MY NOTES

1. ENGLISH IN INDIA
Part II
Official Language Commission
 1960 order:“Hindi would be the language ofUnion public service commission and high
court language”
 Non-Hindi Speaker’s Riot (DMK,Kamaraj)
 1965 anti-Hindi Riots
 Lal Bhagadur sastri said “English can be used as long as they want”
 English continued to be Official, Associate Language
 National Integration conference:
 “English Language may be used in addition to hindi in all official,.....”
 Shall
 C. N. Annadurai, then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, opposed the requirement to learn Hindi in
Tamil Nadu.
 According to the National Education Policy of 1968, Three Language Formula was proposed
by the Ministry of Education of the Government of India in consultation with the states:
1. Mother Tongue or regional
2. Hindi or any other Indian languages (in Hindi speaking areas)
3. English
 Kothari Comission = 10+2+3
 Dilemma that foreign language can’t be medium of instruction
 At the same time non-hindi people react
 English should be continued to be library language
 Regional language should be official language ofregion
ELT IN INDIA
 Grammar Translation vs Direct Method
 Structural method
 ELTI was established in Allahabad in 1954
 CIEFL in Hydrabad
 Regional Institute of English in Bangalore (south)
 Lang-Lit Controversy
 Departments were divided Cells for language and Prison for Literature
 ELT-wallahs
 American Lit
 Common Wealth
 Indian English Literature
 National Policy on Education , Curriculum development Center (1989)

2. UPDATED POINTS
 In 1835, English replaced Persian as the official language of the Company.
 Macaronic language is text that uses a mixture of languages
 Efforts of Rev. Swartz to establish schools for the teaching of English.
 the publication of the first book, ‘The Tutor’, to teach English to the non-Europeans by author
John Miller in 1797.
 Lord Auckland’s Minutes of1839 - Auckland contrived to find sufficient funds to support the
English Colleges set up by Bentinck's Act without continuing to run down the traditional Oriental
colleges. He wrote a Minute (of 24 November 1839) giving effect to this; both Oriental and
English colleges were to be adequately funded
 The Article 343, Clause 2 ofthe Constitution stated:
 “For a period of15 years from the commencement ofthe Constitution,the English language
shall continue to be used for all purposes of the Union for which it was being used before such
commencement.”
 “English in India: Issues and Problems”
 The 1961 census of India enumerated a total of 1652 claimed mother tongues belonging to four
language families: Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, and Sino-Tibetan
 India had a traditional approach of teaching languages like Sanskrit and Persian using ‘kavya’
(literature) and ‘vyakarana’ (grammar). This had many similarities with the grammar-translation
method advocated by Franz Ahn and H.G. Ollendorff.
 ‘Three language formula’ adopted by Chief Ministers of India insisted that the third compulsory
language should be English or any other European language’
 The Kunzru Committee, 1955 recommended that the teaching of English literature should be
related to the study of Indian literature
 Kachru mentioned two prominent spokesmen for English, Raja Rammohan Roy and Rajnath.
They demanded English education.
 Hari Navalkar who were persuading the officials of the East India Company to give instructions
in English rather than in Arabic.
 The issue was settled by Lord Auckland’s minute of 1839 in favour of English. conceded the
need to maintain existing facilities for oriental and vernacular instruction
 KOTHARI COMISSION
 The Education Commission headed by
 Dr.Kothari recommended “the regional language as the medium of instruction from class I to
class V, the study of two languages (regional language and English or Hindi) from Class V to VII
and 3 languages (regional language, English and Hindi) from Class VIII to X and any language of
the students’ choice at the higher levels for specialized study.”
 Official language
 India has more than 18 official
 languages such as Assamese,Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada,Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam,
Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.
 According to the Constitution, the official languages of the Union are Hindi and English Hindi in
the Devanagari script is the official language ofIndia.

3. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
GLOBALIZATION PHASE (English today)
 Regional Variety of English
 English is more of a street or office language than home language
 David Crystal’s English as a Global Language (1957)
 Some people use English as first language (L1)
 Some people use ENGLISH as Second Language (L2)
 Some people trying to learn and use English (China, Japan,Russia,etc.)
 Regional differences and dialects in Indian English
 Maliali English, Tamilian English, Pajabi English, Bengali English, Hindi English, to
“Standard Indian English”
 Sub-standard varieties: Butler English, Bearer English, Baboo English, Bazaar English,
Kitchen English,Cantonment(military) English
 Code-Mixing
 English as State language in Nagaland and Meghalaya.
 English is not included in 22 recognized Languages of India
 Is there anything called Indian English ???
 EFL, ESL, and TESOL
 Grateful for British for teaching English
 Abolishment ofEnglish Department
 Achebe
 Lordship Register :
 “your most humble servant” “I humbly request your honour” “your Lordship has written” “your
honour will be pleased to know”
 Bureaucratic REGISTER :
 I beg to inform the ladies and Gentleman, Publics are hereby informed , honoured and dear sir,
 Stabilization of English
 English Officials were addressed:
 “honoured and dear sir” “we humbly desire” “will you kindly send” “you are requested to
appear” “hoping you will live long”
Model letter:
“I am arrive by passenger train Ahmedpur station and my belly is too much swelling with jackfruit. I am
therefore went to privy. Just I doing the nuisance that guard making whistle blow for train to go off and I
am running with 'lotah' in one hand and 'dhoti' in the next when I am fall over and expose all my shocking
to man and female women on plateform. I am got leaved at Ahmedpur station.
"This too much bad, if passenger go to make dung that dam guard not wait train five minutes for him. I
am therefore pray your honour to make big fine on that guard for public sake. Otherwise I am making big
report! to papers."

4. The widely recognised dialects include Malayali English,Maharashtrian English, Punjabi English, Bengali
English, Hindi English, alongside several more obscure dialects such as Butler English (Bearer English),
Babu English, and Bazaar English and several code-mixed varieties of English.
1. Babu english
Babu English (Baboo English),the name originally coming from the Bengali word for a gentleman,
is a dialect of English that first developed as an occupational dialect,amongst clerks in the Bengali-
speaking areas ofpre-Partition India. The distinguishing characteristics ofBabu English are the
florid(over elobarate), excessively polite,and indirect manner ofexpression,
Butler English
2. Butler English,also known as Bearer English or Kitchen English, is a dialect ofEnglish that
first developed as an occupational dialect in the years ofthe Madras Presidency
Butler English, also known as Bearer English or Kitchen English
“One master call for come India … eh England. I say not coming. That master very liking me. I not
come. That is like for India — that hot and cold. That England for very cold.”
the use ofthe present participle for the future tense: I telling rather than the Standard English "I
will tell"
the use of "done" as an auxiliary instead of"have": I done come rather than "I have come", and I
done tell rather than "I have told"
Butler English use of"only" as a focus marker
Butler English use of "got" as an existential
"done come" to "actually arrived".
Southern Indian English here refers to rural, broad varieties of India's south Regions.
/oʊ/ as monophthongal [oː].
/eɪ/ as monophthongal [eː].
/ɒ/ as [ɑ]
/θ/ and /ð/, respectively, as [t̪(ʰ)] and [d̪ ].
No thanks!

5. Out of these varieties, there are severalsub- varieties also. They are: Chi-Chi English, Broken English,
Kitchen English,Boxwala English,Bearer English, Pidgin English, Butler English,Babu English,
Burger English
Major Functions ofEnglish in India: Instrumental, Regulative , Interpersonal and Innovative or
creative.
Tamil English/ Butler English:The English used in Chennai (earlier known as Madras) has been
mentioned as Butler English. The best example of Butler English is:‘…the broken English spoken by
native servants in the Madras Presidency which is
e. Impact of Dravidian languages (especially Tamil) is highly visible in the pronunciation patterns of
Butler English. Hence,sound /e/ is pronounced as /je/ and sound /o/ as /wo/, /n/ as /jn/, /m/ as /jm/ etc.
Bengali English/ Babu English:The name is given to the sub-variety of English used in Bengal and its
nearby regions. The main characteristic ofBabu English is its extremely stylistic ornamentation.
“If the aimed point be embraced favourably by the public, all in all grateful acknowledgements will ride
on jumping border from the very bottom of my heart.”
Punjabi English:The touch of Punjabi language can be very well noticed in the works of renowned
writers like: Mulk raj Anand, Khushwant Singh etc.
Gujarati language and culture can be easily traced in the novels of Rohinton Mistry’s ‘A Fine
Balance’,Firdaus Kanga’s ‘Trying to Grow’ Farrukh Dhondy’s ‘Bombay Duck’, Bapsi Sidhwa’s ‘The
Crow Eaters’,‘The Pakistani Bride’, ‘Ice Candy Man’ and ‘An American Brat’; and Chetan Bahgat’s ‘3
Mistakes of My Life’, ‘Five Point Someone’, ‘One Night @ the Call Centre’ and ‘Two States’. Influence
of mother tongue may also be found in the spoken form of Gujrati English
Mumbaiya / Boxwala English:This name was given to the sub-variety of English which was mostly
used in Mumbai by wandering peddlers.
INDIANIZATION
"There are wonderful lndianisms that express
something a speaker of proper English could never get across ... The use of 'hot drinks' for alcohol - to
distinguish it from cold drinks - is also very Indian (the proper distinction is of course between 'hard' and
'soft drinks'): 'You'll take some hot?' The terms 'cousinbrother' and 'time-pass',also the use of local

