1. CASE STUDY
JA - 303
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL
MUHAMAD AZROL BIN
JAAFAR
06DAD13F2036
RAZARUDIN BIN TOKIRAN 06DAD13F2032
NOR AMIRRUDDIN HAFIZ BIN
NORAZMAN
06DAD13F2042
MUHAMMAD AZRI BIN
MUKIDIN
06DAD13F2044
ANSWER 1 :
The central locking solenoid system is a magnetic system, which uses a ball of wire
which produces the magnetic field when an electric current is passed through the system.
This power can be enhanced and converted into energy to open/close the locks on the

2. central locking system.
The central locking control system is responsible for locking/unlocking all doors on the
vehicle, when the driver presses the button on the fob or key. Rather than the driver
having to manually lock/unlock each door individually, they can now do it at the press of
a button. Not only the doors but also the boot will open/lock when the button is pressed.
Mostly there will be a separate button for the boot or the driver will need to unlock the
boot from a button within the vehicle.
ANSWER 2 :
I)RESISTORS
-Resistor is used exclusively the ignition HT circuit, up to a maximum of about 20 KD
per lead. This has the effect of limiting the peak current, which in turn limits the peak
electromagnetism radiation.
-Providing excessive resistance is not used, these resistors effectively damp down the
interference waves.
ii)BONDING
-Bonding has been mentioned earlier,it is simply to ensure all parts of the vehicle are at
the electrical potential to prevent sparking due to the build - up of static.
iii)SCREENING
-Screening is generally only used for specialist applications such as emergency services
and the military. It involves completely enclosing the ignition system and other major
sources of noise, in a conductive screen, which is connected to the vehicle’s chassis earth.
-This prevents interference waves escaping;it is a very effective technique but expensive.
Often, a limited amount of screening - metal covers on the plugs for example - can used
to good effect.
ANSWER 3 :
AM RADIO FM RADIO
In AM, it is the amplitude of the
carrier wave that is made to vary so
that it will contain the information of
the signal
Frequency modulation is an method
of modulation in which the frequency
of a wave is varied in response to a
modulating wave

3. When the modulated wave reaches a
radio receiver tuned to the proper
frequency, it is demodulated,which is
essentially the opposite of
modulation
The wave in which frequency is
varied is called the carrier ,and the
modulating wave is called the signal
The set can then reproduce the
desired sound via an amplified and
the loudspeakers
Requires a higher- frequency carrier
wave and a more complex method
for transmitting information
The quality of reproduction is
relatively poor because of
interference from other stations and
other electrical signals, such as those
produced by lighting or by
electronic devices -of which the car
has more than its fair share
Important advantage in that it has
constant amplitude ; it is therefore
much less susceptible to interference
from both natural and artificial
sources
ANSWER 4 :
- A radio transmitter generates radio waves, which are the radiated from an
antenna/lighting up the airspace with radio waves.
- A target, such as an other vehicle,that is in this space scatters a small
portion of the radio energy back to a receiving antenna.
- This weak signal is amplified by an electronic amplifier and displayed,
often on a cathode ray tube.
- To determine its position, the distance (range) and bearing must be
measured.
- Because radio waves travel at a known constant velocity, the speed of light,
which is 3x 10^8 m/s