In this study, the fossil fuel usage by-product is carbon dioxide, which is known as the primary cause in global warming. Alternatively, wind energy is a clean alternative energy source compared the fuel consumption can cause smoke pollution. The goal of the work is to develop a pollution controller device model Savonius wind turbine to represent the characterized actual speed wind turbine concepts into convert kinetic energy into electric energy from campus and monitoring all output data display on the cloud. The wind speed operation is enabled through the use of ESP8266 as internet of things (IoT) platform and the alternating current (AC) direct current (DC) harvesting circuit into improve stability of the wind energy performance. Secondly, a magnet coil synchronous generator is used, which is a grid coupled through a diode rectifier and voltage source converter. The parameters that have been measured using wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) module ESP8266 are considering wind speed, current, voltage and power. The wind speed with 7.8 MPH can produce a maximum output voltage and output current of 1.104 V and 4.321 µA, respectively. Blynk applications functional as role present performance monitoring kit wind turbine analysis with more precise and efficient in anywhere and anytime.
The Opportunity of Using Wind to Generate Power as a Renewable Energy:"Case o...IJERA Editor
The demand ofsustainable energy is increased daily by expanding our cities and creating new cities and suburbswith huge towers besides increasing in population,moreover the environment and human life is threatening by the pollutions resulted from energy generation. For this reason the researchersattracted todevelop renewable energy and explore its large benefits and unit capacity. Wind power is one of the clean renewable energy resources.Therefore the importance of implementing this resource in Kuwait draws our attention to make this research to emphasis on the technical and economic aspects due to acceptable environmental conditions. Whereas, in some areas of the world, such as in Japan, has some geographical and electrical restrictions such as power fluctuating for land wind generation. And the introductionof large amount of wind power generation tends to be extremely difficult and even impossible in some location. This research is aimed to concentrate on the visibility of utilizing the wind energy as complementary source for the existing steam and gas turbine power stations in Kuwait, furthermore point out the economical perspectives that will guide us to take the right decision. The location of wind farms is very important in this aspect where we cannot build such projects inside the cities between buildings besides meeting the minimum requirements for economic generation. The study prove to us that even at a location which is almost close to the inhabitants buildings ( Kuwait airport ) can get accepted results the historical data was collected from the weather station at internet. The implementation of wind turbine farms is foreseen to be economic in generation for long run and encouragestepping up toward putting the infrastructure design. Furthermoreit is an opportunity for creating new job vacancies.
CONTRIBUTEDP A P E RHigh-Power Wind EnergyConversion S.docxdonnajames55
CONTRIBUTED
P A P E R
High-Power Wind Energy
Conversion Systems:
State-of-the-Art and
Emerging Technologies
Wind energy installed capacity increased exponentially over the past three decades,
and has become a real alternative to increase renewable energy penetration
into the energy mix.
By Venkata Yaramasu, Member IEEE, Bin Wu, Fellow IEEE, Paresh C. Sen, Life Fellow IEEE,
Samir Kouro, Member IEEE, and Mehdi Narimani, Member IEEE
ABSTRACT | This paper presents a comprehensive study on the
state-of-the-art and emerging wind energy technologies from
the electrical engineering perspective. In an attempt to de-
crease cost of energy, increase the wind energy conversion
efficiency, reliability, power density, and comply with the strin-
gent grid codes, the electric generators and power electronic
converters have emerged in a rigorous manner. From the mar-
ket based survey, the most successful generator-converter
configurations are addressed along with few promising topol-
ogies available in the literature. The back-to-back connected
converters, passive generator-side converters, converters for
multiphase generators, and converters without intermediate
dc-link are investigated for high-power wind energy conver-
sion systems (WECS), and presented in low and medium voltage
category. The onshore and offshore wind farm configurations
are analyzed with respect to the series/parallel connection of
wind turbine ac/dc output terminals, and high voltage ac/dc
transmission. The fault-ride through compliance methods used
in the induction and synchronous generator based WECS are
also discussed. The past, present and future trends in megawatt
WECS are reviewed in terms of mechanical and electrical tech-
nologies, integration to power systems, and control theory. The
important survey results, and technical merits and demerits of
various WECS electrical systems are summarized by tables. The
list of current and future wind turbines are also provided along
with technical details.
KEYWORDS | ac-ac; ac-dc; dc-ac; dc-dc power conversion;
doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); fault-ride through (FRT);
grid codes; low voltage (LV); medium voltage (MV); multilevel
converters; permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG);
power electronics; squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG);
wind energy conversion systems (WECS); wind farms; wound
rotor induction generator (WRIG); wound rotor synchronous
generator (WRSG)
I . I N T R O D U C T I O N
Due to depleting fossil fuels and environmental concerns
about global warming, renewable energy sources have
emerged as a new paradigm to fulfill the energy needs of
our society. In recent years, electricity production from the
hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, tidal, wave and biomass
energy sources has come under increasing attention [1],
[2]. By 2012, the power production from renewable energy
sources worldwide exceeded 1470 gigawatt (GW) repre-
senting approximately 19% of global energy co.
Wind Energy Harvesting: Technological Advances and Environmental ImpactsChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Rajini K R Karduri, "Wind Energy Harvesting: Technological Advances
and Environmental Impacts", International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST), Volume 6,Issue 2,February 2020,pp:77-84
The Opportunity of Using Wind to Generate Power as a Renewable Energy:"Case o...IJERA Editor
The demand ofsustainable energy is increased daily by expanding our cities and creating new cities and suburbswith huge towers besides increasing in population,moreover the environment and human life is threatening by the pollutions resulted from energy generation. For this reason the researchersattracted todevelop renewable energy and explore its large benefits and unit capacity. Wind power is one of the clean renewable energy resources.Therefore the importance of implementing this resource in Kuwait draws our attention to make this research to emphasis on the technical and economic aspects due to acceptable environmental conditions. Whereas, in some areas of the world, such as in Japan, has some geographical and electrical restrictions such as power fluctuating for land wind generation. And the introductionof large amount of wind power generation tends to be extremely difficult and even impossible in some location. This research is aimed to concentrate on the visibility of utilizing the wind energy as complementary source for the existing steam and gas turbine power stations in Kuwait, furthermore point out the economical perspectives that will guide us to take the right decision. The location of wind farms is very important in this aspect where we cannot build such projects inside the cities between buildings besides meeting the minimum requirements for economic generation. The study prove to us that even at a location which is almost close to the inhabitants buildings ( Kuwait airport ) can get accepted results the historical data was collected from the weather station at internet. The implementation of wind turbine farms is foreseen to be economic in generation for long run and encouragestepping up toward putting the infrastructure design. Furthermoreit is an opportunity for creating new job vacancies.
CONTRIBUTEDP A P E RHigh-Power Wind EnergyConversion S.docxdonnajames55
CONTRIBUTED
P A P E R
High-Power Wind Energy
Conversion Systems:
State-of-the-Art and
Emerging Technologies
Wind energy installed capacity increased exponentially over the past three decades,
and has become a real alternative to increase renewable energy penetration
into the energy mix.
By Venkata Yaramasu, Member IEEE, Bin Wu, Fellow IEEE, Paresh C. Sen, Life Fellow IEEE,
Samir Kouro, Member IEEE, and Mehdi Narimani, Member IEEE
ABSTRACT | This paper presents a comprehensive study on the
state-of-the-art and emerging wind energy technologies from
the electrical engineering perspective. In an attempt to de-
crease cost of energy, increase the wind energy conversion
efficiency, reliability, power density, and comply with the strin-
gent grid codes, the electric generators and power electronic
converters have emerged in a rigorous manner. From the mar-
ket based survey, the most successful generator-converter
configurations are addressed along with few promising topol-
ogies available in the literature. The back-to-back connected
converters, passive generator-side converters, converters for
multiphase generators, and converters without intermediate
dc-link are investigated for high-power wind energy conver-
sion systems (WECS), and presented in low and medium voltage
category. The onshore and offshore wind farm configurations
are analyzed with respect to the series/parallel connection of
wind turbine ac/dc output terminals, and high voltage ac/dc
transmission. The fault-ride through compliance methods used
in the induction and synchronous generator based WECS are
also discussed. The past, present and future trends in megawatt
WECS are reviewed in terms of mechanical and electrical tech-
nologies, integration to power systems, and control theory. The
important survey results, and technical merits and demerits of
various WECS electrical systems are summarized by tables. The
list of current and future wind turbines are also provided along
with technical details.