6. words ('chal' and 'yaar', for instance) are perfectly acceptable because they fill voids in a language
which is not native to India."
“It is piZZa Say it properly…There’s a T in the middle Peet Zah. Don’t correct my English Ashok. There
is no T in pizza. Look at the box.” (The White Tiger, 131) Hybrid formation is also very frequently seen
in the English used in the Hindi speaking area; i.e. double-roti, rail-gari, motor-gari, bhabhi
Indian Formation Standard Usages a) bread giver (Acrossthe Gaping Chasm,23) -- employer Salt
giver (Kantapura,32) b) Expired (Indian English,88) -- passed away c) By foot/walk (Standard English
And Indian Usage,66) -- on foot d) Good name (’kqHk uke) (The Namesake, 56) -- name e) Marriage
(ceremony) (The Great Indian Novel,70) --wedding (ceremony) f) Cousin brother or sister (Students'
Britannica India, 182) -- cousin
Stepney (It was a brand name) --spare tire l) Flyover --Pass over (AmE) m) Students give test --
Students take text
Beero
Xerox
“…seven rebirths I won’t be able to repay my debt to you.”
“I will be highly obliged if you will kindly give me scope in your office”
Then Only
Drum beating
Worship-festival
Diphthong /eɪ/ is pronounced as /eː/
Diphthong /əʊ/ is pronounced as /oː/
/ɑː/ may be more front /a/
Loan words from English
Rajah, Curry, Vada,coolie, Bungalow, pundit, jungle, dhoti,
Ghee, avatar,karma,mantra, guru, shanti, chutney
Rasa,bhakti,
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words by Colonel Henry Yule and A.C.Burnell (1886)
Bulb, switch, bank, has become Part and parcel of India
Linguistic Imperialism and “Coco-colonization”

7. NATIVE SPEAKERISM:
Adrian Holliday
‘native speakers’ are the best models and teachers of English because they represent a ‘Western culture’
nativespeakerism is the promotion by the ELT industry of the so-called ‘native speaker’ brand of
British and America.
Holliday, A. R. (2005). The struggle to teach English as an international language.
Code Mixing and Code Switching in Indian English
Williams (1987) uses the term NIVES-Non-native Institutionalized varieties of English;
Kachru (1981, 83) World Englishes, Non-native Englishes;
Schneider (2003) New Englishes;
Quirk (1981) Interference Varieties of English;
McArthur (1998) Standard Varieties of English
Sridhar (1996) uses the term Indigenized Varieties of English.
INDIAN LINGUISTS ON INDIANIZATION
Kachru
Verma
Daswani
Shastri
Nihalani. Tongue. Hosali
Bansal
Verma*s concept of cline of mutual intelli-gibility, we may say, compares well with Kachru's cline of
bilingualism.
Shastri: said to deal with ’English in India* whereas our concern is with ’Indian English’. Thus he posits
a terminological distinction between 'English in India’ and ’Indian English*.
keep/put, dark/ black, ill/sick

