IPv4 provided the primary addressing scheme in TCP/IP. However after many years its limitations begin to catch up with networking implementations. What are the main limitations that you are familiar with from reading the suggested chapters? Solution Internet protocol version4 also called as an IPV4 defined by Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) in the year 1981.IPV4 uses a 32 bit address space. Initial design of IPv4 did not predict the growth of internet and this created many issues, which proved IPv4 need to be changed. The main limitations of IPv4 are as follows. 1.Address configuration related issues:In these days Networks and also internet is expanding and many new computers and devices are using IP. The configuration of IP addresses (Either static or dynamic) should be made simple. 2.Scarcity of IPv4 Addresses:As we know that IPV4 uses a 32 bit address space and furthur these are again classfied as five classes which are CLASS-A,CLASS-B,CLASS-C,CLASS-D,CLASS- E.where the classes D and E are used for research and development and reserved for future use.The 32-bit address space allows for 4,294,967,296 IPv4 addresses.But the previous and current IPv4 address allocation practices limit the number of available public IPv4 addresses. Many addresses which are allocated to many companies were not used and this created scarcity of IPv4 addresses. For this scarcity Reason many Many organistion uses the Network Address Translation(NAT) to map multiple private IPv4 addresses to a single public IPv4 address. But the NAT has many limitations they are as follows. NAT (Network Address Translation) do not support network layer security standards and it do not support the mapping of all upper layer protocols. NAT can also create network problems when two organizations which use same private IPv4 address ranges communicate. More servers, workstations and devices which are connected to the internet demand the need for more addresses and the current statistics prove that public IPv4 address space will be depleted soon. The scarcity of IPv4 address is a major limitation of IPv4 addressing system. 3.Security Related Issues: Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a protocol suit that enables network security by protecting the data being sent from being viewed or modified. IPSec provides security for IPv4 packets, but Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is not built-in and optional. Many IPSecimplementations are having their own rules. 4. Quality of service (QoS): The QOS relies in on 8 bits of the Type Of Service(TOS) and PayLoad in IPV4.but the IPV4 TOS has limited functionality and payload identification is not possible when an data gram packet is encrypted. Inorder to overcome these Limitations ipv6 came into Figure..

1. IPv4 provided the primary addressing scheme in TCP/IP. However after many years its
limitations begin to catch up with networking implementations. What are the main limitations
that you are familiar with from reading the suggested chapters?
Solution
Internet protocol version4 also called as an IPV4 defined by Internet Engineering Task
Force(IETF) in the year 1981.IPV4 uses a 32 bit address space. Initial design of IPv4 did not
predict the growth of internet and this created many issues, which proved IPv4 need to be
changed. The main limitations of IPv4 are as follows.
1.Address configuration related issues:In these days Networks and also internet is expanding and
many new computers and devices are using IP. The configuration of IP addresses (Either static or
dynamic) should be made simple.
2.Scarcity of IPv4 Addresses:As we know that IPV4 uses a 32 bit address space and furthur these
are again classfied as five classes which are CLASS-A,CLASS-B,CLASS-C,CLASS-D,CLASS-
E.where the classes D and E are used for research and development and reserved for future
use.The 32-bit address space allows for 4,294,967,296 IPv4 addresses.But the previous and
current IPv4 address allocation practices limit the number of available public IPv4 addresses.
Many addresses which are allocated to many companies were not used and this created scarcity
of IPv4 addresses.
For this scarcity Reason many Many organistion uses the Network Address Translation(NAT) to
map multiple private IPv4 addresses to a single public IPv4 address. But the NAT has many
limitations they are as follows.
NAT (Network Address Translation) do not support network layer security standards and it do
not support the mapping of all upper layer protocols. NAT can also create network problems
when two organizations which use same private IPv4 address ranges communicate. More
servers, workstations and devices which are connected to the internet demand the need for more
addresses and the current statistics prove that public IPv4 address space will be depleted soon.
The scarcity of IPv4 address is a major limitation of IPv4 addressing system.
3.Security Related Issues: Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a protocol suit that enables
network security by protecting the data being sent from being viewed or modified. IPSec
provides security for IPv4 packets, but Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is not built-in and
optional. Many IPSecimplementations are having their own rules.
4. Quality of service (QoS): The QOS relies in on 8 bits of the Type Of Service(TOS) and
PayLoad in IPV4.but the IPV4 TOS has limited functionality and payload identification is not

2. possible when an data gram packet is encrypted.
Inorder to overcome these Limitations ipv6 came into Figure.