1. REMOTE CONTROLLED SOLAR AIR CRAFT
SYNOPSIS
Solar air craft Controlling System is our project, which deals with remote
operation. The circuit can be used to remotely control a solar air craft by using
Frequency Modulation. The control is done without any wire connection but be means of
radio waves, like FM remote control. The focus of this project is to enable ease in
operating different relays and gives emphasis on using FM waves. By means of our
modern project people feel easy to control different electrical and electronic gadgets
without their movement from one place to another. In our project is to control the rotation
of the motor and blade angles with the help of remote control. There are two 12 volt D.C
motors are used for this project. One is for rotation of blade and another one is for slope
diver. 12 Volt Battery is used to supply the power to the motor.
Solar energy means all the energy that reaches the earth from the sun. It provides
daylight makes the earth hot and is the source of energy for plants to grow. Solar energy
is also put to two types of use to help our lives directly solar heating and solar electricity.
Solar electricity is the technology of converting sunlight directly in to electricity. It is
based on photo-voltaic or solar modules, which are very reliable and do not require any
fuel or servicing. Solar electric systems are suitable for plenty of sun and are ideal when
there is no main electricity.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays remote control occupies various electronic sections by its comfortable
nature. Remote control copies the device and the control panel with no wire but radio
waves. This reduces the need to reach your device every time to “ON” or “OFF” that
device. This project allows operating ten different devices like fan, light and all other
electronic items.

2. By simply sitting at one place different tasks can be controlled using this modern
project. Since this system used radio waves the devices even when the user is hidden
from the devices by obstacles the devices can be activated due to its comparative large
operating range.
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION
TRANSMITTER
KEY BOARD
ANTENNA
UM FM
91215 TRANSMITTER
B
DESCRIPTION
The message to be communicated has to be first converted into an electrical signal
by the help of a suitable transducer. The electrical signal so obtained has to be suitable
processed and amplified before being fed to the channel. The information signal called
the modulating signal is used to modulate a high frequency sine wave signal. The type of
modulation depends on the requirements. The carrier signal generated by the oscillator
goes to the RF output power amplifiers through the buffer and RF amplifiers. The RF
amplifier sends the signal containing all bands of frequencies.

3. RECEIVER
ANTENNA
FM
CD4013
RECEIVER CM8870 CD4067
DESCRIPTION
Practically all receivers today are super heterodyne. The RF amplifier is tuned to
the required incoming frequency. The output of the RFA is combined with the local
oscillator voltage and normally converted into a signal of lower fixed frequency. This IF
signal contains the same modulation as the original carrier. It is then amplified and
detected to obtain information.
A fixed frequency difference is maintained between the local oscillator and RF
frequency with the help of capacitance tuning IF stage consists of a number of
transformers which provides a large gain.
The characteristics of the IFA are kept independent of the frequency to which the
receiver is tuned, so that the sensitivity of the super heterodyne remains fairly uniform
throughout its tuning range. The various blocks of super heterodyne receiver is explained
as follows.

4. SOLAR AIR CRAFT CONTROLLING INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM:-
BATTERY D.C. MOTOR-1
(12 VOLTS) F.M. RECEIVER (BLADE
ROTATION)
SOLAR PANEL D.C.MOTOR-2
(SLOPE DIVER)
APLLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES
1. Using a single transmitter we can control many appliances like speed of the fan,
light switching adjusting the flame in a gas.
2. It is very economical.
3. As we said earlier it is easy to control the devices even when we are hidden from
the devices through a closed room or concrete wall.
4. So far in daily use, we have come across remote controls only for television and
Radios. This project enhances the used of a remote even in other electrical
appliances also.
5. Receiving problem is restricted.
6. This project provides another facility to control the speed of the fan by gradual
regulation.

5. LIMITATIONS
1. A wide range of frequencies cannot be tuned with the help of this remote control.
2. There is a possibility of heavy line fluctuations and disturbances to occur. In case
of TV or Radio, at certain times, the receiver will be liable to pick up the
disturbances such as sound of vehicles and other things.
3. It will not be possible to increase the range of channels.
4. Interruption in the frequency range is possible. The above statement states that, if
we have a frequency range say 10 MHz, 12MHz and so on, then there will be an
interruption in the middle frequencies like 11 MHz, 9 MHz etc.