8. Shastri uses the tern 'absorption* when this phenomenon is restricted to a regional variety of language
and uses the term 'assimilation* when by the same process the elements thus borrowed become a part
and parcelof the native varieties of English. The assimilation of Indian elements into English,
A striking example is the use of the word 'Brahmin* by the American poet emerson in a title of his
poem *The Boston Brahmins*.
BRAJ B KACHRU
Kachru uses the term ‘South Asian English‘ to refer to the variety of English used in the Indian
subcontinent.
Kachru (2005) makes a distinction between ‗genetic nativeness‘ and ‗functional nativeness‘ in the
contextualization of World Englishes. For him, the historical relationship, for example between Hindi and
Bengali belonging to India‘s Indo-Aryan group of languages is genetic. The functional nativeness is not
necessarily related to the genetic mapping of a language. It is determined by the range and depth of a
language in a society.
Kachru - three phases in the introduction of bilingualism in English in India
1. missionary‘ phase.
2. local‘ demand for English
3. ‗government policy‘
T.B. Macaulay was included in the Anglicist Group, and the Orientalist group was headed by H.T.
Prinsep
Kachru (1961) has identified Indian English as ‗a transference variety‘
Kachru (1983) classifies sub-varieties of Indian English on three parameters: region, ethnic groups and
proficiency.
Kachru (1983) describes Indian English or the process of ‗Indianization‘ of English,
The end of monolingualism is what Kachru (1986a) calls the ‗zero‘ point. A person who belongs to this
point has no knowledge of English.

9. namely the ambilingual point, the central point and the zero point. These three points provide the
indications of a speaker‘s proficiency in the use of Indian English: The ambilingual point being the
highest point on the scale and the zero point, the lowest. The zero point, however, is not the end point at
the bottom. Kachru's main claim is that in IE, there is a tendency towards complex sentences which
results in large scale embedding (Kachru 1969). This he illustrates by giving an excerpt from Raja Rao's
Novels.
World English is broadly categorised into three varieties:English as a Native Language (ENL),
English as a Second Language (ESL) India and other colonies. and English as a Foreign Language
(EFL) China and Japan.
In the context of South Asia, the process of Code-mixing (CM) works in both directions: On the one
hand, it is used to Indianize the English language, and on the other hand, it is used to Englishize the South
Asian languages (Kachru, Toward structuring code-mixing: An Indian Perspective)
old-fashioned and bureaucratic expressions such as “do the needful”,“I invite your kind reference to my
letter.” are still frequently used.
Kachru, B.B. 1983. The Indianization of English: The English Language in India.
use and the user.
Acculturation or contextualization
non-native Englishes with four broad functions: the instrumental function, the regulative function, the
interpersonal function and the imaginative/innovative function.
BUTLER ENGLISH:
It is such English in India that is labeled as Babu English, Butler English,Bearer English and Kitchen
English. The regional variation, according to him, coincides with the regional language and the ethnic
variation cuts across regional language or dialect boundaries.
Indian English Collocation :
America-returned, England-returned,Three-eyed, eating-leaves etc.There are certain words,
translated from other languages, e.g. twice-born, dining-leaf, waist-thread,which make sense only in
IE.
Loan-Words: bondh (borrowed from Hindi/Urdu and other Indian languages. )
In Kachru’s Indianization, Raja Rao has been quoted
P. LAL
Braj B. K.achru. 1989, The Alchemy of English words of Professor P. Lal who has promoted IE by
publishing books in IE:

10. “You'll always have Indians who speak very good and correct English. But in fifteen or twenty years we
might have evolved a language which is so truly and richly and uniquely our own, . . . We will create
another indigenous language, like Urdu, like Sanskrit”
Some of the expressions like "Come come! Sit sit!" is used for emphasizing some action. Reduplication
can also replace ‘very’
sentences such as "I am doing it often" rather than "I do it often"; "Where are you coming from?"
instead of "Where have you come from?"; "and "She was having many sarees"rather than "She had many
sarees"
Use of‘’no and the tag ‘isn’t it’ at the end ofEnglish sentence is very frequent. For example “you are
coming no”, we are going isn’t it”.
The use of“only” and “itself” is also very frequent in English language used in India. For example “I
was in Delhi only”, “We can meet today itself”.
The compounds cousin-brother and cousin-sister allow the Indian English speaker to designate whether
their cousin is male or female - a function which is inherent in the terminology of most Indian languages.
INDIANIZATION
I am beliving you , she is liking music very much
Zero Article
Question : will you come home? Instead of when will you come home
I hit the thorn – mullu kuthitu – not grammar translation method is good
Hindi words are used in English
Code switching
Extensive compound words: cousin-sister
Time pass, chalk-piece
Enthu, fandas, - shortening ofwords
KACHRU AND ENGLISH IN INDIA
He uses the term * language acculturation* for the process by which *a distinct non-native variety
emerges as a result of the effect of the culture of a particular country on a foreign language*.

