial Database Design
 Quality Management: Introduction to Issue Tracking

URISA and the
development of
geospatial society:
 URISA „Foundations‟
 Available for download
at www.urisa.org

 29 regional chapters
 International affiliation: SSSI in Australia and New Zealand
 Founded the GIS Certification Institute (GISP Program)
 Initiated the Coalition of Geospatial Organizations (COGO)
 Instrumental in development of the US DOL „Geospatial
Technology Competency Model‟ (GTCM)
 Developed the URISA - USDOL „Geospatial Management
Competency Model‟ (GMCM)
 Developed the URISA GIS Capability Maturity Model
(GISCMM)

URISA‟s GISCorps
 Volunteer based support to emergency relief,
humanitarian, health, and environmental projects around
the world
 1,600 volunteers
 100+ Projects
 2012 Presidential Award

Washington Chapter of URISA (www.waurisa.org)
 2013 Washington GIS Conference – 6-8 May 2013 (300
attendees expected)
 The Summit – Washington State GIS Newsletter
 Summit Award – Annual Award for GIS contribution
 Dick Thomas Student Paper Competition
 Educational Workshops

A Personal Reflection on URISA‟s Influence:
 East Bay Municipal Utility District – GIS Supervisor:
 GIS planning & Implementation
 Water & Wastewater Information Systems
 King County GIS Center:
 Centralization vs. Decentralization Issues
 Data standards and data sharing protocols
 Health information systems
 Return on Investment

A New Approach to Performance Management
King County AIMS High and Social Equity
40

GIS ROI Estimates & Benefit-Cost Analysis

 Common tool for analyzing & configuring development
plans
 Typically result in an estimate or forecast of business
benefits
ROI Estimates & Benefit-Cost Analysis

King County GIS – 1992 GIS ROI Estimate

King County GIS - Development History:
 Originated with 1992 PlanGraphics study
 1992 Benefit Cost Analysis
 PlanGraphics identified 126 business applications
and a $22 million capital cost estimate
 1992-1994 King County – Seattle Metro merger
 1993 joint King County – Metro GIS scoping plan
– reduced $6.8 million scope approved by King
County Council
 1993-1997 GIS capital project executed
 1997 KCGIS O&M begins
 2002 KCGIS Consolidation implemented

2012 KCGIS Development:
 500+/- desktop GIS users
 100,000 annual internal web based GIS user sessions
 2.2 million annual external web based GIS user sessions
 50 GIS professionals
 GIS use expanded from 12 to 35 county departments and
offices
 But where are we really on the optimal development of
GIS in King County?
 What was (is) our ROI?

GIS ROI Documentation Studies?
 Why are they not required?
 Why are they not performed?

GIS ROI Documentation Studies?
Baltimore County, MD

Why GIS ROI Documentation Studies?
State of Oregon

GIS ROI Documentation
Study Breakthrough
New Zealand

GIS ROI Documentation Study
New Zealand

Oregon/KCGIS GIS ROI Study Project
 Conceived during 2009 URISA AC in Anaheim
 Approach finalized during 2009 ULA in Seattle
 State of Oregon & King County joint funding
 KCGIS 2010 Priority Initiative
 Managed by KCGIS Center

KCGIS GIS ROI Study
 May 2010 RFP sent to targeted consultants
 June 2010 consultant selection
 August 2010 contract signed
 July 2010 work began
 September & October 2011 Preliminary Results Released
 March 2012 Final Report Published

KCGIS GIS ROI Study
Consultant Team from UW Evans School of Public Affairs:
 Prof. Richard W. Zerbe
 Danielle Fumia & Travis Reynolds
 Pradeep Singh & Tyler Scott

KCGIS GIS ROI Study
Consultant Team from UW Evans School of Public Affairs:
 Benefit-Cost Analysis Center

KCGIS GIS ROI Study
Scope of Work:
 Literature Review
 Qualitative Interviews (n = 30)
 Quantitative Survey (n = 200)
 Final ROI Report
 Revised Interview/Survey Instruments for future studies

With or without survey methodology:
 How has GIS altered agency output levels?
 Benefits associated with FTE reductions to produce the same (pre-GIS)
level of output
 Benefits associated with enhanced production with the same FTE levels
 Three stage analysis:
 Interview agency heads and key employees to assess the types of
applications and business uses. Interviews were used to build an
employee survey.
 Employees and managers across King County responded to the survey to
record their pre and current (or with vs. without) GIS productivity by
output types.
 Interview and survey results were compiled by output type, agency, and
productivity levels. Results were then monetized.
 Monetized benefits compared to detailed GIS capital O&M,
and end-user costs
KCGIS GIS ROI Study: Methodology

“The most conservative estimate presented
finds that the use of GIS has produced
approximately $775 million in net benefits
over the eighteen year period from 1992 to
2010….
Thus a reasonable estimate of total gains is
between $180 million and $87 million in
2010.”
KCGIS GIS ROI Study Results

