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Numerical investigations on performance improvement of cross
flow hydro turbine having guide vane mechanism
Article in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects · March 2022
DOI: 10.1080/15567036.2022.2050963
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Gaurav Saini
Harcourt Butler Technical University Kanpur
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2. Numerical investigations on performance improvement of cross
flow hydro turbine having guide vane mechanism
Gaurav Saini a
, R. P. Sainib
, and S. K. Singalb
a
School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and
Technology, West Bengal, India; b
Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology,
Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 47667, India
ABSTRACT
Cross-flow turbine is one of the leading turbines to harness the hydro­
power potential in micro-hydro power schemes. In spite of having
a simple structure, low maintenance, and low initial investment, this
turbine suffers the problem of low efficiency due to unguided flow in
the runner cavity. In the present study, an attempt has been made to
enhance the performance of cross-flow turbine by attaching hydrofoils
shaped (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) guiding mechanism. The effec­
tiveness of the placement of guide vane was examined numerically in
terms of turbine efficiency and flow field distributions. The performance
of the modified turbine was compared with the turbine having no guide
vane. The position and placement angle of the guide vanes were also
investigated to find the suitable position of the guide vane in the runner
cavity. The turbine with symmetrical and unsymmetrical guide vane
yields its maximum efficiency corresponding to vane angle of 55° and
45°, respectively, placed at the ‘right’ position (toward nozzle) for both
types of guide vanes. The maximum efficiency of the turbine was
observed as 80.1% and 79.9% corresponding to symmetrical and unsym­
metrical guide vanes, respectively. Further, the flow field distribution
inside the turbine runner and in the vicinity of the guide vane has
been observed. It has been visualized that placement of the guide
vane minimizes the water recirculation with the streamlined flow for
smooth entry to the second stage of the runner. The reduction in
turbulence and vortices generation results in the improvement of turbine
efficiency for similar operating conditions.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received 6 October 2020
Revised 1 March 2022
Accepted 2 March 2022
KEYWORDS
Hydropower; micro hydro;
cross-flow turbine; turbine
efficiency; hydrofoil; guide
vane mechanism
Introduction
With the ever increasing demand of energy and for a safe and clean environment, the trends are now
shifting toward the renewable energy resources(Bansal and K 2001). Around the world, there has been
a great excitement to exploit and find the solutions with new and innovative renewable energy
extraction systems(Brunel 2021). India is endowed with lot of renewable energy sources viz. solar,
wind, geothermal, hydro, and biomass (Demirbaş 2006). Among all the renewable energy resources,
hydropower is a proven, predictable, and last long source of energy (Saini and Saini 2020a). Due to
large perennial rivers in hilly areas, water is usually available at different hydro potential sites
throughout the year (Kaygusuz 1999). These potential sites have been the source of renewable energy
for more than a century, leading to reduction in burning of fossil fuels which negatively impact the
ecology and environment (Bansal and K 2001).
*CONTACT Gaurav Saini gaurav161990@gmail.com School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian
Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
ENERGY SOURCES, PART A: RECOVERY, UTILIZATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
2022, VOL. 44, NO. 1, 771–795
https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2022.2050963
© 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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