KEYWORDS | ac-ac; ac-dc; dc-ac; dc-dc power conversion;
doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); fault-ride through (FRT);
grid codes; low voltage (LV); medium voltage (MV); multilevel
converters; permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG);
power electronics; squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG);
wind energy conversion systems (WECS); wind farms; wound
rotor induction generator (WRIG); wound rotor synchronous
generator (WRSG)
I . I N T R O D U C T I O N
Due to depleting fossil fuels and environmental concerns
about global warming, renewable energy sources have
emerged as a new paradigm to fulfill the energy needs of
our society. In recent years, electricity production from the
hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, tidal, wave and biomass
energy sources has come under increasing attention [1],
[2]. By 2012, the power production from renewable energy
sources worldwide exceeded 1470 gigawatt (GW) repre-
senting approximately 19% of global energy co.
Wind Energy Harvesting: Technological Advances and Environmental ImpactsChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Rajini K R Karduri, "Wind Energy Harvesting: Technological Advances
and Environmental Impacts", International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST), Volume 6,Issue 2,February 2020,pp:77-84
Wind energy is playing a critical role in the establishment of an environmentally sustainable low carbon economy. This paper presents an overview of wind turbine generator technologies and compares their advantages and drawbacks used for wind energy utilization. Traditionally, DC machines, synchronous machines and squirrel-cage induction machines have been used for small scale power generation. For medium and large wind turbines (WTs), the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the dominant technology while permanent magnet (PM), switched reluctance and high temperature superconducting generators are all extensively researched and developed over the years. In this paper, the topologies and features of these machines are discussed with special attention given to their practical considerations involved in the design, control and operation. It is hoped that this paper provides quick reference guidelines for developing wind turbine generation systems.
A PROPOSAL FOR WIND-ENERGY CONVERSION FOR LOW WIND–SPEED AREAS OF INDIAIAEME Publication
This is the methodology to conversion of electricity through wind energy using convergent nozzle in low wind speed area. By the help of this process of conversion we convert low wind speed in sufficient power conversion with the use of nozzle. Then this maximizes the wind speed, that maximum wind speed rotate fan blade at useful speed level. And then sufficient amount of energy are produced
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Economic viability and profitability assessments of WECS IJECEIAES
Technical and technological advances in alternative energy sources have led many countries to add green energy to their power plants to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution. At present, many electricity companies are looking to use alternative sources of energy because of high electrical energy prices. Wind energy is more useful than many renewable energies such as solar, heat, biomass, etc. The Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is a system that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy to feed the known loads. WECS can be found in a variety of technology. Climate change and load demand are essential determinants of WECS optimization modelling. In this paper, proposed a strategy focused primarily on economic analysis WECS. The strategy based on a weather change to find the optimal designing and modelling for four different types of WECS using HOMER software. Finally, several criteria were used to determine which type of WECS was the most profitable investment and less payback period.
This paper aims to develop a wind energy harvesting system to charger an electronic device of 5V during traveling period from a place to another. Upon the situation faced by the two wheeler depending on the conventional power socket, this system was constructed to overcome the dependencies of power since the natural energy can be harvested to produce an electrical energy. The power storage unit system was done by integrating supercapacitor to storage the electrical energy hence an arduino microcontroller was been integrated with supercapacitor which able to display the percentage and voltage stored in the supercapacitor. The maximum speed of the geared DC generator is 1297 rpm and based on the testing carried out, it was observed that the maximum voltage produce at 1297 rpm able to produce 17V which sufficient to power up the entire system as it required 5.3V for operating. Besides, the system was converted into acrylic board since the system are to be implemented on two wheeler hence the acrylic board was design based on the conform ability of the user. In a nut shell, the functionality of the entire system was successfully achieved based on the objectives and overcoming the drawback from past research work.
A Hybrid Wind and Hydroelectric Power Production Systemijtsrd
The purpose main purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of electrification without grid in the Indian subcontinent. The electrical installation will be done with a mixed system that includes Small Hydropower using compensation for water flow, and wind power. Given the climate change that has been observed in regions around the world and believed to be due to the use of conventional energy sources, we must turn our attention to renewable energy sources that are conducive to the future. This paper presents research on the design and simulation of small wind hydro power. After execution, this experimental station will be used primarily to study the potential for hydropower plants to conserve wind power through hydro energy. Indra Pal Singh | Dr. Ravinder Kumar "A Hybrid Wind and Hydroelectric Power Production System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50175.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50175/a-hybrid-wind-and-hydroelectric-power-production-system/indra-pal-singh
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
More Related Content
Similar to Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment
Wind energy is playing a critical role in the establishment of an environmentally sustainable low carbon economy. This paper presents an overview of wind turbine generator technologies and compares their advantages and drawbacks used for wind energy utilization. Traditionally, DC machines, synchronous machines and squirrel-cage induction machines have been used for small scale power generation. For medium and large wind turbines (WTs), the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the dominant technology while permanent magnet (PM), switched reluctance and high temperature superconducting generators are all extensively researched and developed over the years. In this paper, the topologies and features of these machines are discussed with special attention given to their practical considerations involved in the design, control and operation. It is hoped that this paper provides quick reference guidelines for developing wind turbine generation systems.
A PROPOSAL FOR WIND-ENERGY CONVERSION FOR LOW WIND–SPEED AREAS OF INDIAIAEME Publication
This is the methodology to conversion of electricity through wind energy using convergent nozzle in low wind speed area. By the help of this process of conversion we convert low wind speed in sufficient power conversion with the use of nozzle. Then this maximizes the wind speed, that maximum wind speed rotate fan blade at useful speed level. And then sufficient amount of energy are produced
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Economic viability and profitability assessments of WECS IJECEIAES
Technical and technological advances in alternative energy sources have led many countries to add green energy to their power plants to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution. At present, many electricity companies are looking to use alternative sources of energy because of high electrical energy prices. Wind energy is more useful than many renewable energies such as solar, heat, biomass, etc. The Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is a system that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy to feed the known loads. WECS can be found in a variety of technology. Climate change and load demand are essential determinants of WECS optimization modelling. In this paper, proposed a strategy focused primarily on economic analysis WECS. The strategy based on a weather change to find the optimal designing and modelling for four different types of WECS using HOMER software. Finally, several criteria were used to determine which type of WECS was the most profitable investment and less payback period.
This paper aims to develop a wind energy harvesting system to charger an electronic device of 5V during traveling period from a place to another. Upon the situation faced by the two wheeler depending on the conventional power socket, this system was constructed to overcome the dependencies of power since the natural energy can be harvested to produce an electrical energy. The power storage unit system was done by integrating supercapacitor to storage the electrical energy hence an arduino microcontroller was been integrated with supercapacitor which able to display the percentage and voltage stored in the supercapacitor. The maximum speed of the geared DC generator is 1297 rpm and based on the testing carried out, it was observed that the maximum voltage produce at 1297 rpm able to produce 17V which sufficient to power up the entire system as it required 5.3V for operating. Besides, the system was converted into acrylic board since the system are to be implemented on two wheeler hence the acrylic board was design based on the conform ability of the user. In a nut shell, the functionality of the entire system was successfully achieved based on the objectives and overcoming the drawback from past research work.