Theoretical basis for cost and benefit calculations

Future Steps:
 Article in ICMA ESRI Press Book of GIS for Elected Officials
 Likely articles by Dr. Zerbe & colleagues in GFR, URISA Journal
 Analyze detailed department results
 Analyze detailed benefits by output type
 Analyze detailed benefits by productivity type
 Tell our bosses - great interest within KC government
 Compare with Twin Cities/Metro GIS Parcel Data ROI study
 Compliment & Inform Multnomah County ROI study
 URISA ROI Workshop development
 Refine methodology
 Encourage/support more studies
KCGIS GIS ROI Study

Questions & Answers:
 At what stage is KCGIS in the total potential business use of GIS?
 Are the KCGIS results „good‟?
 How do we know?
 Do we need similar studies of other large counties?
 What about a single „latitudinal‟ study of 15-20 mid-sized cities in
Washington & Oregon & British Columbia?
 Are government agency officials not now compelled to pursue full
GIS development?
KCGIS GIS ROI Study

Acknowledgement:
 State of Oregon GIS and Cy Smith, Oregon GIO
 KCGIS Technical Committee
 Richard O. Zerbe & UW GIS ROI Study Team
 KCGIS Center Interview team:
 George Horning, Manager
 Greg Stought, Enterprise Services Manager
 Dennis Higgins, GISP, Client Services Manager
 Debbie Bull, GIS DBA
 Greg Babinski, GISP, Finance & Marketing Manager
Questions, Comments & Discussion
Learn More:
• ArcNews: Summer 2012:
http://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/summer12articles/king-county-documents-
roi-of-gis.html
• Access full report on King County web site: www.kingcounty.gov/gis

Using GIS to „Incentivize‟ People to Change

King County,
Washington
Population (2010 USCB): 1,931,249 (14th most populous US county)
Area: 2130 square miles (sea level to 8,000‟)
39 incorporated cities
Viable agricultural and private forestry areas
Remote wilderness & watershed lands
Dr. Costis Toregas at United Nations Conference on GIS - presentation titled
“Geography as a Municipal Asset”
“Geography has always been a major integrative element in municipal
administration. Many points of municipal policy concern are debatable,
but geography can be said to be constant and decisive. The location of a
tree or a city block cannot change, nor be the topic of a debate. For this
reason, the spread of Geographic Information Systems (or GIS) has been
rapid and dramatic in state and local government institutions. “
 Microsoft
 Boeing
 Paccar
 Nordstrom's
 Amazon
 Starbucks
 Port of Seattle
 Weyerhaeuser
 Univ. of Washington
 Google
 Skype?

URISA and the future of geospatial society:
 URISA Proceedings & URISA Journal online and searchable
(project in progress – but additional financial support
needed)
 URISA Listserv – closed communications amongst URISA
members – a virtual GIS „silicon valley‟
 URISA Connect webinars – allowing delivery of education
worldwide
Future Vision

The URISA GIS Management Institute:
 URISA GIS Management Body of Knowledge
 URISA GIS Capability Maturity Model
 URISA Geospatial Management Competency Model
 URISA Accreditation of Enterprise GIS Program
 URISA Accreditation of Educational Programs
 URISA GIS ROI Methodology
Future Vision

URISA‟s GIS Management Institute
Originated with basic questions:
 Is there a GIS profession?
2009 URISA adopted the GIS Capability Maturity
Model
2010 -URISA Commits to Develop Tier 9: The
Geospatial Management Competency Model
URISA GMCM Core Team:
 David DiBiase
 Patrick Kennelly
 Greg Babinski
 Coordination with USDOLETA
 URISA‟s GMCM delivered to DOLETA
June 8, 2012
http://www.urisa.org/gmcm_review

Originated with basic questions:
 Is there a GIS profession?
 What is the GIS Profession‟s Moral Imperative?
 Does GIS provide value to society?
Is There a GIS Profession?
ArcNews, Summer 2012: Strengthening the GIS Profession, by David
DiBiase
What is the Moral Imperative of the GIS Profession?
The GIS profession uses geographic theory, spatial analysis, and geospatial
technology to help society manage the Earth‟s finite space, with its natural
resources and communities, on a just and sustainable basis for the benefit of
humanity.
Does GIS Provide Value to Society?
ArcNews, Summer 2012: King County Documents ROI of GIS
(minimum $776 million net benefit over 18 years, $87 million in 2010)
http://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/index.html

 GIS operations are maturing – or they should be
 GIS operations manage large capital investments
 GIS operations require large operating budgets
 GIS is a proven technology for effective municipal administration
(standard of care)
 GIS operations deliver huge returns on investment
 Local agency leaders and managers must deploy GIS for cost-
effective government services (and to comply with the standard of
care)
 Geospatial technology is complex, continues to evolve, and
continues to provide new opportunities
 The management of municipal GIS operations is complex, evolving,
and requires a scientific, professional approach
What is the Business Need?

