Sem 4th final

1. Khyber Medical University
1.Regarding the development of tongue:
a) The posterior third results from proliferation of mesenchyme of 2nd arch b) Lingual swellings are the
first indication of tongue development c) All muscles of tongue develop from mesoderm of pharyngeal
arches d) The anterior two-thirds of adult tongue is only formed by distal tongue buds (lingual swelling)
e) Vallate papillae are supplied by chorda tympani of facial nerve
2. The structure arising from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch is:
a) Tympanic cavity b) Inferior parathyroid gland c) Superior parathyroid gland d)Palatine tonsil e)
Thymus gland
3. All the following structures develop from 2nd pharyngeal arch, EXCEPT:
a) Stapedius b) Stylohyoid c) Stylopharyngeus d) Posterior belly of digastrics e) Muscles of
facial expression
4. Pharyngeal mucosa is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerves because it develops from the
a) first pharyngeal arch b) second pharyngeal arch. c) third pharyngeal arch. d) fourth pharyngeal arch.
5. What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?
a) The first pharyngeal arch b) The first and second pharyngeal arches c) The second pharyngeal arch
d) The second and third pharyngeal arches
6. Which of the following muscles are derived from the first brachial arch?
a) The muscles of mastication b) The muscles of mastication and anterior belly of digastrics c) The
muscles of mastication and anterior and posterior bellies of digastric
d) The muscles of mastication, anterior and posterior bellies of digastric and geniohyoid
7. In craniofacial development, paraxial mesoderm contributes to which of the following?
A. occipital bone B. muscles of the tongue C. extraocular muscles D. NONE of the above E.
ALL of the above
8. The thyroid gland is derived primarily from the:
A. 1st pharyngeal pouch. B. 2nd pharngeal pouch. C. ventral portion of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
D. dorsal portion of the 4th pharyngeal pouch. E. foramen cecum at the base of the tongue.
9. During vascular development, the hepatic portal venous system arises from:
A .posterior cardinal veins. B.umbilical veins C.vitelline veins. D.subcardinal veins. e. supracardinal veins.
10. The period of lung development in which NO respiratory bronchioles or alveoli have yet formed is known as
the:
a. pseudoglandular period b. canalicular period c. terminal sac period d .alveolar period
11. The period of lung development in which surfactant production begins (but is not necessarily sufficient to
prevent airway collapse) is known as the:
a. pseudoglandular period b. canalicular period c. terminal sac period d.alveolar period
12. The skeletal muscle of the diaphragm is derived primarily from:
a. myoblasts from thoracic somites b. myoblasts from cervical somites c. vagal neural crest cells d.
cervical neural crest cells e. thoracic neural crest cells
13. The smooth muscle in the wall of the respiratory tract is derived from:
a. foregut endoderm b. splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm c. somatic mesoderm d. intermediate
mesoderm e. neural crest
14. Which of the following is NOT derived at least in part from the midgut?
a. lung b. duodenum c. jejunum d. ileum e. transverse colon
15. The greater omentum is derived from the:
a. dorsal mesentery of the colon b. dorsal mesentery of the small intestine c. ventral mesentery of the liver

2. d. dorsal mesentery of the stomach e. ventral mesentery of the stomach
16. The bladder (except the trigone) is derived from tissue associated with the:
a. metanephric blastema b. mesonephric ducts c. paramesonephric ducts d. cloaca / urogenital sinus
17. The glomeruli of the kidney are derived from the:
a. ureteric bud b.metanephric blastema c.paramesonephric ducts d. mesonephric ducts
18. The ductus deferens is derived from the:
a. ureteric bud b.metanephric blastema c. paramesonephric ducts d.mesonephric ducts
19. The collecting tubules of the kidney are derived from the:
a.ureteric bud b.metanephric blastema c.mesonephric ducts d.paramesonephric ducts
20. Which of the following is composed of loose connective tissue?
a. Epidermis b. Reticular layer of dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a & b e. Both b & c
21. Which of the following is composed of stratified squamous epithelium?
a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a and b e. Both b and c
22. What are the supporting cells in the central nervous system called?
a. Schwann cells b. Basket cells c. Ganglion d. Neuroglia e. Satellite cells
23. What is the cell body of a neuron called?
a. Ganglion b. Perikaryon c. Astrocyte d. Nissl
24. What is another term for lymphatic nodules?
a. Lymph follicles b. White pulp c. Peyer's patches d. Lymph node
25. Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
a. Destruction of red blood cells b. Lymphocyte production c. Storage of blood d. Fetal blood cell
formation e. All of the above are functions of the spleen
26. What are the large aggregates of lymphatic tissue in the ileum?
a. Lymph follicles b. White pulp c. Peyer's patches d. Lymph node e. Diffuse lymphatic tissue
27. What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?
a. Compact bone b. Spongy bone c. Hyaline cartilage d. Fibrocartilage e. Elastic cartilage
28. Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?
a. Bronchi b. Alveolar ducts c. Alveoli d. Alveolar sacs e. Respiratory bronchioles
29. Which cells secrete pepsinogen?
a. Parietal cells b. Oxyntic cells c. Chief cells d. Mucous neck cells e. Both a and b
30. Which layer contains Meissner's plexus?
a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
31. Where are Brunner's glands located?
a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Rectum
32. What covers the visible portion of a tooth ?
a. Pulp cavity b. Dentin c. Dental pulp d. Cementum e. Enamel
33. What are the finger like projections of mucosa that are seen in the small intestine?
a. Lacteal b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn c. Plicae circulars d. Striated border e. Villi
34. What is the glomerulus?
a. Afferent arteriole b. Efferent arteriole c. Capillary tuft d. Peritubular capillaries
35. Approximately how many nephrons are there in each kidney?
a. 1,000 b. 10,000 c. 100,000 d. 1,000,000

