The title and subtitle (in parentheses) of our 15th book in Portuguese are presented above. The title states that humanity is threatened and that the book outlines the strategies necessary for its survival. The subtitle reinforces the title by pointing out that this book aims to inform how to save humanity from the threats to its extinction.

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THREATENED HUMANITY AND STRATEGIES FOR ITS SURVIVAL (How to
save humanity from the threats to its extinction)
Fernando Alcoforado*
The title and subtitle (in parentheses) of our 15th book in Portuguese are presented above.
The title states that humanity is threatened and that the book outlines the strategies
necessary for its survival. The subtitle reinforces the title by pointing out that this book
aims to inform how to save humanity from the threats to its extinction.
This book has the following summary:
Presentation
1. How to save humanity from future pandemics
2. How to save humanity from social, economic, environmental devastation and wars in
the 21st century
3. How to save humanity from natural disasters caused by earthquakes, tsunamis and
volcano eruptions
4. How to save humanity from the collision on planet Earth of bodies coming from outer
space
5. How to save humanity from the emission of cosmic rays
6. How to save humanity from the consequences of the continuous increase in the distance
from Earth to the Moon
7. How to save humanity with the death of the Sun and the collision of the Andromeda
and Milky Way galaxies
8. How to save humanity with the end of the Universe
9. Fundamental strategies for the survival of humanity
10. Conclusions
The Presentation of the book is as follows:
There are countless threats to the survival of humanity today and in the future in the short,
medium and long term. These threats concern pandemics, economic, social,
environmental and wars devastation in the 21st century, natural catastrophes resulting
from earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions, collision on the planet Earth of
asteroids, comets or pieces of comets, planets in the solar system and orphaned planets
that roam outer space, emission of cosmic rays, catastrophic consequences resulting from
the Moon's increase of distance from Earth, death of the Sun, collision of the Andromeda
and Milky Way galaxies and the end of the Universe. All of these catastrophic events,
which may occur in the short, medium and long term, can contribute to humanity being
driven to its extinction as a species.
The purpose of this book is to analyze each of the current and future threats described
above against the survival of humanity and to propose strategies that contribute to their
neutralization or overcoming. The first 8 chapters of this book analyze the threats
described above against humans and then outline the strategies necessary for their
survival. Chapter 9 highlights the fundamental strategies to be adopted without which

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there will be no success in the effort to save humanity from the threats to its survival and
Chapter 10 presents the summary of the conclusions of this book.
In Chapter 1 (How to save humanity from future pandemics), the largest pandemics
throughout history were analyzed, such as bubonic plague (1333), cholera (1817),
tuberculosis (1850), smallpox (1896), influenza Spanish (1918), HIV (1980), H1N1
swine flu (2009) and coronavirus (2019) and their consequences, as well as the causes of
pandemics were pointed out and the necessary strategies to avoid them in the future were
presented.
In Chapter 2 (How to save humanity from social, economic, environmental devastation
and wars in the 21st century), the economic, social and environmental damage produced
by capitalism were analyzed, the consequences of the end of capitalism in the middle of
the 21st century, the worsening of conflicts in international relations, which could lead
the world to face a multiplicity of localized wars and even a new world war in the 21st
century, which made it possible to outline the strategies necessary to face these
devastating crises that threaten the future of humanity .
In Chapter 3 (How to save humanity from natural disasters caused by earthquakes,
tsunamis and volcano eruptions), the causes of earthquakes, tsunamis and volcano
eruptions resulting from the movement of tectonic plates, which have contributed to the
occurrence of deaths from populations and destruction of buildings and infrastructures in
many countries, and the experience gained in dealing with these catastrophic events in
the past were analyzed to present strategies aimed at their prevention, as well as those
necessary to save humanity by promoting the flight of human beings to habitable places
in the solar system if it's necessary.
In Chapter 4 (How to save humanity from the collision on planet Earth of bodies coming
from outer space), celestial bodies were analyzed as asteroids, comets or pieces of comets,
planets of the solar system and orphaned planets that wander in outer space that threaten
to collide with the Earth in order to present strategies to be adopted to avoid its collision
with the Earth and, also, to save the humanity promoting the flight of human beings to
habitable places in the solar system if necessary. The collision with planet Earth of these
celestial bodies with the potential to annihilate humanity and all living beings completely
is requiring the adoption of strategies that contribute to save humanity.
In Chapter 5 (How to save humanity from the emission of cosmic rays), the various
sources of emission of cosmic rays were analyzed, especially the gamma rays emitted by
supernova stars, which have the power to annihilate life on Earth, radiation and coronal
mass of the Sun and cosmic rays to assess its consequences on human beings on Earth
and in space travel and propose the adoption of strategies aimed at the protection of
human beings and alternatives for the escape of human beings to habitable places in the
solar system to save humanity if necessary.
In Chapter 6 (How to save humanity from the consequences of the continuous increase in
the distance from Earth to the Moon), the impacts on Earth's climate and on humans from
the catastrophic environmental consequences related to the continuous increase in the
distance from Earth to the Moon were analyzed, as well as alternatives for escaping
humans to habitable places in the solar system if necessary were studied. As the Earth
and the Moon are united by a strong gravitational bond and affect each other, the Moon's
continuous increase in the distance from Earth will affect human beings and the climate
on the planet in a catastrophic way that will require the adoption of relevant strategies to
save humanity.

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In Chapter 7 (How to save mankind with the death of the Sun and the collision of the
Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies), the evolution of the Sun until its end and the
collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies were analyzed and the alternatives
of humans to escape to habitable places in other star systems and galaxies were studied
in order to formulate escape strategies from humans to save humanity before the death of
the Sun and the collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies.
In Chapter 8 (How to save humanity with the end of the Universe), the scenarios related
to the destiny of the Universe, the possibility of the existence of parallel universes and
the development of the final theory or theory of everything, that is, of the theory of unified
field to present possible strategies for humanity to seek its survival with the end of the
Universe in which we live.
In Chapter 9 (Fundamental strategies for the survival of humanity) presented the
fundamental strategies for the survival of humanity identified in the previous chapters
that concern the imperative of scientific and technological advancement, the increase of
the biological capacity of human beings and the constitution of a world government. All
of these fundamental strategies are part of the necessary solution to face all threats to
human survival in the short, medium and long term. Without them, humanity will
succumb to the enormous threats to its survival.
In Chapter 10 (Conclusions), it was presented a synthesis of the main conclusions of the
previous chapters related to the strategies to be adopted aiming to save humanity from
each of the identified threats, as well as they were presented the fundamental strategies
related to scientific and technological advancement, to the increase of biological capacity
of human beings and the establishment of a world government.
In the preparation of this book, a vast literature was consulted on the threats to the survival
of humanity, whether those resulting from political, economic, social, environmental
problems and international relations caused by human beings in their activities, or by
natural disasters caused by planet Earth, and also, for the threats coming from outer space.
This book seeks to draw the attention of governments and the population in general to the
need for governments to mobilize in order to provide each country and the planet as a
whole with advanced systems of science and technology, to increase the biological
capacity of human beings so that be able to survive each threat and constitute a global
governance capable of coordinating the actions that contribute to save humanity from all
the threats that exist within the planet Earth and those coming from outer space.
* Fernando Alcoforado, 81, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System,
member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional
Development by the University of Barcelona, university professor and consultant in the areas of
strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is author of the
books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem
Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os
condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de
Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento (Editora
Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos Estratégicos
na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the Economic and Social
Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG,
Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica,
Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e combate
ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores
Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no
Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba,

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2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua
convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018, em co-autoria) and Como inventar o futuro
para mudar o mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019).