Is GIS management distinct from other types of municipal
management?
 The management of GIS requires knowledge skills and abilities that set it apart from and
above many other management domains, due to its complexity, importance for effective
services, and integrative role in local government enterprise operations.
 Proposals that GIS operations should be supervised by licensed engineers or surveyors are
not supported by the breadth of knowledge domains required for GIS management.
Knowledge
Domains
Management Areas
GIS Survey Engineering IT Project Mgt Geography
GIS Technology
X O O
Survey
O X O O
Engineering
O X O
General IT
X X O
PM
X O X
Geography
X X
Cartography
X O X
GIS Science
X O
Databases
X X
Programming
X X
Geospatial Law
X
Contracting
X O O X X
Governance

The Ah-ha Moment:
GIS operational process maturity (aka the GIS
Capability Maturity Model)
and…
GIS management capability (aka the Geospatial
Management Competency Model)
Can both best be defined against…
A body of geospatial management best practices and
standards, or the GIS Management Body of Knowledge

 Develop the URISA GIS Management Body of Knowledge
(GMBOK)
 Maintain the URISA Geospatial Management Competency
Model (GMCM)
 Maintain the URISA GIS Capability Maturity Model
(GCMM)
 Accredit the capability and maturity of county, city, and
regional GIS operations against the GCMM
 Accredit GIS Management educational programs for
alignment with the URISA GMBOK and GMCM
What will the URISA GIS Management Institute
do?

 Include an advisory council from other geospatial
management professional stakeholders
 Include international stakeholders
 Advance the future certification of GIS Managers by
developing a GIS Managers designation of the GISP in
partnership with GISCI
What will the GMI do with in cooperation with
others?

 URISA developed and launched GISCI
 URISA developed and manages GISCorps
 URISA has 50 years of study, experience & intellectual
capital related to GIS development and management
 URISA has a portfolio of publications and educational
offerings, including the ULA, that can be aligned to
support GIS management
 URISA has a history of 31 years of ESIG awards that
form an initial resource for recognizing GIS
management best practices
 URISA has designated the development of the GIS
Management Institute as a priority initiative
Why URISA?

Who will use the GMI, and why?
Babinski’s Theory of GIS Management:
As GIS Operational Maturity Improves, ROI Increases

 GIS Managers – to assess their competency against the GMCM and
GMBOK and plan their professional development
 Organizations with GIS Operations – to assess their capability and
process maturity against peer agencies and by becoming GMI
accredited against the GMBOK via the GCMM
 Geospatial professionals – to assess and align their own practices
against the GMBOK
 GIS management educational programs – to assess and refine their
curriculum by becoming GMI accredited against the GMBOK, GMCM
& GCMM
 GIS management consultants – to assess and refine their practices
against the GMBOK, GMCM & GCMM
 In the future, GIS managers will use GMI products and services to
prepare for achieving a GISP manager designation through GISCI
Who will use the GMI, and why?

How will the GMI Operate?
GMBOK:
GIS Management
Body of Knowledge
Municipal
GIS
Operations
GCMM
Accreditation
GCMM: GIS
Capability
Maturity
Model
URISA
Education
ULA & UMA
GIS
Management
Educational
Program
Accreditation
GISCI
GIS Managers
Certification
Component
GMCM:
Geospatial
Management
Competency
Model
Future:
ROI Services
Other
Accreditation
Benchmarking

The URISA International Initiative:
 Existing SSSI (Australia & New Zealand) affiliation
 Proposed semi-annual Canada GIS Conference
 New URISA-UAE Chapter
 Request to form URISA-Poland chapter
 Other possible URISA chapters (Turkey, Singapore)
 Other possible URISA affiliations (Asia, Latin America,
India, Africa, Others)
 Re-establish URISA affiliation with BURISA
Future Vision

Knowledge
Platform
Sensor Web
Knowledge-Oriented
Cyberinfrastructure
TIEOS – Intelligent Taiwan
Project
Future Vision

Future Vision
R
U
Now1950 2050
30%
70%

Future Vision

Reflections on Survey and GIS
Survey Profession is property focused
 Determines authoritative location
 Focus on the exclusive use of tools and methodology
 Develop maps that become legal documents
 Its work is focused on „property‟
 What is its „Moral Imperative‟?
What is the focus of the GIS Profession?
 Create maps from framework and business data as decision support tools
 It‟s focus is on stuff that moves around and maybe changes
 Time and distance
 Relative location
 Correlation of phenomena
 Relies on tools and methodology
 Has a moral imperative
 Puts its tools in the hands of people

URISA – The Association for GIS Professionals

Summit Founding Editor
201 South Jackson Street, Suite 706
Seattle, WA 98104
206-263-3753
greg.babinski@kingcounty.gov
www.kingcounty.gov/gis
URISA - The Association for GIS Professionals
www.urisa.org
The Summit
www.waurisa.org/thesummit

URISA The Development of a Geospatial Society, ROI, and Why GIS Matters

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