Know the different types of viruses which have a dsRNA genome A type of infection caused by bacteriophages which involves a transition from a lytic to a lysogenic stage. What is the defense mechanism employed by the T4 phage to prevent excision of its DNA by restriction enzymes? Know the viruses that use RNA/DNA genomes. Describe in general terms how bacteriophage lambda regulates the switch between the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Proteins involved? What factors may influence the transition from a lytic to lysogenic state in lambda phage? Describe in general terms how bacteriophage lambda regulates the switch between the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Other Proteins involved? Describe in general terms the strategy used by the ssDNA virus phi X 174 to synthesize its nucleic acids and proteins. Function of the replicative form? Know the different viruses which have a ssDNA genome Outline the major events involved in plus- strand RNA viruses and the specific mechanisms used to accomplish each step. Type of template used? Describe in general terms the strategy used by minus and plus strand RNA viruses to synthesize their nucleic acids and proteins. Propose how a retrovirus with a single RNA molecule as its genome might generate multiple proteins from that molecule. Intermediate molecule? What are cytokines? Roles in immunity? What is the alternate complement pathway? Roles? What are the functions and locations (blood, tissue etc.) of the different immune cells? Mechanisms employed by the lungs to help protect it from infection What are dendritic cells? Roles they play in the immune response? Specific vs non-specific Function of lysozyme? Know the different body areas which act as physical barriers to infection. Know the different physical and biological defense mechanisms? Examples? Solution 1. Pox virus, herpes group of virus , adenovirus, papova virus have double stranded DNA 2. Infection caused bacteriophages example is corynebacterium diphtheria, bordrtella pertussis, campylobacter jejuni 4 . Viruses which use DNA are pox, herpes, papova virus, adenovirus virus.. Viruses which use RNA are hiv , rhabdovirus, influenza, respiratory syncitial virus 9.viruses having ss DNA genome are -parvo virus 13.cytokines are chemical mediators which play a role in immunity and inflammation... Eg.. TNF-alpha, TGF- Beta, gamma interferon..,interleukins..And all which play important role in inflammation and immunity...For cells recruitment, activation, reland action 17.dendritic cells are the primary antigen presenting cells which act non specificaly on any antigen .Help in mounting an immune response. 18.lysozyme is inflammatory mediator present in granules in the macrophages ...These are microbicidal in action.which kills the consumed microbe 19..Skin, mucus lining of respiratory tract, cervical mucus plugs, vaginal acidic pH, lymph nodes.

1. Know the different types of viruses which have a dsRNA genome A type of infection caused by
bacteriophages which involves a transition from a lytic to a lysogenic stage. What is the defense
mechanism employed by the T4 phage to prevent excision of its DNA by restriction enzymes?
Know the viruses that use RNA/DNA genomes. Describe in general terms how bacteriophage
lambda regulates the switch between the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Proteins involved? What
factors may influence the transition from a lytic to lysogenic state in lambda phage? Describe in
general terms how bacteriophage lambda regulates the switch between the lytic and lysogenic
cycles. Other Proteins involved? Describe in general terms the strategy used by the ssDNA virus
phi X 174 to synthesize its nucleic acids and proteins. Function of the replicative form? Know
the different viruses which have a ssDNA genome Outline the major events involved in plus-
strand RNA viruses and the specific mechanisms used to accomplish each step. Type of template
used? Describe in general terms the strategy used by minus and plus strand RNA viruses to
synthesize their nucleic acids and proteins. Propose how a retrovirus with a single RNA
molecule as its genome might generate multiple proteins from that molecule. Intermediate
molecule? What are cytokines? Roles in immunity? What is the alternate complement pathway?
Roles? What are the functions and locations (blood, tissue etc.) of the different immune cells?
Mechanisms employed by the lungs to help protect it from infection What are dendritic cells?
Roles they play in the immune response? Specific vs non-specific Function of lysozyme? Know
the different body areas which act as physical barriers to infection. Know the different physical
and biological defense mechanisms? Examples?
Solution
1. Pox virus, herpes group of virus , adenovirus, papova virus have double stranded DNA
2. Infection caused bacteriophages example is corynebacterium diphtheria, bordrtella pertussis,
campylobacter jejuni
4 . Viruses which use DNA are pox, herpes, papova virus, adenovirus virus..
Viruses which use RNA are hiv , rhabdovirus, influenza, respiratory syncitial virus
9.viruses having ss DNA genome are -parvo virus
13.cytokines are chemical mediators which play a role in immunity and inflammation... Eg..
TNF-alpha, TGF- Beta, gamma interferon..,interleukins..And all which play important role in
inflammation and immunity...For cells recruitment, activation, reland action
17.dendritic cells are the primary antigen presenting cells which act non specificaly on any
antigen .Help in mounting an immune response.
18.lysozyme is inflammatory mediator present in granules in the macrophages ...These are
microbicidal in action.which kills the consumed microbe

2. 19..Skin, mucus lining of respiratory tract, cervical mucus plugs, vaginal acidic pH, lymph nodes