11. India has produced two such varieties, Indian Persian in the Mughal days and Indian English in this
century.
linguistic characteristics of Indian English are transparent in result of ’inter­ference or transfer from
one's mother-tongue into the second anguage*
He mentions three studies of such regional varieties, Gujarati English (Harry,1962), Marathi English
(Kelkar, 1957) and Tamil English (Gopalkrishnan, I960).
The term *cline* is borrowed from Halliday (1961). He, however, uses it differently. The cline of
bilingualism may be divided into three 'measuring points*. These are the Zero point, Central point and
the Ambilingual point.
He modifies the term intelligibility* to imply in a wider sense,*an Indian bilingual*s capacity to use
English effectively for social control - a term suggested by David Abercrombie
They may be termed as ’register-bound*. Kachru sees the formations like ’salt-giver* by Mulk Raj
Anand as analogous to the linguistic innovations ofJames Joyce or E.E. Cummings in British and
American English respectively*
For example, a Bengali while speaking English tends to lose the distinction between /S/ and
/// whereas a Hindi speaker finds word initial consonant clusters like /sp/, /st/, /sk/, etc.,difficult to
produce and A tends to get over the difficulty by adding /i/ sound at the beginning. As a result his station,
school, speech,etc.,
sound like /isku:l/, /istefn/, /ispiitf/ etc.
Indianness in Indian pronunciation Of English are crucial for understanding what may be termed as
deviations*.
For example, the English consonants [f, th , dh ] do not occur as the members of
the consonant inventory of any major Indian language.
He warns not to confuse the term ’deviation1 with ’mistake and defines the two. A ’mistake* may be
defined as any ’deviation’ which is rejected by a native speaker ofEnglish as out ofthe linguistic
’code’ of the English language and which may not be justified in Indian English on foxmal and/or
contextual grounds.

12. Kachru claims that in Indian English, there is a tendency towards complex sentences which results in
large scale embeddings (Kachru,1969). He gives an excerpt from Raja Rao's 'Kanthapura* as an
illustration.
in Indian English reduplication is used for emphasis and/or to indicate continuation of a process.
Examples are, ’He sells different different things;I like hot hot coffee; She has long long hair*.
Interrogative Construction
Under this he cites interrogative constructions in which the auxiliary is not fronted, e.g. *What you
would like to eat?1 ’Really, you are finished?* In tag questions there is a tendency to use either a
general ’it1 or simply a negative particle e.g.’You have borrowed my book, isn’t it?* or ’She took
my book, no?’
Indian English Collocations Certain formations which form part of both grammar and
lexis are termed as Indian English collocations.
1) A collocation grammatically deviant:
America-returned. England-returned.
2) Loan-shifts or word-bound translations from other Indian languages: ‘
three-eyed, salt-giver.
3) A collocation grammatically non-deviant, though deviant contextually:
bangled-widow, cowdung-cakes, eating-leaves, forehead-marking.
4) A collocation not deviant but not productive in the native varieties of English:
sister-sleeper (N ♦ V). In the native varieties of English, there are formations of (V + N) like killjoy,
spitfire, etc.
These are formations like twice-born, dining-leaf, waist-thread,etc. Kachru thinks that the most
convincing argument for their existence in Indian English is that they make sense in Indian English,
they have a meaning with reference to Indian culture.
The vocabulary items that he describes are called hybridized items with several types under it. He
defines a hybridized lexical item as one ofwhich is made up of two or more elements, at least one
of which is from Indian languages and one from English*. The hybrid innovations are categorized
under three types:

13. (1) Hybrid .Collocations:A hybrid collocation is composed of elements from two or more different
languages, it is formally and contextually restricted and its use is generally restricted to one register.
Examples are:Sarvodaya leader, Satyagraha movement,Swatantra party, Swadeshi cloth,etc.
Hybrid Reduplication:In these items, the two indi-vidual items from two languages which combine
have the same or at least a related meaning in the source language. The examplea)as are:’lathistick,
cottonkapas and curved Kukri (from Kanthapura)
To come back to Prator*s objection to the local variety of English as a model,
A tendency to reduce phrases to premodifying noun sequences has been observed, e.g. key bunch ‘bunch
of keys,’ God-love ‘love of God.’
Edgar W. Schneider’s Postcolonial English: Varieties around the world
invariant tags like isn’t it? or no;
pluralization of certain mass nouns, like alphabets, furnitures, apparels;
omission or insertion of articles;
use of the progressive with stative verbs; coming
wh-interrogative clauses without inversion, e.g. Where you are going?;
reduplication of adjectives and verbs;
Coinage ofphrases: under the hands ofmen ‘subservient to’;in her small age ‘young,’ outside man
‘stranger.’
CONCEPTS OF KACHRU
Interference from mother tongu to 2nd language
Happy new yer and Bengali shame to you!
Different different things
Give them one one pieces
Hothot coffee.. Long long hair
Indian-English-A-Sociolinguistic-Profile-of-a-Transplanted-Language
Intelligability of indian English
THE CLINE OF BILINGUALISM. The cline of bilingualism may be divided into three "measuring
points." These are the ZERO point,the CENTRAL point, and the AMBILINGUAL point.

