computer, computer technology

1. Chapter 8
Operating
Systems and
Utility Programs

2. Chapter 8 Objectives
Identify the types of system softwareIdentify the types of system software
Summarize the startup process
on a personal computer
Summarize the startup process
on a personal computer
Discuss ways that some operating
systems help administrators control a
network and administer security
Discuss ways that some operating
systems help administrators control a
network and administer security
Explain the purpose of the utilities
included with most operating systems
Explain the purpose of the utilities
included with most operating systems
Summarize the features of several
stand-alone operating systems
Summarize the features of several
stand-alone operating systems
Identify various network operating systemsIdentify various network operating systems
Identify devices that use several
embedded operating systems
Identify devices that use several
embedded operating systems
Explain the purpose of several
stand-alone utility programs
Explain the purpose of several
stand-alone utility programs
Next
Describe the functions of an operating systemDescribe the functions of an operating system

3. System Software
What is system software?
Nextp. 392
Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS)
(sometimes called the(sometimes called the platformplatform))
coordinates all activitiescoordinates all activities
among computeramong computer
hardwarehardware
resourcesresources
Programs thatPrograms that
control operationcontrol operation
of computerof computer
Two types areTwo types are
operating systemsoperating systems
and utility programsand utility programs
Click to view animation

4. Operating Systems
What are the functions of an operating system?
Nextp. 392 Fig. 8-1
monitor
performance
provide a user interface
provide file
management and
other utilities
establish an
Internet connection
control a
network
administer
security
start the computer manage programs
schedule jobs and
configure devices
manage
memory

5. Operating Systems
What is a cross-platform application?
Nextp. 393
Operating System/
Platform A
Operating System/
Platform B
Operating System/
Platform C
Operating System/
Platform D
Application
 Runs identically on multiple operating systems
 Operating system that computer uses is sometimes
called the platform

6. Operating System Functions
What is booting?
Nextp. 394 Fig. 8-2
 Cold boot
Turning on
computer that has
been powered off
 Warm boot
Restarting
computer that is
powered on
Warm boot from Windows
desktop
Warm boot from system unit
 Process of starting or restarting a computer

7. Operating System Functions
What messages display on the screen
when you boot the computer?
Nextp. 394 Fig. 8-3

8. Operating System Functions
How does a personal computer boot up?
Nextp. 395 Fig. 8-4
Step 1. Power supply
sends signal to com-
ponents in system unit
Step 4. Results of POST are
compared with data in CMOS chip
Step 2. Processor
accesses BIOS to start
computer
Step 3. BIOS runs tests,
called the POST, to
check components such
as mouse, keyboard,
and adapter cards
Step 5. BIOS looks for system files
in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD
drive, and then hard disk
Step 6. Kernel (core) of operating
system loads into RAM
Step 7. Operating system loads
configuration information and
displays desktop on screen
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click BIOS
below Chapter 8

9. Operating System Functions
What is a recovery disk?
Nextp. 397 Fig. 8-5
Step 1. Click Start button on taskbar,
point to All Programs on Start menu,
point to Accessories on All Programs
submenu, point to Systems Tools on
Accessories submenu, and then point
to Backup.
Step 2. Click Backup on Systems Tools
submenu to open the Backup Utility
window. (If Backup or Restore Wizard
displays, click Advanced Mode link.)
Point to Automated System Recovery
Wizard button.
Step 3. Click Automated
System Recovery Wizard
button to create recovery disk.
Follow the on-screen
instructions and insert a
diskette when prompted.
 Contains system files that will start computer when
computer cannot boot
 Also called boot disk

10. Operating System Functions
What is a user interface?
Nextp. 398 Fig. 8-6
command-line interface menu-driven interface
Click to view animation
 Controls how you enter data and instructions and how
information displays on screen

11. Operating System Functions
What is a graphical user
interface (GUI)?
Nextp. 398 Fig. 8-6
 User interacts with
menus and visual
images such as icons
and buttons

12.  Foreground contains
program you are using
 Background contains
programs that are
running but are not
in use
Operating System Functions
What is single user/
multitasking?
Nextp. 399 Fig. 8-7
 Working on two or
more programs that
reside in memory at
same time

13. Has duplicate
components such as
processors, memory,
and disk drives
Enables two or
more users to
run programs
simultaneously
Continues to
operate when one
of its components
fails
Operating System Functions
What are other program management features of
operating systems?
Nextp. 400
Can support two
or more processors
running programs
at same time
fault-tolerant computerfault-tolerant computer
multiusermultiuser
multiprocessingmultiprocessing
Click to view animation

14. Operating System Functions
What is memory management?
Nextp. 400 Fig. 8-8
Step 1. The
operating system
transfers the least
recently used data
and program
instructions to disk
because memory is
needed for other
functions.
Step 2. The
operating system
transfers data and
program instructions
from disk to
memory when they
are needed.
 Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
 With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM

