Giraffes have long necks that allow them to reach more food sources .pdf

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Giraffes have long necks that allow them to reach more food sources in their habitat. The long neck trait is an example of A. selection. B. adaptation. C. radiation. D. homology. Solution Answer:B. adaptation. The long neck in giraffes is due to the adaptation in the natural habitat. In the course of the evolution, the adapations are necessary for the animals to survive , for survival, the organism should undergo adaptation.Due to long long it can eat the leaves from the trees..

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What are the methods, mechanisms, and types of media by which Germany youth, including Heck, are socialized and indoctrinated under National Socialism? Solution German peopel resepects their nation much and they believe in their system. they are basically true lovers of their nation and they works together to achieve national goals. they always give first priority to national goals and later personal benefits. they thinks that all are equal in the nation and every one should get the same facilities and same treatment from society or government also. there are different types of media where the young people use to promote the national previlage and priorities. they used social media sites like twitter, facebook and also they use the support of print media. the other media is telecast and broad cast media, by using all these types of media German youth are implementing their national socilism..

What are the methods, mechanisms, and types of media by which German.pdf

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VHDL programming assignment: write functions for each of the following purpose: a function that takes in an array of integers and returns the average of the numbers in that array. this array has a dynamic size.inside this function u cannot declare any variables or signals and you are only permitted to use the inputs and the outputs. the function must hold the following form: Solution for ( i=1;i=1to 10;i++) i = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVG= (I=1 to 10) AVG(int i=1.

VHDL programming assignmentwrite functions for each of the follow.pdf

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This is a Physiology qquestion. Describe the two general meanings of the term membrane, as used in biology. Which usage indicates layers of cells and which indicates layers of molecules? Solution Answer: Two general meanings of the term \"membrane\" in biology are to describe the structure of cell membrane that is permeable to some molecules but not all molecules. Second meaning of a \"membrane in biological cell\" is to protect inner cytoskeleton with organelles. Membrane is made of phospholipid bilayer in which one is hydrophilic region and another is hydrophobic region. The phsopholipid layers indicates layers of lipids and membrane proteins whereas the layers of cells is mainly due to \"membrane associated cell adhesion molecules\" These three macromolecules together to form a complex phospholipid bilayer in which periplasmic proteins are distributed in a mosaic manner. The large fluid mosaic structure is formed from these macromolecules composed of phospholipid bilayers with protein channels for the transport of organic & inorganic nutrients including trace metal. Normally, the essential aspects of these structures composed of \"porins, protein channels, integral proteins” that dictate their function for the selective permeability, diffusion of nutrients across the membrane into & out of the cell finally to attain homeostasis Fluid mosaic model describes that two-dimensional liquid layer of cell membrane where proteins distributed like mosaic model in the phospholipid bilayer. This model mostly accepted by biologists Role of the protein molecules in this model cell membrane layers are membrane extracellular protein domains in connection to the lipid bilayer membrane. Membrane phospholipids are the molecules with hydrophillic polar heads towards the solvent such as water whereas hydrophobic tail located towards the center of the layer and this bilayer formed by micelles, as fatty acids possess one polar associated with another nonpolar head. Cell membrane possesses a property known as selective permeability. Cell membrane consists of phopholipid bilayer that also include several of the transmembrane proteins, ion channels etc. Small, nonpolar molecules with hydrophobic nature diffuse more easily into the cell membrane. Similarly, proteins interact and assemble themselves to form several layers of structures in our body..

This is a Physiology qquestion. Describe the two general meanings of.pdf

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Type I hypersensitivity is a Th1 type response Th2 type response Th17 type response none of the above Type III hypersensitivities involve large number of antibody-antigen complexes that the body is having difficulty clearing up. Which organ is frequently overwhelmed by these antibody/antigen complexes? liver lymph nodes kidney none the above Mosquito bites can often result in a swollen skin area around the bite which is red and sore. This reaction is caused by a saliva protein secreted by the mosquito to avoid clotting of the blood. Which type of hypersensitivity do mosquitoe bites usually cause? type I type II type III type IV Solution 13. Answer is Th-2. Type-1 hypersensitivity is a Th-2 response. In this B-lymphocytes are stimulated by CD4+ or Th-2 cell in response to allergin and produce Ig-E antibodies which bind to mast cells and execute Type-1 Hypersensitivity 14. Answe is Kidney or Glomarulus. The immune complexs frequently accumulate in Blood vessels, Joints and kidneys 15. Type-1.

