2. OFFICIAL LANGUAGE COMMISSION
• 1960 order: “Hindi would be the language of Union public service
commission and high court language”
• Non-Hindi Speaker’s Riot (DMK, Kamaraj)
• 1965 anti-Hindi Riots
• Lal Bhagadur sastri said English can be used as long as they want
• English continued to be Official, Associate Language
• National Integration conference:
• English Language may be used in addition to hindi in all official,.....
• Shall
3. • Three Language Formula
• Mother Tongue or regional
• Hindi or any other Indian languages in Hindi speaking areas
• English
• Kothari Comission = 10+2+3
• Dilemma that foreign language can’t be medium of instruction
• At the same time non-hindi people react
• English should be continued to be library language
• Regional language should be official language of region
4. ELT IN INDIA
• Grammar Translation vs Direct Method
• Structural method
• ELTI was established in Allahabad in 1954
• CIEFL in Hydrabad
• Regional Institute of English in Bangalore (south)
• Lang-Lit Controversy
• Departments were divided Cells for language and Prison for
Literature
5. • American Lit
• Common Wealth
• Indian English Literature
• National Policy on Education , Curriculum development
Center (1989)
6. GLOBALIZATION PHASE (ENGLISH TODAY)
• Regional Variety of English
• English is more of a street or office language than home
language
• David Crystal’s English as a Global Language (1957)
• Some people use English as first language (L1)
• Some people use ENGLISH as Second Language (L2)
• Some people trying to learn and use English (China, Japan,
Russia,etc.)
7. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
• Regional differences and dialects in Indian English
• Maliali English, Tamilian English, Pajabi English, Bengali English,
Hindi English, to “Standard Indian English”
• Sub-standard varieties: Butler English, Bearer English, Baboo English,
Bazaar English, Kitchen English, Cantonment English
• Code-Mixing
• English as State language in Nagaland and Meghalaya.
• English is nor included in 22 recognized Languages of India
• Is there anything called Indian English ???
9. • EFL, ESL, and TESOL
• Grateful for British for teaching English
• Abolishment of English Department
• Achebe
• Lordship Register :
• “your most humble servant” “I humbly request your honour” “your
Lordship has written” “your honour will be pleased to know”
• Bureaucratic REGISTER :
• I beg to inform the ladies and Gentleman, Publics are hereby informed ,
honoured and dear sir,
10. • Stabilization of English
• English Officials were addressed:
• “honoured and dear sir” “we humbly desire” “will you kindly send” “you are
requested to appear” “hoping you will live long”
• World Englishes
