3. Ejercicio: Lisa y Lee están organizando un picnic. Lee el diálogo y completa los espacios en
blanco con some o any
LEE: I have _________bread, but I don´t have _________butter.
LISA: We don´t have___________pepper, but we have_________salt.
LEE: My brother bought________paper plates, but he didn´t buy________paper cups.
LISA: Estelle didn´t find__________oranges, but she found________apples.
LEE: She didn´t bring________chocolate cake,but she brought_______cookies.
LISA: I made________sandwiches, but I didn´t have________lettuce.
LEE: We have_________tomatoes, but we don´t have________other vegetables.
LISA: Bring________forks and_________spoons.
LEE: Don´t bring_________knives; we don´t need____________.
4. Nota la combinación de some-, any- every-, y no- con - body y –one
Somebody = someone = alguien, alguno
Anybody = anyone = ninguno, nadie
Everybody = everyone = Todo el mundo, cada uno
Nobody = no one = nadie
5.
6. Nota la combinación de some-, any-; every-, y no- con -thing and –where
-thing
Something
Anything
Everything
nothing
-where
Somewhere
Anywhere
Everywhere
nowhere
Nota el significado de estos pronombres indefinidos
She is completely happy Ella es completamente feliz
She has everything. Ella lo tiene todo.
What does she need?
-Nothing.
-Nothing is a problem for her.
¿Qué necesita?
-Nada.
-Nada es un problema para ella.
I lost my pen. Perdí mi lapicero.
I saw it somewhere. Lo vi en algún lugar.
I looked for it everywhere. Lo busqué por todas partes.
I couldn´t find it anywhere. No podía encontrarlo en ningún lugar..
Anything se usa como objeto de una oración negativa.
Nothing generalmente se usa como sujeto de una oración o como la única palabra en una respuesta.
Not no se usa con otra palabras negativas
8. Comparación con -the same … as, y -as … as:
Usa the same … as con sustantivos.
Usa as … as con adjetivos
9. Ejercicio: Lee las oraciones y completa con the same o as.
Ejemplo:
Is your suitcase the same kind as mine?
Yes. But it´s not the same color as yours.
1. Is this airport ____________big as the other one?
Yes. But it´s not ____________ modern as the other one.
2. Is this plane ____________ size as that one?
No. It´s not ____________wide as that one.
3. Is that airline ____________ good as this one?
No. It´s not _____________convenient as this one.
4. Is my ticket _______________ expensive as yours?
Yes. But it´s not for ____________flight as mine.
10. Formas comparativas de los adjetivos con -more … than:
Usa more … than generalmente con adjetivos de 2
o más silabas excepto con adjetivos terminados en –y.
11. Comparativos de adjetivos con –er + than:
Para formar las formas comparativas de los adjetivos de una silaba y los adjetivos de 2 silabas que terminan en –y , se
añade –er + than.:
Añade –er a los adjetivos de 1 silaba terminados en una consonante: tall – taller.
Añade –r a los adjetivos de una silaba terminados en e: large – larger.
Dobla la consonante final en los adjetivos de una silaba , si la consonante está precedida una única vocal, añade –er:
big – bigger. ( los adjetivos terminados en w no siguen esta regla: low – lower, new – newer).
Cambia la y por i y añade –er a los adjetivos de 2 silabas terminados en y precedidos de una consonante: easy – easier.
13. ¿Cómo cambiar algunos adjetivos a adverbios?
ADJETIVE ADVERB
soft softly
gentle gently
happy happily
The baby is sleeping. Please speak softly
When she wakes up, handle her gently.
Look at her brother. He´s playing happily
Si un adjetivo termina en consonante, añade –ly para formar el adverbio equivalente : soft – softly.
Si un adjetivo termina en –le, elimina la e y añade –y : gentle - gently.
Si un adjetivo termina en consonante + y, cambia la -y a -i y añade -ly : happy -happily.
No todos los adjetivos tienen adverbios equivalentes.
