Basic programming for new programmers. Introduce the step-by-step in programming. Including C, C++, Python, Pascal.

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Chapter1 - Introduction
Logical Organization of a Computer and Stored Program Concept
LOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF A COMPUTER:
The following diagram shows the logical organization of a Computer-
This is also known as the von Neumann Architecture.
The von Neumann architecture is a design model for a stored-program digital computer that
uses a central processing unit(CPU) and a single separate storage structure ("memory") to
hold both instructions and data.

It is named after the mathematician and early computer scientist John von Neumann.
STORED PROGRAM CONCEPT:
A stored-program digital computer is one that keeps itsprogrammed instructions, as well as
its data, in read-write,random-access memory (RAM).
Stored-program computers were an advancement over the program-controlled computers of
the 1940s, such as the Colossusand the ENIAC, which were programmed by setting switches
and inserting patch leads to route data and to control signals between various functional units.

The terms von Neumann architecture and stored-program computer are generally used
interchangeably.

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Chapter2 - Programming Process
Flowcharts
WHAT IS A FLOWCHART?
It is an organized combination of shapes, lines and text which graphically illustrate a
process.
 A flowchart can be used as an alternative for an algorithm

SYMBOLS USED IN FLOWCHARTS:
The following table shows a listing of different symbols used in flowcharts along with
their meaning and purpose –
EXAMPLES:
1. Draw a flowchart to print the sum of two numbers.

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2. Draw a flowchart to print the average of any three numbers.
3. Draw a flowchart to print Area and Perimeter of a Square.
4. Draw a flowchart to print biggest of two numbers.

4. 3
5. Draw a flowchart to check whether a number is positive, negative or zero.
6. Draw a flowchart to print biggest of three numbers.

5. 4
7. Draw a flowchart to print a number ‘n’ 10 times.
8. Draw a flowchart to print all the odd numbers between 1 and n.
9. Draw a flowchart to print all the even numbers between 1 and n.

6. Life Cycle of a Software Project
Software:- It is a collection of computer programs and related data that
provide the instructions telling a computer what to do.
Project:- It is a sequence of tasks planned from beginning to end bounded
by time, resources and required results.
 So, a software project is a collection of programs and related data that
are done in a planned manner with bounded time, resources and end results.
A software development process is a structure imposed on the
development of a software product. It is also called as a software life cycle or
a software process.
The following diagram shows the step-by-step procedure of Software
Development -
This diagram is known as Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Requirements phase: In this phase the required data about the project is
collected and are categorized into different types of requirements.
Design phase: At this stage the crude design of the whole project is made
ready.

7. Implementation phase: This stage is concerned with the actual coding
phase. The coding can be done in any languages.
Verification phase: It is to verify that the implementation done in the
previous stage meets all the requirements collected in the 1st phase.
Maintenance phase: This is where the end product is put into use. User is
using the product and if any changes are needed that are to be incorporated
at this stage.
 All these phases may be repeated as many times as possible until the
desired product is available.