3. 36. What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus?
a. Glomerulus b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle
37. What connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus?
a. Pars intermedia b. Pars tuberalis c. Infundibulum d. Adenohypophysis
38. Which gland secretes calcitonin?
a. Pancreas b. Thyroid c. Pineal gland d. Adrenal gland (cortex)
39. What are the cells of the pineal gland called?
a. Follicular cells b. Parafollicular cells c. Pinealocytes d. P cells
40. Where is the ciliary muscle located?
a. Ciliary body b. Optic disc c. Fovea centralis d. Lamina vitrea
41. Which of the following is another name for cranial nerve IX?
A. Trochlear B. Vestibulocochlear C. Hypoglossal D. Glosspharyngeal
42. Which one of the following structures is NOT found in the central nervous system?
A. Spinal cord B. Thalamus C. Pons D. Basal ganglia E. Dorsal root ganglia
43.Parkinsonism includes combination of the following:
a. tremor, bradykinesia & muscles rigidity b.paresis, anesthesia & muscles spasticity c.chorea & muscles
hypotonia d.tremor, ataxia & muscles hypotonia
44. The Broca’s area is located in the lobe:
a.frontal b .arietal c. temporal d. occipital
45. Below cerebellum is
a. hypothalamus b. pituitary gland c. Medulla Oblongata d.Midbrain
46. Neurons
a. make up nervous tissue b. differ in size c. differ in shapes d. all of these
47. At intervals, along length, spinal cord
a. has myelin sheath b. has grey matter c. gives off spinal nerves d. branches off into dendrites
48. Spinal nerves emerge from the
a. vertebral column b .spinal cord c. Medulla Oblongata d. all of these
49. Pairs of spinal nerves in man can be as many as
a. b. c. d.
50. Function of spinal nerves is to
a. transmit impulses from receptors to motor neurons b. transmit impulses from receptors to forebrain
c. transmit impulses from receptors to spinal cord d. catch any stimulus
51. Which portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?
a. medulla oblongata b. midbrain c. pons d. thalamus
52. Which is NOT a part of the brainstem?
a. medulla oblongata b. midbrain c. pons d. thalamus
53. Which of the following brain regions does NOT belong with the others?
a. medulla oblongata b. midbrain c. pons d. thalamus
54. Another term for "midbrain" is
a. pons. B. mesencephalon. c. cerebrum. d. cerebellum
55. Which of the following is (are) NOT a major part of the cerebellum?
a. tegmentum b. flocculonodular lobe c. vermis d. lateral hemispheres

4. 56. hich of the following is the largest feature of the diencephalon?
a. thalamus b. subthalamus c. epithalamus d. hypothalamus
57, Which of the following is NOT a part of the diencephalons?
a. hypothalamus b. pineal gland c. pons d. thalamus
58. The stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary is the
a. corpus callosum. B. infundibulum. C. insula. D. intermediate mass.
59. The _______ comprises the bulk of the mature adult brain.
a. cerebellum b. cerebrum c. medulla oblongata d. pons
60. What lobe of the cerebrum is located deep within the lateral sulcus?
a. frontal b. insula c. parietal d. temporal
61. A ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebrum is called a
A. ganglion b. gyrus c. lobe d. sulcus
62. Which of the following is a space within the brain that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid?
a. dural sinus b. subarachnoid space c. subdural space d. ventricle
63. The central nervous system develops from the embryonic
a. neural plate. B. forebrain. C. hindbrain. D. midbrain.
64. The embryonic forebrain gives rise to the
a. cerebrum and cerebellum b. cerebrum and midbrain c. cerebrum and diencephalon d.
cerebellum and diencephalon
65. There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves.
a. 12 b.21 c. 31 d. 43
66. The palatine processes begin to fuse at
a) six weeks post-fertilization. b) eight weeks post-fertilization. c) ten weeks post-fertilization.
d) twelve weeks post-fertilization.
67. bone forming cells
a. osteoblasts b. mesoderm divisions and derivatives c. chondroblasts
68. The nervous system develops from the ____________
A. ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm D) portions of all of the above
69. The most common site of a thyroglossal cyst is the
a. Dorsal aspect of neck b. Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle c. Superior mediastinum
d. Midline close to the hyoid bone
70. The cochlear duct contains the spiral organ of Corti and is derived from which of the following?
a. Both ectoderm and mesoderm b. Neural crest c. Endoderm d .Mesoderm e. Ectoderm
71. he middle ear cavity
a. Is of mesodermal origin b. Develops from pharyngeal pouch 1 c. Develops from pharyngeal arch 1
d. Develops from pharyngeal arch 2
72. Pharyngeal groove 1 gives rise to the
a. Internal auditory meatus b. External auditory meatus c. Eustachian tube d. Cervical sinus
73,. The surface ectoderm gives rise to which of the following structures?
a. Dilator pupillae muscle b. Retina c .Lens d. Sclera
74. The hyaloid canal is found in the
a. Vitreous body b.Choroid c. Optic stalk d. Ciliary body