The document summarizes structures that pass through the foramen magnum, names four foramina in the skull, clarifies that the internal carotid artery does not pass through the foramen lacerum, discusses the blood supply of the brain which depends on branches from the dorsal aorta including the vertebral and internal carotid arteries, and lists the main cell types in the brain and central nervous system including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.

1. StructuresPassingThroughForamen Magnum
 1. Medulla oblongata
 2. Ascending parts of spinal accessory nerves
 3. Vertebral arteries
FourOpeningForamenNames
 Foramen Rotundum
 Foramen Ovale
 Foramen Spinosum
 Foramen Lacerum
InternalCarotid ArteryPassesThroughIn Foramen Lacerum
The internal carotid artery passes from the carotid canal in the base of the skull, emerging
and coursing superior to Foramen lacerum as it exits the carotid canal. The internal carotid
artery does not travel through Foramen lacerum.
Faisal Ahmed
B.H.M.S 4th Semester
Faisal Ahmed
B.H.M.S 4th Semester

2. BloodSupplyOf TheBrain
The Blood Supply of the Brain and Spinal Cord. The entire blood supply of the brain and spinal
cord depends on two sets of branches from the dorsal aorta. The vertebral arteries arise from
the subclavian arteries, and the internal carotid arteries are branches of the common carotid
arteries.
CellTypes/ Brain & CNS
 Neurons. The numbers of neurons varies extremly between species: the common fruit fly has
about 100.000 neurons, whereas it is estimated that the human brain has about 1014 (100
billion) neurons. ...
 Glia Cell Types
 Astrocytes. ...
 Oligodendrocytes. ...
 Microglia.
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