Type I hypersensitivity is a Th1 type response Th2 type response T.pdf

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The wide diversity of arthropod body plans can be attributed to: Question 8 options: flexibility in metabolism that lets them use a variety of carbon and energy sources small body sizes that allow individuals to colonize many habitats mutations in genes that regulate the development of limbs, mouthparts, etc. acquisition of mitochondria through endosymbiosis of proteobacteria flexibility in metabolism that lets them use a variety of carbon and energy sources small body sizes that allow individuals to colonize many habitats mutations in genes that regulate the development of limbs, mouthparts, etc. acquisition of mitochondria through endosymbiosis of proteobacteria Solution The wide diversity of arthropod body plans can be attributed to : mutations in genes that regulate the development of limbs ,mouthparts etc..

The wide diversity of arthropod body plans can be attributed toQu.pdf

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The sample median is astatisticp-valueresidualparameterA.s.pdf

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The main advantage of organizing a business as a C Corporation in the U.S. is: A) Limited Liability B) Separation of ownership and managment C) Double taxation D) The relatively low costs of incorporation versus the other forms of business E) Tax exemption Solution Ans option A Limited liability is the main advantage of organizing a business as a corporation in US It reduces the risk in case of default.

The main advantage of organizing a business as a C Corporation in th.pdf

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Single Source Shortest Path Assume that you have a model of a weighted, connected graph made of balls (representing the vertices) connected by strings (that represent the edges) with lengths that represent the weighting of that edge. Describe how you can solve the single-source shortest- path problem with this model. Solution -->Hold the ball representing the source in one hand and let the rest of the model hang down. -->The force of gravity will make the shortest path to each of the other balls be on a straight line down..

Single Source Shortest Path Assume that you have a model of a weight.pdf

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Question 2: Easter Climate Data for Chicago - weather.gov670 × 454Search by image The following statistics comprises 142 years of data. However snowfall data started in 1885 so it comprises 130 years. Data collection began at the University of Chicago, then at Midway, and currently at O\'Hare which is now the official station for Chicago. Explain each of the following 4 charts (High, Low, Precipitation, Snowfall). Include rules, formulas, calculations, results and interpretations of results. Include additional climate data table in your answer. Demonstrate all quantitative or qualitative results for each chart (i.e, mean, median, mode, probability, deviation, range, intervals, width, coefficient variation, boundary points, ROC, measure of location, measure of spread, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, quantiles, etc.) Easter Day Data: A. High Temperatures Data: On Easter day: for 4 years it was <30, for 15 years it was 30-39, for 37 years it was 40-49, for 37 years it was 50-59, for 29 years it was 60-69, 13 years it was 70-79, 7 years it was 80>. The total years measured = 142 years. B. Low Temperature Data: On Easter day: for 0 years it was <10, for 4 years it was 10-19, for 22 years it was 20-29, for 63 years it was 30-39, for 38 years it was 40-49, for 12 years it was 50-59, for 3 years it was 60>. The total years measured = 142 years. C. Precipitation Data: On Easter day: 61 years there was 0.00, 22 years there was trace, 7 years there was 0.01, 32 years there was 0.02 - 0.25, 8 years there was 0.26 - 0.50, 4 years there was 0.51 - 0.75, 4 years there was 0.76 - 1.00, 2 years there was 1.01 - 1.25, 3 years there was 1.26. Total years measured is 142 years. D. Snowfall Data: On Easter day: 108 there was 0.0, 11 years there was trace, 8 years there was 0.1 - 0.9, 1 year there was 1.0 - 1.9, 0 years there was 2.0 - 2.9, 0 years there was 3.0 - 3.9, 0 years there was 4.0 - 4.9, 2 years there was 5.0>. Total years measured is 130. ADDITIONAL EASTER DAY CLIMATE DATA ( * MEANS LAST OCCURRENCE) MAX TEMP WARMEST MIN TEMP WARMEST PCPN WETTEST SNOW MOST 85 April 10, 1977 62 April 13, 1941 3.12 March 31, 1929 7.1 March 29, 1964 83 April 11, 1971 61 April 19, 1992 1.49 April 9, 1882 6.4 April 4, 1920 82 April 18,1976 * 60 April 18, 1976 1.43 April 22, 1984 1.5 March 30, 1902 81 April 10, 1955 * 58 April 17, 1927 1.16 March 23, 1913 79 April 20, 2014 * 56 April 17, 1938 * 1.01 March 30, 1902 78 April 19, 1987 55 April 12, 1998 0.91 April 14, 1974 76 March 26, 1989 53 April 22, 1962 0.88 April 16, 2006 74 April 22, 1962 52 April 10, 1887 0.80 April 4, 2010 * 73 April 12, 1998 * 51 March 30, 1986 0.61 April 20, 1930 72 March 31, 1918 50 April 20, 2003 0.60 March 31, 1872 MAX TEMP COLDEST MIN TEMP COLDEST PCPN DRIEST SNOW LEAST 19 March 25, 1894 11 March 24, 1940 0.00 April 20, 2014 * 0.0 April 20, 2014 * 23 March 24, 1940 13 March 25, 1894 T March 31, 2013 * T April 8, 2007 * 28 March 30, 1975 18 March 29, 1964 * 0.01 March 31, 2002 * 0.1 March 26, 1978 *.

