A processor has 6 pipeline stages: fetch, decode, calculate operands, fetch operands, execute, and write. The space time diagram shows 9 instructions being processed with and without pipelining. Pipelining allows instructions to be processed simultaneously in different stages, reducing the number of time units needed to complete all instructions compared to sequential processing without pipelining.

1. 1. Assume a pipeline processor with 6 stages: Fetch Instruction (FI), Decode Instruction (DI),
Calculate Operands (CO), Fetch Operand (FO), Execute Instruction (EI) and Write Operand
(WO). Draw the space time diagram for a sequence of 9 instructions. What would the number of
time units with pipeline and the number of time unit without using pipeline? (20 marks)