A Hybrid Wind and Hydroelectric Power Production Systemijtsrd
The purpose main purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of electrification without grid in the Indian subcontinent. The electrical installation will be done with a mixed system that includes Small Hydropower using compensation for water flow, and wind power. Given the climate change that has been observed in regions around the world and believed to be due to the use of conventional energy sources, we must turn our attention to renewable energy sources that are conducive to the future. This paper presents research on the design and simulation of small wind hydro power. After execution, this experimental station will be used primarily to study the potential for hydropower plants to conserve wind power through hydro energy. Indra Pal Singh | Dr. Ravinder Kumar "A Hybrid Wind and Hydroelectric Power Production System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50175.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50175/a-hybrid-wind-and-hydroelectric-power-production-system/indra-pal-singh
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
A review on internet of things-based stingless bee's honey production with im...IJECEIAES
Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security.
A trust based secure access control using authentication mechanism for intero...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes.
Fuzzy linear programming with the intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbersIJECEIAES
In real world applications, data are subject to ambiguity due to several factors; fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers propose a great tool to model such ambiguity. In case of hesitation, the complement of a membership value in fuzzy numbers can be different from the non-membership value, in which case we can model using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as they provide flexibility by defining both a membership and a non-membership functions. In this article, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem with intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbers, which is a generalization of the previous polygonal fuzzy numbers found in the literature. We present a modification of the simplex method that can be used to solve any general intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem after approximating the problem by an intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy number with n edges. This method is given in a simple tableau formulation, and then applied on numerical examples for clarity.
The performance of artificial intelligence in prostate magnetic resonance im...IJECEIAES
Prostate cancer is the predominant form of cancer observed in men worldwide. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a guidance tool for conducting biopsies has been established as a reliable and well-established approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The diagnostic performance of MRI-guided prostate cancer diagnosis exhibits significant heterogeneity due to the intricate and multi-step nature of the diagnostic pathway. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically through the utilization of machine learning techniques such as deep learning, is assuming an increasingly significant role in the field of radiology. In the realm of prostate MRI, a considerable body of literature has been dedicated to the development of various AI algorithms. These algorithms have been specifically designed for tasks such as prostate segmentation, lesion identification, and classification. The overarching objective of these endeavors is to enhance diagnostic performance and foster greater agreement among different observers within MRI scans for the prostate. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the application of AI in the field of radiology, with a specific focus on its utilization in prostate MRI.
Seizure stage detection of epileptic seizure using convolutional neural networksIJECEIAES
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seventy million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a neurological disorder. While electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring the brain activity of epilepsy patients, it requires a specialist to examine all EEG recordings to find epileptic behavior. This procedure needs an experienced doctor, and a precise epilepsy diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. To identify epileptic seizures, this study employed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on raw scalp EEG signals to discriminate between preictal, ictal, postictal, and interictal segments. The possibility of these characteristics is explored by examining how well timedomain signals work in the detection of epileptic signals using intracranial Freiburg Hospital (FH), scalp Children's Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) databases, and Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG. To test the viability of this approach, two types of experiments were carried out. Firstly, binary class classification (preictal, ictal, postictal each versus interictal) and four-class classification (interictal versus preictal versus ictal versus postictal). The average accuracy for stage detection using CHB-MIT database was 84.4%, while the Freiburg database's time-domain signals had an accuracy of 79.7% and the highest accuracy of 94.02% for classification in the TUH EEG database when comparing interictal stage to preictal stage.
Analysis of driving style using self-organizing maps to analyze driver behaviorIJECEIAES
Modern life is strongly associated with the use of cars, but the increase in acceleration speeds and their maneuverability leads to a dangerous driving style for some drivers. In these conditions, the development of a method that allows you to track the behavior of the driver is relevant. The article provides an overview of existing methods and models for assessing the functioning of motor vehicles and driver behavior. Based on this, a combined algorithm for recognizing driving style is proposed. To do this, a set of input data was formed, including 20 descriptive features: About the environment, the driver's behavior and the characteristics of the functioning of the car, collected using OBD II. The generated data set is sent to the Kohonen network, where clustering is performed according to driving style and degree of danger. Getting the driving characteristics into a particular cluster allows you to switch to the private indicators of an individual driver and considering individual driving characteristics. The application of the method allows you to identify potentially dangerous driving styles that can prevent accidents.
Hyperspectral object classification using hybrid spectral-spatial fusion and ...IJECEIAES
Because of its spectral-spatial and temporal resolution of greater areas, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has found widespread application in the field of object classification. The HSI is typically used to accurately determine an object's physical characteristics as well as to locate related objects with appropriate spectral fingerprints. As a result, the HSI has been extensively applied to object identification in several fields, including surveillance, agricultural monitoring, environmental research, and precision agriculture. However, because of their enormous size, objects require a lot of time to classify; for this reason, both spectral and spatial feature fusion have been completed. The existing classification strategy leads to increased misclassification, and the feature fusion method is unable to preserve semantic object inherent features; This study addresses the research difficulties by introducing a hybrid spectral-spatial fusion (HSSF) technique to minimize feature size while maintaining object intrinsic qualities; Lastly, a soft-margins kernel is proposed for multi-layer deep support vector machine (MLDSVM) to reduce misclassification. The standard Indian pines dataset is used for the experiment, and the outcome demonstrates that the HSSF-MLDSVM model performs substantially better in terms of accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment
1. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 12, No. 3, June 2022, pp. 2285~2299
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2285-2299 2285
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment
Liew Hui Fang1
, Rosemizi bin Abd Rahim2
1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 9, 2021
Revised Dec 22, 2021
Accepted Jan 2, 2022
In this study, the fossil fuel usage by-product is carbon dioxide, which is
known as the primary cause in global warming. Alternatively, wind energy is
a clean alternative energy source compared the fuel consumption can cause
smoke pollution. The goal of the work is to develop a pollution controller
device model Savonius wind turbine to represent the characterized actual
speed wind turbine concepts into convert kinetic energy into electric energy
from campus and monitoring all output data display on the cloud. The wind
speed operation is enabled through the use of ESP8266 as internet of things
(IoT) platform and the alternating current (AC) direct current (DC) harvesting
circuit into improve stability of the wind energy performance. Secondly, a
magnet coil synchronous generator is used, which is a grid coupled through a
diode rectifier and voltage source converter. The parameters that have been
measured using wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) module ESP8266 are considering
wind speed, current, voltage and power. The wind speed with 7.8 MPH can
produce a maximum output voltage and output current of 1.104 V and
4.321 µA, respectively. Blynk applications functional as role present
performance monitoring kit wind turbine analysis with more precise and
efficient in anywhere and anytime.
Keywords:
Savonius model
Wind energy
Wind power generation
Wind speed
Wind turbine
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Liew Hui Fang
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Sg. Chuchuh, Arau, Jalan Wang Ulu, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
Email: hfliew@unimap.edu.my
1. INTRODUCTION
Over the past few decades, renewable energy harvesting technology through wind and turbine
fabrication has grown exponentially. It has reached a significant turning point in replacing non-renewable
energy. Harvesting the power of the wind can be a clean and natural way to provide energy to the world. With
the many recent advances in technology, wind power can be cheap as well as easier on the environment
alternative to fossil fuels. The non-renewable energy fossil fuels are finite, and the cost installation of this
energy is expensive and pollution effect on the environment [1]. On the contrary, non-renewable energy has a
definite limited lifespan, and its usage will be exhausted in the future.
Meanwhile, the usage of non-renewable energy not only does it increase high fuel costs and produce
high carbon emissions and greenhouse effects as well as direct damage to the environment. Therefore, wind
energy is a broad prospect that using renewable resources to generate a higher percentage of global energy is
promising energy that will never run out [2], [3]. The use of wind energy is an alternative to helping reduce the
release of harmful carbon into the atmosphere as well as allowing it to resist the severe effects of reduced fuel
savings. In addition to wind energy, other types of clean energy sources also included solar, nuclear, tidal
currents, waves, geothermal, and so on. As it is well-known, the development of the wind energy industry
producing wind energy into electricity has undergone a stable evolution since the 1970s.
2. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 3, June 2022: 2285-2299
2286
In recent times, some countries have moved their focus from developing fossil fuels to hydroelectric
energy because of this relatively cheap energy source compared to other energy sources. The incident of wind
energy is defined as moving air as well as through different zone pressures. This phenomenon can be described
wherein the daytime, the air above the ground warms faster than the air above the water. The inland air
expansion will be warm and will continue to rise, and more relaxed and denser air will rush in to replace the
wind [4], [5]. As the emphasis on global electricity has led to increased greenhouse gas emissions, significant
investments have been turned to alternative ways to use wind as a renewable source of energy for electricity
generation. The importance and benefits of increasing wind power over its most profitable potential are that it
is available throughout the year, and supply is unlimited. In addition, the power generated by wind energy
around the world is more than 74,223 megawatts [6], [7]. Wind turbine use is expanding throughout the world
as a means to provide electricity without contributing to the increase in global-warming gases. Most commonly,
very large, horizontal-axis turbines are constructed in fleets that are connected to national-level electrical grid
systems. More recently, there has been a desire for more local, small-scale power production that can be used
to power very specific pieces of equipment or buildings. Internet of things (IoT) technology is introduced to
facilitate the examination. In this research, IoT is design and construction for inspection of power catchment
in Savonius wind turbine using Blynk application. The monitoring system will be designed and installed via a
smartphone application. It will be collected data to calculate the efficiency voltage current and power consist
into Savonius wind turbine Blynk applications closely.
2. OVERVIEW OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
In human history, wind energy was used for small-scale applications including water harvesting or
grain and fabric mills. Wind energy can now be turned into power, and the cost of producing wind energy has
been lowered by 80% since the last century. Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) has historically been listed as
small in the overall demand for wind turbines. Historically, they have had the benefit of being able to produce
wind power from either direction, in comparison to the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), which has to
yaw to compensate for shifts in wind direction. This benefit comes with an associated disadvantage in terms
of total performance and power production relative to typical HAWT. Such early VAWT were basic machines
focused on aerodynamic drag rather than aerodynamic gain. One half of the turbine was shielded, and the wind
actually moved the blades to the power-generating half of the turbine, producing a torque. Using the
aerodynamic lift generated by the change in pressure due to the form of the blade is much more effective than
utilizing drag.
Presently, the review paper presented that there is a lot of research work being focus on VAWT [8]
and HAWT [9] to improve performance. However, the HAWT suffer troublesome for size is taller and are
challenging to install, ample space is necessary, high cost of cranes, skilled operators, and requirement of
massive tower construction for supporting the heavy blades, gearbox, and generator. Moreover, the VAWT
categories into two main types, which is Darrieus rotor and the Savonius rotor. The Darrieus wind turbine [10],
[11] is a once of VAWT group that rotates around the central axis due to the lift produced by the rotating air,
while the Savonius rotor [12], [13] rotates due to the drag produced by its blades. For a vertical wind turbine,
there is no need to point in wind direction to be efficient, so yaw drive and pitch mechanism is not needed but
for, HAWTs need an additional yaw control mechanism to turn the blades and nacelle toward the wind [14],
[15]. Previous experimental work shows that VAWT performed many experiments and analyzes were
performed for different periods from overlap ratios, blades having with or without endplates, for different wind
speeds, different end speed ratios, different Reynolds numbers, pressure distribution on convex and concave
surfaces [16], velocity contours, rotations, static torque coefficients (Cts), force coefficients (Cp) and torque
coefficients (Ct) [17], [18].
Currently, the world is facing a shortage of fuel causing the world to turn to develop alternative energy
sources, such as fuels, solar cell, geothermal, biomass, hydropower, and others. The alternative energy source
that is largest source of energy enormous, namely wind turbines energy sources. The production of electricity
from wind turbine is widely used in various forms and free energy. Since it is a never-ending energy source, it
is naturally available, clean energy and no residue harmful to humans and the environment. In recent years, by
considerate the current and potential environmental issues associated with each renewable energy source,
increasing efforts have been expended on developing mechanisms harnessing power from the wind energy has
great effectively and impacts as they become a larger portion of produce backup electric supply and also is one
of the cleanest and most sustainable ways to produce electricity.
The wind energy sources are renewable and turbines produced with little pollution. The wind energy
is renewable source and the turbines created with very little of pollution. There are two type of turbine which
is horizontal and vertical wind turbine. The HAWT need the taller masts and blades are more difficult to
transport and construction. The performance of VAWT technology can be increased by installing turbines in
3. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment (Liew Hui Fang)
2287
clusters. There could also be benefits to limited VAWT deployment in urban or sub-urban areas and in locations
that are more prone to suffer from bird disruption. Thus, in considering the locations of wind turbines for
distributed power production, interactions between wind and buildings and topologies in a residential area are
very important.
The significant model of VAWT is develop according to the characteristics surrounding wind
performance to produce the best result. This solid revolving machine handles with high wind speeds, requires
low support inferable from oneself greasing up orientation, and to self-placing setting to the wind stream just
as to self-starting beginning at extremely low wind speed. The design of the model proposed should be
recognized to avoid the used larger bearing and shaft loads of VAWT because it will impact the shaft bending
momentum become larger. Besides, the blades model also should have the perfect angle to receive the
sufficiently amount of wind in order for it engages, this situation will cause the speed rotational of blades.
VAWT are normally picked for urban area where neighbourhood normal wind speed is low. However, VAWT
also can create the best results for mechanical force in term of rotational speed.
The following are some of the literature reviews on Savonius vertical axis wind turbine blades include
Zewge et al. [19] have presented four-bladed Savonius rotor has the average lowest efficiency, Waqas et al.
[20] investigate on hot climate conditions into design and optimization of Savonius type, Ahmed et al. [21] has
conducted an experimental two, and three-bladed Savonius rotor analysis increases the static torque in the rotor.
In the paper, Guo et al. [22] has analyzed horizontal offset, the optimal power coefficient shows a tendency of
increasing the performance of the modified Savonius rotor. Meanwhile, for Darrieus wind turbine is a VAWT
experimental comparison and investigation of performance review include that Kumar et al. [23] has studied
performance characteristics of Darrieus turbine with NTU-20-V and NACA 0018 airfoils, Benzerdjeb et al.
[24] has considered main design using k-ε Standard and k-ε EARSM turbulence models, has been carried out
to determine Darrieus turbine model, Zitouni et al. [25] have reported that optimization speed ratio has a
significant influence on the pitch angle and improvement Darrieus turbine on the output power. In the paper,
Budea et al. [26] have introduced an investigation on semi-open-to simulate a hybrid model Darrieus. There
are also introduced new types of VAWT emerging in the wind energy industry where is a mix between the
design of Darrieus and Savonius included proposed in [27], [28].
Wind energy is defined as energy derived from the conversion of wind energy into electricity by using
wind turbines. In this research, small wind turbine models are recommenced that is constructed with variable
speed and pitch control to study the influence of this control strategy on wind turbines by characterizing their
wind turbine design and output power performance [29]. The small wind turbine model parameter was declared
with specifications and functions in addition to the explanation of the Arduino program. The first main problem
is an energy crisis [30], [31], huge deficiency of electricity has become more critical to socio-economic
development due to heavy reliance on imported fuels, then objective of this project is to develop small Savonius
wind turbine to capture wind energy most easily and practice the usage of renewable energy from the location
is also known to change with varying wind speeds and IoT systems now combine with a micro wind turbine
for the ability to optimize performance [32]. The research aims to establish three wind turbine blades to predict
wind turbine power output at different wind speeds and analyze the wind characterization at campus UniCITI
performance by using ESP 8266 and monitoring through Blynk as an IoT platform. The electricity generated
will be stored in the battery work as a load and temporary storage device.