Question 2 Easter Climate Data for Chicago - weather.gov670 × 454Se.pdf

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Make a SPLEEN specimen preparation protocol transmission electron.pdf

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Michelle gets a cup of coffee and a muffin every day. She picks a coffee shop at random and independently of her choices on other days. The average price for a cup of coffee is $1.45 with a standard deviation of $.30 and the average price of a muffin is $2.65 with a standard deviation of $.10 and the two prices are independent of each other at each coffee shop. What is the standard deviation of the amount she spends on breakfast weekly (7 days)? Solution.

Michelle gets a cup of coffee and a muffin every day. She picks a co.pdf

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7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Hormone binding to nuclear receptors induces their movement from the nucleus to the nucleolus in order to promote rDNA transcription. b. Activation domains across eukaryotic species are often rich in basic amino acid residues. c. The sequence and structure of the linkages between activator and DNA-binding domains in transcriptional activator proteins are keys for their function. d. Multiple types of activation domains are activated by the binding of other molecules such as co-activators and ligands. Solution The sequence and structure of the linkages between activator and DNA-binding domains in transcriptional activator proteins are keys for their function.

7. Which of the following statements is truea. Hormone binding to.pdf

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JUST DO QUESTION 8 When you are preparing a budget where could you gather information and data from? How could you estimate parameters for your budget? What are the four stages involved in developing a budget? List and describe the 4 most common budgeting approaches. You have discussed with the human resource manager the new budget. Why is it now important that you incorporate their suggestions and make the modifications to the budget promptly? What types of resources could be allocated in a budget? To ensure effective monitoring and reporting of budgets what do you need to do? What are the key processes to effectively manage approved budgets? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Solution SOME KEY PROCESSES ARE- 1)-THE FIRST STEP OF MANAGING STARTS WITH PLANNING.HENCE THERE SHOULD BE A PROPER PLAN FROM BEFORE TO EFFECTIVELY MANAGE BUDGETS.THE PLAN WILL CONTAIN VARIOUS ACTIONS AND STEPS FOR EFFECTIVE MANANGEMENT. 2)-THE REPECTIVE BUDGET VARIANCES SHOULD BE ANALYSED FROM TIME TO TIME IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT BUDGET MADE ULTIMATELY MEETS THE ORGANISATION OBJECTIVES ON TIME. 3)-THE BUDGET PLANNED OR MADE SHOULD BE REVIEWED AT REGULAR INTERVALS IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT IT IS MEETING ORGANISATION GOALS AND ANY REQUIRED MODIFICATIONS ARE UPDATED ON TIMELY BASIS SO THAT AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF BUDGET REMAINS IN PL.