14. Observa los siguientes adverbios
Ciertos adverbios cortos, tales como: hard, fast, y late, tienen la misma forma que sus adjetivos
equivalentes.
Well es el adverbio para el adjetivo good.
Tanto slow y slowly son adverbios aceptables para el adjetivo slow.
15. Comparación de adverbios con more … than, … -er than:
Usa more … than con adverbios terminados en -ly.
Usa –er than con adverbios cortos (hard, fast, .etc).
16. Superlativos con the most … con adjetivos y adverbios:
o Usa the most … para superlativos de la mayoría de adjetivos y todos los adverbios
de dos o más sílabas.
18. Usa the … -est con adjetivos de una silaba y con adjetivos de dos silabas terminados en y.
cold coldest
happy happiest
Usa the … -est con adverbios cortos.
fast fastest
hard hardest
slow slowest
Las reglas de deletreo son las mismas de los superlativos de los adjetivos cortos y las de los adverbios
son las mismas que para las formas comparativas excepto que –est es añadido en lugar de -er
tall tallest
large lagest
busy busiest
big biggest
low lowest
19. Comparativos y Superlativos Irregulares
ADJETIVO / ADVERBIO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO
good / well better the best
bad / badly worse the worst
Better y the best son las formas comparativas y superlativas para good y well.
Worse y the worst son las formas comparativas y superlativas para bad y badly
20. Comparación con less y the least con adjetivos y adverbios:
The Lenox Hotel is less convenient than the Hotel Grant.
The Carlisle Hotel is the least convenient of the three
Miss De Sio paints less carefully than Miss Jones.
Mr. King paints the least carefully of the three.
Usa less para los comparativos de los adjetivos y adverbios de 2 o más sílabas.
Usa the least para los superlativos con adjetivos y adverbios de 2 o más sílabas.
24. A lot of puede ser usado con sustantivos contables y no contables, en
preguntas y en oraciones afirmativas y negativas.
Much solo puede ser usado con sustantivos no contables, en preguntas y no
puede ser usado en oraciones afirmativas.
Many puede ser usado con sustantivos contables, en preguntas y en
oraciones afirmativas y negativas.
25. As much…as y as many…as con sustantivos
Jhon needs two pieces of paper.
Glen needs two pieces of paper.
Laura needs one piece of paper
Glen needs as much paper as Jhon (does).
Laura doesn´t need as much paper as Jhon (does).
26. As much…as y as many…as con sustantivos
Fay has three pens.
Lou has three pens.
Leo has two pens.
Lou has as many pens as Fay (does).
Leo doesn´t have as many pens as Lou (does).
30. The most, the least, y the fewest con sustantivos.
Pedro made the most money.
He worked the most hours.
Juanita made the least money.
She worked the fewest hours.
31. As much as, more than, less than, the most, y the least.
Lou studied the most.
He studied more than the others.
Fay studied less than Lou.
But she studied as much as Pedro.
Ana studied the least.
Usa as much as, more than, less than, the most, y the least para comparaciones con
verbos.
32. Tourism was not always as important as it is today. In the past, only wealthy
people could travel on vacations to others countries. But more people travel today
than in the past because there is growing middle class in many parts of the world.
People now have more money for travel. Special airplane fares for tourists make
travel less expensive and more attractive than ever before.
One person does not travel for the same reason as another. But most people
enjoy seeing countries that are different from their own. They also like to meet new
people and try new foods.
Tourism causes many changes in a country and in people´s lives. People build
new hotels and restaurants and train men and women as tour guides to show
tourists interesting places. There are new nightclubs and other attractions to
entertain visitors.
International tourism is clearly a big business.
33. Answer the questions
1.Who could travel to other countries in the past?
2.Why do more people travel today than in the past?
3.What makes travel more attractive than ever before?
4.Do most people enjoy seeing countries different from their own?
5.What do they like to do when they travel?
6.What changes does torism cause?
7.Is international tourism a big business?