Wind is also abundant, inexhaustible, and affordable, which makes it a viable and large-scale
alternative to non- renewable source such as fossil fuels. Firstly, harvesting wind energy is unlimited effect by
energy lifespan and availability of time factors. Despite its great potential, there are various environmental
effects associated with wind energy generation that should be recognized and mitigated. These include land
use problems and problematic challenges to wildlife and habitat. With the wind energy largely exists at all
times in the surrounding will not be wasted, as well as increase its efficiency and provide green environmental
solution. In addition, wind technology has grown substantially since its original use as a method to grind grains
and will only continue to grow. After identifying the vertical axis wind turbine is more compact and suitable
for residential and commercial areas while horizontal axial wind turbine is more suitable for wind farms in
rural or offshore areas. However, technological advances explored in vertical axis wind turbines capable of
generating more energy with smaller footprints are now challenging the traditional use of horizontal wind
turbines in wind farms. The vertical axial wind turbine independent on wind-oriented and offers direct
rotational output to ground level loads, making it ideal for pumping water, heating, cleaning, and ventilation,
as well as stand-alone electricity generation. The use Savonius turbines is defined as types of high potential
with high efficiency for such applications is almost virtually prohibited by their inherent inability to self-start.
Thus, another limitation factor to a horizontal axis wind turbine it has struggle operating in small
placed such as near ground, turbulent winds due to their yaw and blade bearing need smoother, more laminar
wind flows, the tall and larger towers and long blades (up to 40 m long) are problematic to transport on the sea
and on land, transportation can now cost 20% of equipment costs, the tall HAWTs required huge empty space
and drawback problem of difficult to install, needing very tall of size turbine, exclusive high cost cranes and
4. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 3, June 2022: 2285-2299
2288
skilled operators. In this project, the Savonius wind turbines also categories as VAWTs types which contains
of a lot of benefits such as easier to maintain, airfoils or rotor blades are linked by arms to a shaft that sits on a
bearing and drives a generator below, typically. The Savonius turbines construction by first connecting to a
gearbox, the rotor blades are vertical, a yaw device is unnecessary plus indirectly can reducing the need for
this bearing and its cost, VAWTs have a higher drag at low and high pressures, it can be placed close to the
ground or roof and efficiency into generate high power than HAWTs placed higher up. It is recognized that
vertical axis wind machines represent a suitable alternative as main wind power extraction in many developing
countries without limitation to location and effect speed of wind. The important reason for this purpose is due
to the advantage over the horizontal axis type such as characteristic simple construction, extremely cost
effective and receiving of wind flow from all direction without depend on high-speed wind of orientation into
generated electricity.
3. METHOD
3.1. Wind turbine experiment setup
In this study, each part of the project is developed methodically. It involves the software part of
creating the coding and the hardware part, where the circuit and wind turbine are built. Three-dimensional
views of the blade (the blade model) were what the program does lastly after exported to AutoCAD. The circuit
design to maintain the output data by a wind turbine then send it to the cloud. The alternating current-direct
current (AC-DC) harvesting circuit design using Proteus with Arduino Uno and data send to the cloud by Wi-
Fi module ESP8266. In designing this project, the user of the wind turbine gives the required power output,
the number of blades, wind speed, voltage, current and wind velocity as input, and the program gives the design
power coefficient are controlling and monitoring using Blynk applications.
3.2. Savonius wind turbine block diagram
Figure 1 shows a block diagram from the wind turbine that will rotate and generate electric energy.
The generator will convert AC-DC voltage. Then, data collected will be sent to the cloud and display by the
web server, which is Blynk. Firstly, when the wind flows through the blade of the turbine, the turbine will
rotate vertically. The speed of rotation depends on the force that the wind made to the turbine. Then it will
generate electricity, and the system will read the data from Arduino liquid crystal display (LCD). The wind
turbine data collected by Arduino will be sent to the cloud by Wi-Fi module. Lastly, Blynk, as the webserver,
will display data in graphical form.
Figure 1. Block diagram of the Savonius wind turbine
3.3. Design of three blade wind turbine using AutoCAD
In the initial stage of this research work, an investigation was made based on the basic principles of
harnessing sufficient wind energy to mechanical energy. The 3D drawing AutoCAD software is used to design
a three-blade wind turbine structure, as shown in Figure 2. The main goal of this research was to investigate
performance of the innovative design of the Savonius VAWT proposed based startup at campus area.
Figure 2. The 3D design drawing wind turbine structure
5. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment (Liew Hui Fang)
2289
In order to start this research, the design modeled of the wind turbine is using on the SolidWorks and
then runs a simulation on these designs. The ANSYS workbench is using to perform the simulations of design
wind turbine model. In order to do in running 2D simulation, analysis is continuing proceed with three blades
model is the configuration design as it experiences of received highest pressure difference on its wind-receiving
blade of varies wind speed.
4. CONSTRUCTION OF AC-DC CONVERTER CIRCUIT USING PROTEUS
Besides, part of the design and simulation of the circuit was the most important as a reference circuit
for this project to function correctly before to hardware prototype. In this AC-DC circuit and simulation circuit
design, the voltage sensor (0<=25 V) and current sensor acs712 were used in Proteus to detect the current and
voltage produced from the wind turbines. The MAX471 is a component combined voltage and current sensor
into Proteus. When there are voltage and current flow, LCD will display data, including voltage, current, and
power, to evaluate wind turbine performance. This AC-DC harvesting circuit was designed by using Proteus
software with Arduino Uno. This circuit results included voltage, current, power, and wind speed will be
displayed thought LCD. Energy drawn from this wind system is directly connected to an uncontrolled AC-DC
rectifier, and it is connected to Arduino Uno.
Blynk does the controlling of power flow to the grid with the help of dc ESP 8266. NodeMCU is a
low-cost open source IoT platform. It initially included firmware which runs on the based on the ESP8266
Wi-Fi module expressive systems. The ESP 8266 are used as Wi-Fi module for wind turbine used to send data
to the cloud which monitor and control by Blynk as IoT platform. The Savonius wind turbine has developed
through experiment output of voltage, current and wind speed are used to process the system using Arduino
sent data to Node MCU ESP 8266 and then connected to the phone via Blynk to process the data and control
the operation of wind turbine system. The simulation AC-DC circuit is shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows
hardware connections were designed using Fritzing software. Since the output value of the turbine is alternating
current (AC), a full-wave rectifier is made to convert an AC-DC signal (direct current). In this experiment,
sensor max 471 voltage and current sensor used to measure the output value of the turbine must remain in
direct current to be measured by the max471 sensor.
4.1. Develop of controlling and monitoring circuit using Blynk applications
In this research, the design and construction of Savonius wind turbine performance monitoring using
IoT technology via Blynk application. The use of Blynk applications connects the device port via Arduino,
which is used to detect wind speed, current, voltage and power data. In order to perform the data analysis
related to the wind turbine experiments properly, Blynk is IoT platform which is connected with wind turbine
and store data to the cloud. Blynk is a Platform that can be used to monitoring data from wind turbines.
Figure 5 presented some configuration settings for Blynk used into monitoring for voltage, current, power, and
wind speed. The configuration for the super chart is setup all pin that was used, which is V1, V2, V3, V4 are
linked to generate parameter in Superchart. Blynk application will display the main screen of parameters in
order to find real-time performance.
Figure 3. AC-DC circuit with Arduino design using Proteus
6. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 3, June 2022: 2285-2299
2290
Figure 4. AC-DC circuit with Arduino Savonius wind turbine connection setup using Fritzing
Figure 5. Setup data parameter using Blynk and configuration for Superchart
4.2. Prototype Savonius wind turbine setup
Based on Figure 6 shown setup for circuit and turbine, wind turbines were designed in the vertical
axis with three blades made of aluminum. Aluminum was chosen due to it is lighter compared to other
materials. The stainless-steel sheet is used to made up of rotor and are bowled to form the buckets that are
rigidly mounted on the wooden end plates. At the base of the rotor contains of the rotor shaft are connected
and to the generator on it. The frame of aluminium is enclosed within a wire net to avoid any injury while
operation and the entire system also located surrounded within a solid frame with propose to improve stability.
The wind turbine is driven by a blower positioned in front of the turbine.