14. There is another aspect to Indian English - the users' linguistic schizophrenia. This is shown in a complex
love-hate rela- tionship with the language. The middle classes prefer English-educated women in
matrimony, and England-returned and America-returned grooms are in demand
The Indianization of English: the Language in India.
The Alchemy of English: the Spread, Functions and Models of Non-native Englishes.
The Indianness in Indian English
Pluralization Of English, Litters, Furnitures,
Adding English Suffixes To Indian Words “Parota Stall”
World Englishes
the term Englishes?
distinction of native and non native has come under attack
Quirk rejects this terminological triad
ENL , ESL, EFL
Long-term contact results in Nativisation and Acculturation.
4: English in India and Indian English A. History of English in India B. Politics of English
in Post-Independent India C. Indian English : Stereotype and standardization D. Feature
List and corpus linguistic approach to Indian English
Recommended Reading:
1. Archer, Dawn, Karin Aijmer, and Anne Wichmann. Pragmatics: An Advanced Resource
Book for Students. Routledge, 2012. 2. Bauer, Laurie. An Introduction to International
Varieties of English. Hong Kong University Press, 2002. 3. Biber, Douglas, and Susan
Conrad. Register, Genre and Style. Cambridge University Press, 2009. 4. Bolton, Kingsley,
and Braj B. Kachru. Asian Englishes. Vol. 4. Routledge, 2006. 5. Crystal, David. English as
a Global Language. Cambridge University Press, 2012. 6. Crystal, David, and Derek Davy.
Investigating English Style. Routledge, 2016. 7. Cheshire, Jenny, ed. English around the
World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 1991. 8. Kachru, Braj B.
The Indianization of English: the English Language in India. Oxford University Press,
1983. 9. Kachru, Braj B. The Alchemy of English: The Spread, Functions, and Models of
Non-Native Englishes. University of Illinois Press, 1990. 10. Krishnaswamy, N. & Burde, A.

15. S. The Politics of Indians' English: Linguistic Colonialism and the Expanding English
Empire. Oxford University Press, 1998. 11. Leech, G. N. Principles of Pragmatics.
Longman, 1983. 12. Levinson, S. C. Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press, 1983. 13.
Lange, Claudia. The Syntax of Spoken Indian English. John Benjamins Publishing
Company, 2012.
14. Maguire, Warren & April McMahan. eds. Analyzing Variation in English. Cambridge
University Press, 2011. 15. Meyer, Charles. English Corpus Linguistics: An Introduction.
Cambridge University Press, 2002. 16. Jenkins, Jennifer. 2nd ed. World Englishes.
Routledge. (Special Indian Edition), 2012. 17. Schneider, Edger. English Around the
World: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2010. 18. Spolsky, Bernard.
Sociolinguistics. Oxford University Press, 1998. 19. Strevens, Peter. New Orientations in
the Teaching of English. Oxford University Press, 1977. 20. Trudgill, Peter. Introducing
Language and Society. Penguin, 1992. 21. Trudgill, Peter. "Standard English: What it
isn’t." Standard English: The Widening Debate (1999): 117-128. Please Note: As per UGC
norms each paper has been assigned one hour of tutorial per week and this is reflected in
the time table of the Department.
Syllabus Prepared by: Dr. Sachin Labade - Convener Dr. Shivaji Sargar - Member
EnglishinIndia4.1 What is IndianEnglish?4.2Englishas a first,secondandforeignlanguage inIndia4.3
Bilingualism, Multilingualism, Nativization4.4Cultural SpecificityandMulticulturalism
Agnihotri,R.K& Khanna,A.L (1997). ProblematizingEnglishinIndia.New Delhi:Sage Publications
Agnihotri,R.K& Khanna,A.L.(1995). EnglishLanguage TeachinginIndia.New Delhi:Sage Publications