JUST DO QUESTION 8 When you are preparing a budget where could you g.pdf

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Information about Ebola is provided on the following pages. After studying this information, outline the chain of infection by identifying the reservoir(s), portal(s) of exit, mode(s) of transmission, portal(s) of entry, and factors in host susceptibility. Reservoirs: Portals of exit: Modes of transmission: Portals of entry: Factors in host susceptibility: Solution Still the natural reservoir of Ebola remains not identified and confirm but basis of evidence suggest that bats are the most likely reservoir. Ebola exit from its reservoir through contact with body fluids to an infected animal. Viral particles can be identified in all kind of body fluids suh as blood, tears, saliva, sputum, breast milk, diarrhea, vomit, urine, sweat and oil glands of the skin, and semen. therefore transmission occurs by contact of skin or mucus membranes with the body fluids of an infected person. Virus ebola enters the body via breaks in the skin which have splashes on skin or mucus membranes. Ebola finds its host cell via target on cell that is glycoproteins which helps absorption of the virus. Once it is entered cell it uncoats and replicating. It initially targets monocytes/macrophages that respond to the site of infection later via flow it goes to lymph nodes and then the liver and spleen. It then spreads throughout the body producing a cytotoxic effect in all infected cells..

Information about Ebola is provided on the following pages. After st.pdf

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Is Athletes foot an opportunistic infection, a nosocomial infection or a community acquired infection? (explain your logic) Solution Athletes foot is a community acquired infection as the source of the fungi is usually present in areas such as locker rooms and swimming pools. These are caused by molds and the ailment can be passed on either by direct contact or even by indirect contact such as when the dead skin falls down. If the fungus has spread to pets then it passes to people who pet them and hence making it a community acquired infection..

Is Athletes foot an opportunistic infection, a nosocomial infection .pdf

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In addition to the extracts and the plasmid DNA, are there any additional materials you should add to this in vitro replication system? Explain your answer Which of the following statements is true with respect to this in vitro replication system? There will be only one leading strand and one lagging strand produced using this template. The leading and lagging strands compose one half of each newly synthesized DNA stand. The DNA replication machinery can assemble at multiple places on this plasmid. One daughter DNA molecule will be slightly shorter than the other. You decide to use different bacterial strains (each having one protein of the replication machinery mutated in order to examine the role of individual proteins in the normal process of DNA replication. What part of the DNA replication process would be most directly affected if a strain of bacteria lacking primase used to make the cell extracts? initiation of DNA synthesis Okazaki fragment synthesis leading-strand elongation lagging-strand completion Solution 11.Taq polymerase, a heat resistant DNA polymerase, so that it can remain intact during the DNA denaturation process. Two primers Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs, sometimes called \"deoxynucleotide triphosphates\"; nucleotides containing triphosphate groups), building-blocks of the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand. Buffer medium, providing a suitable chemical environment for optimum activity and stability of the DNA polymerase Bivalent cations, magnesium or manganese ions; generally Mg2+ is used, but Mn2+ can be used for PCR-mediated DNA mutagenesis, as higher Mn2+ concentration increases the error rate during DNA synthesis. Monovalent cation potassium ions are needed for invitro DNA replication. 12. The answer is A. There will be only one leading strand aand one lagging strand producced using this template. 13. 13. Initiation of DNA syntheis. Primer, The Starter, is a product of Primase.