Also, that, there is placed a ten piece of circle shape Neodymium magnets that is arranged within the
opposite pole underneath the wind turbine. These arrangements of these magnetic bearings are achieved by
placing the inner Neodymium magnets and the outer ferrite magnets concentrically so that the repulsive forces
of these two magnets will be centered on each other in the magnetic assembly. Thus, these rotor magnetic
arrays push each other radically but unable to interact vertically. The best configuration is selected based on
efficiency and maximum axial force produced and rigidity developed by permanent magnetic bearings and
made for vertical axial wind turbines. The permanent magnetic bearing’s function constructed based on the
concept of the basic properties of the magnetic field in a permanent ring magnet. The existed of repulsive force
is produced among the inner and outer ring magnets in order to reduce the frictional force between the rotating
components. Besides, the accumulation of ring magnets improved the rigidity of permanent magnetic bearings.
Then, concentration is performed for different configurations by placing between radial and axially polarized
ring magnets.
7. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment (Liew Hui Fang)
2291
The coil was used to create a generator to produce an electric current or call as an electromagnetic
generator. This coil was placed under the wind turbine and arranged side by side to form a circle shape. The
coil needs to place very near under wind turbine. When the turbine is rotated within the presence of wind, it
will induce the magnetic field and produced the current. The Max471 voltage and current sensor are used in
this circuit to measure the output data, which is voltage, current and power, and ESP Wi-Fi module setup. The
anemometer three-cup arms are attached to a vertical rod. An anemometer is provided with the system to
measure the wind speed. When the wind is blows, the cups will be rotate and directly making the rod spin used
to measures wind speed. Then it will generate signal and delivery it to Arduino display thought LCD.
Figure 6. Vertical axis turbine with aluminium blade
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section is to provide a meaningful presentation and interpretation of the data. The resulting output
of the voltage, power, current, and wind speed that been recorded based on different situations and conditions.
In the experiment, the data is taken by different values of input data, which is from the wind turbine.
5.1. Simulation result for AC-DC circuit with Arduino
By using Proteus software to the simulation output result, which is display voltage, power, current,
and wind speed. During an initial experiment, this circuit is in zero states, which is input was set 6 V supply in
Figure 7. Then, construct the AC-DC harvesting circuit and full-wave rectifier as drive into improvement of
wind energy and the monitoring and controlling wind energy performance by using Arduino.
Figure 7. Simulation proteus for AC-DC circuit
8. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 3, June 2022: 2285-2299
2292
5.2. Simulation result from ANSYS into analysis three blade wind turbine
Firstly, theoretical intentions were performed by including several specification parameters obtain
from different power outputs. At that moment, a similar case study was considered for Proteus analysis into
the design harvesting circuit. The importance of Proteus software was used in this project to create a simulation
circuit before installing hardware parts. Hence, in Figure 8, present that good agreement with the values
attained from ANSYS simulation of rotation for the wind turbine. The rotation of wind turbine is considering
on about velocity of the wind from surrounding is become main point analysis into simulation. The higher
speed of the wind, the higher rotation of the wind turbine. Hence, the outcome of this work should be beneficial
in considering ways to increase the output performance electrical energy of Savonius wind turbines.
Figure 8. Wind turbine rotation simulation
The Savonius wind turbine is a design in a small structure, and its weight is significant to achieve
balance when facing all wind speeds. The number of blades is especially important to consider in producing
high efficiency of wind energy in the future. The major of this research is concentrate was made on vertical
axis wind turbines with three blades due to their fuller availability and can produce electricity independent on
any wind direction. Secondly, theoretical calculations were performed to estimate the power output of wind
turbines with different types of either material or wider blade angles and also over the changed level of wind
speeds surrounding. Thus, an efficient design aluminium was chosen as based on blade material according to
the theoretical results. The particular design was modeled with ANSYS and is selected due to it has a low
density and excellent resistance to corrosion as well.
5.3. Parameter wind turbine experimental result controlling by Blynk application
At first the due to the wind energy the blades start to rotate and power is generated in the 5.0 V, next
the generated power is given to the battery and the battery starts to charge for the operation of the required
loads. The power supply for the NodeMCU is given properly from the battery, as soon as the blades rotate at
the required rpm begin to glow, now wind turbine monitoring system connect the mobile hotspot to the
NodeMCU and wait till it gets connected which will be shown in the Blynk mobile app, once the mobile gets
connected to the module affordable can control the loads by switching through mobile phone and also can
insert timers in the application to the loads for the purpose energy saving. Once the wind gets turned off the
loads get the supply from the power bank called as battery similarly when the loads are turned off the battery
gets charged in the proper way from the generator. Hence the generated power from the wind can be used for
the domestic purposes as a backup source sufficiently in this way. Figure 9 shows the overall output result
displayed by Blynk in a graphical way include the value of voltage, current, and power. From the result
presented that when all the parameter value is increased proportionally to each other. When the wind speed
increase, voltage, and power also increase correspondingly. The more durable speed of the wind will be
affordable to produce high voltage and power wind energy.
9. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment (Liew Hui Fang)
2293
Figure 9. Result parameter presented by Blynk applications Y-axis (parameter) versus X-axis (period)
5.4. Data analysis wind turbine experimental result at area campus Uniciti
Presently, the wind anemometers are function as collecting wind speed data around area of Campus
Uniciti at different heights. Once mount the wind turbines, the anemometers will be directly moved next to the
turbines. During the analysis of wind turbine performance, each data that collected will be used to investigate
the most effective location and economical way to harness wind energy. Therefore, this data will also be used
by future energy engineers as a reference for sizing other micro-wind turbine projects. From the experiment
result, presented that the wind is influenced in many different ways. Obstacles like tree and buildings can
reduce the amount of wind a turbine might receive. Also, different heights and elevations have different average
wind speeds.
This data was collected for two weeks and from different times, which is 10.00 morning, 1.00
afternoon, and 5.00 evening. The data collected by a different place, which is at parking block A3 and
playground. Also, it was taken twice daily in the week for two weeks. During week 1 and day 1 at area parking
block A3 that in Figure 10, wind speed is directly proportional to the voltage. As wind speed increases, the
voltage will increase. The result illustrated a slight increase when at the time of 5.00 evening. The highest wind
produced is 7.8 meters per hour, which produced 1.104 V.
Figure 10. Wind speed against voltage
10. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 3, June 2022: 2285-2299
2294
During week 1 and day 1 at area parking block A3 that in Figure 11, the voltage also directly
proportional to current. When the voltage of wind turbine is increases, the performance of current will increase
also. The higher current produced when 1.104 V is 4.321 μA. During week 1 and day 2 at the area playground
that in Figure 12, the result shows that wind speed is directly proportional to the voltage. As wind speed
increases, the voltage will increase. The graph slightly increases when at time 1.00 afternoon. The highest wind
produced is 5.7 meters per hour, which produced 0.873 V. During week 1 and day 2 at area parking block A3
that in Figure 13, the voltage also directly proportional to current. As the voltage increases, the current will
increase. The highest current produced when 0.873 V is 2.721 μA.
During week 2 and day 1 at area parking block A3 that in Figure 14, wind speed is directly proportional
to the voltage. As wind speed increases, the voltage will increase. The highest wind produced is 5.3 meters per
hour, which produced 0.783 V. During week 2 and day 1 at area parking block A3 that is in Figure 15, the
voltage also directly proportional to current. As the voltage increases, the current will increase. The higher
current produced when 2.011 V is 0.783 μA. During week 2 and day 2 at the area playground in Figure 16,
wind speed is directly proportional to the voltage. As wind speed increases, the voltage will increase. The
highest wind produced is 5.3 meters per hour, which produced 0.779 V. The output of the turbine highly
depends on the speed of the wind. The power generated by the turbine is fluctuating in nature. In order to obtain
a continuous supply of power first, the electricity is stored in a battery unit. Then, it is transferred to the load.
