11. Video clip
• The sewage treatment process (7.48)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8isr9nSD
CK4
12. Wastewater Treatment in Asia
• Unsafe Water is responsible for 80% of the
deaths in the developing world. Clean drinking
water and sanitation are linked.
• Only 35% of the wastewater is treated in Asia
14. The Figures in 99 seconds
• See Lack of toilets puts India's health and
rural women's safety at risk site (1.39)
• http://www.theguardian.com/global-
development/2014/aug/28/toilets-india-
health-rural-women-safety
15. Costs and Benefits to Sanitation
• Wastewater Management and Sanitation in
Asia and the Pacific
- http://www.adb.org/features/promoting-
wastewater-revolution-asia-adbs-plans-
progress-and-initiatives
19. Open Defecation - India
• Many villages and urban slums have no toilet
• 50% of population in India still practices open
defecation
20. Issues in Sanitation
Case Study: India
• No access to toilet impacts HEALTH
– Spread of disease
– Dehydration, death
– Many women suffer urinary tract problems and
gastric problems
– Impacts elderly, women, children
21. • Environment
– Open defecation causes pollution of waterways
– Unsafe for food production
22. – Alternative sewage systems have been designed
that are suitable for small scale treatment, i.e. For
Individual households
– Low cost, use no or little water, solar powered
23. • Financial Cost of building, maintaining,
cleaning toilets and wastewater management
systems
– Large scale costs – e.g. World Bank, Asian
Development Bank
– Small scale projects – e.g. for toilet in home, loans
from NGO’s
24. • Cultural Norms
– Resistance by many (mostly men) who say open
defecation is their culture
– Women shamed to be seen - wait till dark
• Education
– Next generation being educated about sanitation
– If no toilet at school, many girls drop out
25. Having a toilet, increases…
• Safety
– Accidents from falling down ditches etc
– Harassment
– Rape
• Dignity, Privacy
• Time saved
28. Prep
• Reinvent the Toilet Fair, Delhi, India
(overview tour of the exhibits) (8.50)
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0CMtwfNIa
4
• Prepare long answer for test next Thursday
Editor's Notes
Comparison
Differences between natural water cycle and urban water cycle: in urban areas, more runoff, less infiltration, low ground water flow, intermittent flow in streams
Waste water management is big problem as world becomes more and more populated and urbanised. Population also becoming more urbanised. Worldwide 90% of human wastewater are discharged untreated into natural waters. So what can be done? To stop spread of disease and contamination of drinking water. As well as spoiling the environment (high nutrient content leads to algal blooms and upsetting the natural balance, unsightly, etc.
Today, most of wastewater in developed countries flows trough a treatment plant. However only a few of those treatment systems are able to recycle the nutrients we are flushing into the toilet. Result is algal blooms
Warm weather, or warm sea current plus nutrients plus sunlight make for rapid population growth in algal colony. Can you tell where large centres of population are in Southern England and Ireland?
Sewage management – one big problem of untreated and unmanaged sewage which we saw yesterday is the contamination of drinking water
To avoid sanitation problems, wastewater is treated. This is Wollongong Wastewater treatment plant. However only a few of those treatment systems are able to recycle the nutrients we are flushing into the toilet. Result can be algal blooms which give off toxins to the environment.
Conventional waste water treatment plant First part – screening, remove sand and grit, remove solid organic matter, aerate water and add bacteria, disinfect, nutrient removal (filter through bed of sand or activated charcoal)
Ocean outfall Mumbai
Ganges river at Varanasi in India 2008, photo by JM Suarez