In addition to the extracts and the plasmid DNA, are there any additi.pdf

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I would like to know if my answers are correct. the questions is at the bottom of the pictures Quaternary Mesozoic Tertiary Paleozoic 100 Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Pennsylvanian iso Mississippian Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian Select the letter that best represents the time period of the first living organisms: Solution Considering the evolutionary history of organisms, the most primitive organisms were single cellular prokaryotes. These organisms appeared in the archean time near the paleozoic era. On the contrary, cenozoic era was predominantly occupied by mammals hence it is,also called the age of mammals. Importantly, the second question asking the diversification time of mammals or hominids will be answered as cenozoic and all tge eras after it because post cenozoic era, mammals especially hominids excelled on earth. Hence, the correct answer is paleozoic era, not cenozoic era..

I would like to know if my answers are correct. the questions is at .pdf

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In 1987 all of the California condors living in the wild were captured. The total population was around 27 individuals at this time. Many groups of scientists and ecologists worked together to begin a captive breeding program to help this bird recover in the wild. In 1991 scientists started to release captive-bred condors back out into the wild. By 2011 there were 205 condors living in the wild. This program cost over 35 million dollars. Do you think this money is well spent? Support your answer with your reasoning. Solution yes, this money is spent the producing of captive- bres condors is more.so, more time and cost.

In 1987 all of the California condors living in the wild were capture.pdf

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Humans and nonhuman primates share a suite of traits, including grasping hands and binocular vision, so their last common ancestor must have also shared this suite of traits. These traits in humans and nonhuman primates is therefore an example of a. recombination. b. balancing selection. c. homology. d. analogy. Solution The similar traits between human and nonhuman primates is an example of homology. Homology is shared ancestory between structures or genes different taxa groups. Similarity is an evidence that they diverged from common ancester. These structures adapt to different functions for different purposes..

Humans and nonhuman primates share a suite of traits, including gras.pdf

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Graphs A and B despite two ways of determining how molecules (in this case, molecules (X, Y, Z) can gain entry into a cell: Increase the extracellular concentration (Co) of the molecule and measure flux and keep Co constant and measure the intracellular concentration (Ci) of the molecule over time until equilibrium is reached. Which of the molecules enters by facilitated diffusion? explain? Which molecule enters by active transport? explain? Solution Answer (A) In graph A, transport of molecule Z does not show saturation, which is consistent with diffusion. Answer (B) In graph A, the rate of transport (flux) of molecules X and Y saturate, which is consistent with mediated transport (facilitated diffusion). Answer (C) In graph B, molecules X and Z reach equilibrium (Ci>Co) indicating active transport. For further read the theory of simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. DIFFUSION Diffusion is the movement of molecules from one location to another by random thermal motion. The net flux between two compartments always proceeds from higher to lower concentration of the diffusing substance. Diffusion equilibrium is reached when the concentrations in the two compartments become equal, resulting in zero net flux. The magnitude of the net flux F across a plasma membrane is directly proportional to the concentration difference across the membrane C - C, the surface area of the membrane A, and the membrane permeability constant k. Non-polar molecules diffuse through the lipid portions of membranes much more rapidly than do polar or ionized molecules because nonpolar molecules can dissolve in the non-polar lipids in the membrane. Mineral ions diffuse across membranes by passing through ion channels formed by integral membrane proteins. The net diffusion of ions across a membrane depends on both the concentration gradient and the membrane potential. The flux of ions across a membrane can be altered by opening or closing ion channels. MEDIATED-TRANSPORT SYSTEMS The mediated transport of molecules or ions across a membrane involves binding of the transported solute to a transporter in the membrane. Changes in the conformation of the transporter move the binding site to the opposite side of the membrane, where the solute dissociates from the protein. The binding sites on transporters exhibit chemical specificity, affinity and saturation. The magnitude of the flux through a mediated-transport system depends on the degree of transporter saturation, the number of transporters in the membrane, and the rate at which the conformational change in the transporter occurs. Facilitated diffusion is a mediated-transport process that moves molecules from higher to lower concentration across a membrane by means of a transporter until the two concentrations become equal. Metabolic energy is not required for this process. Active transport is a mediated-transport process that moves molecules against an electro- chemical difference across a membrane by means of a transp.

Graphs A and B despite two ways of determining how molecules (in this.pdf

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