Figure 11. Voltage against current
Figure 12. Wind speed against voltage
11. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment (Liew Hui Fang)
2295
Figure 13. Voltage against current
Figure 14. Wind speed against voltage
Figure 15. Voltage against current
12. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 3, June 2022: 2285-2299
2296
Figure 16. Wind speed against voltage
During week 2 and day 2 at the area playground in Figure 17, voltage directly proportional to current.
As the voltage increases, the current will increase. The highest current produced when 0.851 V is 2.014 μA.
The output from the turbine is produced to charge a low input voltage battery. The batteries are used in order
to store the electricity that is produced from wind energy. The capacity of battery depending on the speed level
of the wind turbine generated. Battery should be having low maintenance and charge leakage low so that the
charging period is shortest. The Savonius model wind turbine is a categories as small power generating unit
with the help of free source of wind energy. From above analysis results presented proved of the wind turbine
governs that the design is under safe limit. It is check in analysis for view under worst condition working by
using voltage 0.211 V.
Figure 17. Voltage against current
Overall, these aims of project will create a further understanding of the wind map on Campus Uniciti
and over buildings that wind turbines would be placed. By knowing how the wind acts will help us understand
the how turbines work in a building environment. This can be used as reference for anyone considering build
up the smart wind turbine. We have been researching the most efficient methods of harnessing wind energy for
Campus Uniciti and begin producing wind energy. This will create a clean and environmentally friendly source
of energy for Campus Uniciti. Also, will be measuring and characterization the efficiency of the micro-wind
turbines and the influence that structures have on wind speed, wind flow and velocity. It has become of great
necessity to emphasis on issue such as speed regulation, blade load and mode stabilization with simultaneously
13. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment (Liew Hui Fang)
2297
maximizing energy capture to match with multiple objectives research work. This type of wind turbine is easier
to deal with when designing large-scaled wind turbines, as they are subjected to constant gravitational and
inertial forces. In addition, included residential areas, as they are less sensitive to flow turbulence, and can be
mounted closer mounted on the roof of the sustainability building are suitable especially for these micro-wind
turbines which useful for small-scaled applications.
Furthermore, by placing turbines on buildings, these turbines can make use of an accelerated wind
flow cause by the building. The advantages of this project micro smear Savonius wind turbine is structural with
omni-directional and insensitive to wind direction. The wind also has a higher average speed with higher
elevation. The two building augmented turbines will be placed at two different heights. This will reduce the
inference in the wind flow each turbine has on one another. There is a “sweet spot” over the building in which
the average wind speed is the highest and therefore this spot is the optimal location for a turbine. This location
is also known to change with varying wind speeds. Identifying the effects buildings have on wind will provide
insight for those interested to mount their own wind turbine.
Based on the overall result obtain in this research, the weakness of proposed wind turbine is suggested
could also boost with a more aerodynamic blade style. The more aerodynamic blade design, the greater the
velocity of spin. Although the blade design that has been built can produce a relatively high velocity, the blades
design is predicted to be improved and advanced to achieve more higher wind turbine to become more accuracy
and efficiency. Finally, selection of materials is also become main effect of strength is also essential for real
life wind turbine model. Materials employed as fan blades can be converted into more appropriate materials or
construction methods, for example with fiber material. The operational tension levels of wind turbine should
be minimized by adjusting the specification or function. The analysis of new active control technologies should
be undertaken for the wind turbine blades. It will be targeted at a next generation system in which flavor loads
are effectively reduced such that excessive construction of blades is minimized.
6. CONCLUSION
The simulations result of the wind turbine is achieved the same agreement with measurement results,
and that were evaluated and analyzed with the derived model were established. From the simulation, it is
concluded that wind turbine configuration has been done in order to observe its performance using ANSYS
software. Apart from that, the interaction of the developed model into a power system dynamics simulation
software package was discussed. The observation emphasized finding the best types of Savonius wind turbine
configuration in producing the optimum output of the harvested power. When the output efficiency of the wind
turbine model is examined and measured with wind speed, the measurement result is compared with a sufficient
degree of correspondence can be observed. Meanwhile, for the IoT part, the wind sensor unable to show
accurate value due to the wind speed is inconsistent. By using ESP8266, the data can be easily monitored by
the web server, which is wireless. The IoT technology is used Blynk applications applied to wind turbines is simple
and self-learning easily to control, monitor, and analyze the commands, measurement data from sensors for
historical data research in portable, remote, and real-time mode using any devices with an internet connection.
The energy is used at the location the micro turbine is mounted on such black outs will not affect someone who
can produce their electricity. The maximum possible output voltage range is 0.779-1.104 V of the proposed
design wind speed is within 5.3-7.8 MPH. When the level of wind speed becomes more durable, the power
output will increase.
In contrast, when all requirements are matched, the wind turbine system performance is effective.
Three bladed turbines are of the best solidity for a wide range, most commonly used for mechanical or electric
converters. In addition, since the size of the experimental Savonius wind turbine only generated the very low
electrical power, therefore, considering of a several numbers of reasons become cause for low electrical power
generation. First, the thickness of the aluminum sheet used for the rotor bucket is large and consequence in
high system inertia. Similarly, the wooden end plate adds an inertia system. Next, the misalignment of the rotor
bucket attached to the shaft against the instability of the turbine rotor. Subsequent, the protective wire mesh
around the turbine frame of the reduce effective wind force that occurs on the wind turbine rotor. Lastly, wheels
are further added to the frame for the aims of wind turbine movement, into proposed decrease the stability of
the system. All the issue is due diminish the rotor speed, and reducing power generated by the wind turbine.
Therefore, the major objective of the present study was to develop an improved design, leading to higher values
of the power coefficient and thus a higher efficiency. For this future work, guiding plates, the blade shape
(skeleton line) and turbine internal spaces have been optimized simultaneously to get the optimal design
derived from a Savonius turbine. Besides that, various number and size of blade diameter measurements will
be considered for a wide range of operating conditions to accomplish optimum power generating performance
into better comparison analyzed. Thus, this study will be extended to explore the effects of different aerofoil
shapes and different types of materials to construct blades to indicate the best possible combination into the
nature of their design and operational characteristics.
14. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 3, June 2022: 2285-2299
2298
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would also like to acknowledge Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, Universiti
Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) for providing access to the laboratory and equipments and Nur Iqhmal Bin
Mohamad Fodzhi for completing research data collection.
REFERENCES
[1] F. Wenehenubun, A. Saputra, and H. Sutanto, “An experimental study on the performance of Savonius wind turbines related with
the number of blades,” Energy Procedia, vol. 68, pp. 297–304, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.259.
[2] V. Sohoni, S. C. Gupta, and R. K. Nema, “A critical review on wind turbine power curve modelling techniques and their applications
in wind based energy systems,” Journal of Energy, vol. 2016, pp. 1–18, 2016, doi: 10.1155/2016/8519785.
[3] H. Pan et al., “A portable renewable wind energy harvesting system integrated S-rotor and H-rotor for self-powered applications in
high-speed railway tunnels,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 196, pp. 56–68, Sep. 2019, doi:
10.1016/j.enconman.2019.05.115.
[4] M. Haidar, H. Chible, E. Di Zitti, and D. D. Caviglia, “An optimized AC/DC buck-boost converter for wind energy harvesting
application,” in 2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and
Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), Jun. 2019, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/EEEIC.2019.8783648.
[5] F. Han, A. W. Bandarkar, and Y. Sozer, “Energy harvesting from moving vehicles on highways,” in 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion
Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2019, Sep. 2019, pp. 974–978, doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2019.8912688.
[6] A. Slocum, J. Kluger, and S. Mannai, “Energy harvesting and storage system stabilized offshore wind turbines,” Jul. 2019, doi:
10.1109/OSES.2019.8867345.
[7] T. Ullah and A. Khan, “Suppression of dynamic stall by leading edge slat on a Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine,” in 2019 3rd
International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE), Oct. 2019, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/ECE.2019.8921026.
[8] H. Sedighi, P. Akbarzadeh, and A. Salavatipour, “Aerodynamic performance enhancement of horizontal axis wind turbines by
dimples on blades: Numerical investigation,” Energy, vol. 195, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117056.
[9] S. R. Shah, R. Kumar, K. Raahemifar, and A. S. Fung, “Design, modeling and economic performance of a vertical axis wind
turbine,” Energy Reports, vol. 4, pp. 619–623, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2018.09.007.
[10] J. Jacob and D. Chatterjee, “Design methodology of hybrid turbine towards better extraction of wind energy,” Renewable Energy,
vol. 131, pp. 625–643, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.064.
[11] S. M. H. Karimian and A. Abdolahifar, “Performance investigation of a new Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine,” Energy, vol. 191,
p. 116551, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116551.
[12] T. R. Pereira, N. C. Batista, A. R. A. Fonseca, C. Cardeira, P. Oliveira, and R. Melicio, “Darrieus wind turbine prototype: Dynamic
modeling parameter identification and control analysis,” Energy, vol. 159, pp. 961–976, Sep. 2018, doi:
10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.162.
[13] C. M. Chan, H. L. Bai, and D. Q. He, “Blade shape optimization of the Savonius wind turbine using a genetic algorithm,” Applied
Energy, vol. 213, pp. 148–157, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.029.
[14] S. Mauro, S. Brusca, R. Lanzafame, and M. Messina, “CFD modeling of a ducted Savonius wind turbine for the evaluation of the
blockage effects on rotor performance,” Renewable Energy, vol. 141, pp. 28–39, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.125.
[15] X. Liang, S. Fu, B. Ou, C. Wu, C. Y. H. Chao, and K. Pi, “A computational study of the effects of the radius ratio and attachment
angle on the performance of a Darrieus-Savonius combined wind turbine,” Renewable Energy, vol. 113, pp. 329–334, Dec. 2017,
doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.04.071.
[16] A. Pallotta, D. Pietrogiacomi, and G. P. Romano, “HYBRI – A combined Savonius-Darrieus wind turbine: Performances and flow
fields,” Energy, vol. 191, p. 116433, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116433.
[17] W. Tian, B. Song, and Z. Mao, “Numerical investigation of wind turbines and turbine arrays on highways,” Renewable Energy,
vol. 147, pp. 384–398, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.123.
[18] F. N. Modi and N. R. Gilke, “Computational analysis of various airfoil profile on the performance of h-Darrieus wind turbine,” in
2018 ieee international conference on system, computation, automation and networking (icscan), Jul. 2018, pp. 1–5, doi:
10.1109/ICSCAN.2018.8541245.
[19] M. G. Zewge, A. A. Ibrahim, and A. O. Chikere, “Numerical modelling of performance on batch blade Savonius turbine using
ANSYS,” in 2018 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2018, Feb. 2018, pp. 1–5,
doi: 10.1109/ICASET.2018.8376803.
[20] M. Waqas and N. Ahmad, “Effect of hot climate condition on the performance of savonius type vertical axis wind turbine,” in 2019
3rd International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE), Oct. 2019, pp. 1–5, doi:
10.1109/ECE.2019.8920987.
[21] W. U. Ahmed, M. J. H. Zahed, M. A. Rahman, and M. Mamun, “Numerical study of two and three bladed Savonius wind turbine,”
in 2014 2nd International Conference on Green Energy and Technology, ICGET 2014, Sep. 2014, pp. 36–40, doi:
10.1109/ICGET.2014.6966657.
[22] F. Guo, B. Song, Z. Mao, and W. Tian, “Investigation on the improvement of the performance of modified savonius rotor based on
numerical study paper title,” in 2018 OCEANS - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Oceans (OTO), May 2018, pp. 1–6, doi:
10.1109/OCEANSKOBE.2018.8558854.
[23] P. M. Kumar, M. M. R. Surya, and N. Srikanth, “Comparitive CFD analysis of darrieus wind turbine with NTU-20-V and
NACA0018 airfoils,” in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities, ICSGSC 2017, Jul. 2017,
pp. 108–114, doi: 10.1109/ICSGSC.2017.8038559.
[24] A. Benzerdjeb, M. K. Hamidou, B. Abed, M. Bordjane, H. Achache, and A. M. Gorlov, “Numerical study on the performance of
darrieus turbine by K-ε standard and K-ε EARSM turbulence models,” in 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Renewable
Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Nov. 2017, pp. 528–533, doi: 10.1109/icrera.2017.8191117.
[25] Z. Zitouni, M. Hamid, and A. El Marjani, “Optimization of darrieus- type straight - bladed vertical axis wind turbines,” in 2017
International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), Dec. 2017, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/IRSEC.2017.8477267.
[26] S. Budea and S. M. Simionescu, “Experimental research on darrieus type H wind turbines with semi-open blades,” in Proceedings
of 2019 International Conference on ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT, CIEM 2019, Oct. 2019, pp. 157–161, doi:
10.1109/CIEM46456.2019.8937691.
[27] S. Chawla, A. Chauhan, and S. Bala, “Parametric study of hybrid savonius-darrieus turbine,” in 2015 2nd International Conference
15. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design of Savonius model wind turbine for power catchment (Liew Hui Fang)
2299
on Recent Advances in Engineering & Computational Sciences (RAECS), Dec. 2015, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/RAECS.2015.7453336.
[28] A. S. Siddiqui, S. N. Mian, M. Alam, M. S. ul Haq, A. H. Memon, and M. S. Jamil, “Experimental study to assess the performance
of combined savonius darrieus vertical axis wind turbine at different arrangements,” in 2018 IEEE 21st International Multi-Topic
Conference (INMIC), Nov. 2018, pp. 1–8, doi: 10.1109/INMIC.2018.8595538.
[29] N. A. Prashanth and P. Sujatha, “Commonly used wind generator systems: A comparison note,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 299–311, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i2.pp299-311.
[30] L. Chitra and V. Ramakrishnan, “IoT based oil condition monitoring of wind turbine gearboxes with smart sensor technology,”
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 168, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.11591/ijaas.v5.i4.pp168-175.
[31] Y. Belgaid, M. Helaimi, R. Taleb, and M. B. Youcef, “Optimal tuning of PI controller using genetic algorithm for wind turbine
application,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 167–178, Apr. 2019, doi:
10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp167-178.
[32] A. K. Ermeey, M. M. Taib, A. R. Nasran, and Y. M. Yushafizee, “A vertical wind turbine monitoring system using commercial
online digital dashboard,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 5131–5138,
Oct. 2020, doi: 10.11591/IJECE.V10I5.PP5131-5138.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Liew Hui Fang currently is a senior lecturer at Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Technology from Universiti Malaysia Perlis. In 2012, she holds her degree, in Electrical
Systems Engineering at University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. In 2015. M.Sc.
degree in Microelectronics Engineering from University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), in 2018,
she received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Systems Engineering at University Malaysia Perlis
(UniMAP). Her research interest includes the analysis and development of new sources of
energy harvesting system and techniques, renewable energy, Power Energy, Microwave
Communication and RF MEMS. She can be contacted at email: hfliew@unimap.edu.my.
Rosemizi bin Abd Rahim was born in Kedah, Malaysia in 1976. He received the
B.Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia, in 2000
and the M.Sc. degree in Electronic System Design Engineering from Universiti Sains
Malaysia, in 2004. In 2013, he received the Ph.D. degree in Communication Engineering from
Universiti Malaysia Perlis. From 2000 to 2004, he was a failure analysis engineer at a
multinational electronic manufacturing company in Penang, Malaysia. His task was to resolve
any failure that occur during the production process of electronic products. Then, since 2005
he has been moved to Universiti Malaysia Perlis as an academician. His research interest
includes the analysis and development of new sources of energy harvesting system and
techniques, antenna design and microwave engineering. Currently he is a senior lecturer at
Faculty of Electronics Engineering Technology at University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). He
can be contacted at email: rosemizi@unimap.edu.my.