15. Operating System Functions
How does an operating system schedule jobs?
Nextp. 401
Transferring itemsTransferring items
between storagebetween storage
and memoryand memory
SendingSending
informationinformation
to output deviceto output device
ProcessingProcessing
instructionsinstructions
Receiving dataReceiving data
from input devicefrom input device
Adjusts schedule
based on
job’s priority
AA jobjob is operationis operation
the processor managesthe processor manages

16. Operating System Functions
What is spooling?
Nextp. 401 Fig. 8-9
 Sending print jobs to buffer instead of
directly to printer
 Print jobs line up in queue

17. Operating System Functions
What is a device driver?
Nextp. 402
DeviceDevice
DriverDriver
Program thatProgram that
tells operating systemtells operating system
how to communicatehow to communicate
with devicewith device
WithWith Plug and PlayPlug and Play,,
operating systemoperating system
automatically configuresautomatically configures
new devices as younew devices as you
install theminstall themAlso calledAlso called driverdriver
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Plug and Play
below Chapter 8

18. Operating System Functions
How do you install a device driver?
Nextp. 402 Fig. 8-10
Step 1. Open Control
Panel window. Point to
Printers and Other
Hardware link.
Step 2. Click Printers and
Other Hardware link. Point
to Add a printer link.
Step 3. Click Add a
printer link. Follow
on-screen instructions.
Step 4. Add Printer
Wizard searches for
Plug and Play printers
on your computer. If it
finds any such
printers, it installs
them.
Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and
Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to
install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy
disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary
driver files to complete the installation of printer.

19. Operating System Functions
How do you establish an Internet connection?
Nextp. 403 Fig. 8-11
 Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard
 Guides user through setting up connection between
computer and Internet

20. Operating System Functions
How does an operating system monitor performance?
Nextp. 404 Fig. 8-12
 Provides program, called performance monitor,
that assesses and reports information about
system resources
and devices

21. Operating System Functions
What is a network operating system?
Nextp. 404 Fig. 8-13
 Allows users to share printer, Internet
access, files, and programs on a network
 Administers security
by establishing user
name and password for
each user

22. Operating System Utility Programs
What is a utility program?
Nextp. 405 Fig. 8-14
 System software that performs
maintenance-type tasks
 Also called
utility

23. Operating System Utility Programs
What is a file manager?
Nextp. 406 Figs. 8-15–8-16
 Performs functions such as copying, renaming,
deleting, and moving files
 Image viewer
displays contents
of graphics file
when you double
click on it

24. Operating System Utility Programs
What is an uninstaller?
Nextp. 406
In Windows XP,In Windows XP,
uninstaller is in Add/Removeuninstaller is in Add/Remove
Programs in Control PanelPrograms in Control Panel
Removes aRemoves a
program andprogram and
all associated filesall associated files

25. Operating System Utility Programs
What is a disk scanner?
Nextp. 407 Fig. 8-17
 Detects and corrects problems on
hard disk or floppy disk
 Searches for and removes
unnecessary files

26. Operating System Utility Programs
What is a disk defragmenter?
Nextp. 407 Fig. 8-18
file before defragmentingfragmented disk
file after
defragmenting
 Reorganizes files and unused space on hard
disk so programs run faster

27. Operating System Utility Programs
What is a diagnostic utility?
Nextp. 408 Fig. 8-19
 Compiles technical information
about hardware and some
software
 Prepares report outlining
problems

28. Operating System Utility Programs
What is a backup utility?
Nextp. 408 Fig. 8-20
 Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto
another disk or tape
 Most compress files
during backup to
require less storage
space

29. Operating System Utility Programs
What is a screen saver?
Nextp. 408 Fig. 8-21
 Causes monitor’s screen to display moving
image or blank screen if there is no activity
for a specified time
 To secure computer,
user configures screen
saver to require
password to
deactivate
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Screen Savers
below Chapter 8

30. Device-
dependent
Runs only on specific
type of computer
Types of Operating Systems
What are some characteristics of operating systems?
Nextp. 409
Downward
compatible
Works with application
software written for
earlier version of
operating system
Upward
compatible
Runs on new versions of
operating system
Proprietary
software
Privately owned and
limited to specific vendor
or computer model
Device-
independent
Runs on many
manufacturers’
computers

31. Stand-aloneStand-alone
Types of Operating Systems
What are three categories of operating systems?
Nextp. 409
EmbeddedEmbedded NetworkNetwork

32. Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?
Nextp. 410
DD
Developed inDeveloped in
early 1980searly 1980s
for personalfor personal
computerscomputers
OO
Used command-lineUsed command-line
interface when firstinterface when first
developed, laterdeveloped, later
included menusincluded menusSSHardly used todayHardly used today
because it doesbecause it does
not offer GUInot offer GUI

33. Stand-Alone Operating Systems
How do Windows versions compare?
Nextp. 410
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x 1990
Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001

34.  Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows
operating system
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Windows XP?
Nextp. 410 Fig. 8-24
 Available in five
editions:
Home Edition,
Professional Edition,
Tablet PC Edition,
Media Center Edition,
and 64-bit Edition
Click to view video
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Windows XP
below Chapter 8

35. Windows XP Features
Appearance and Performance
Administration
Help and Support
Communications and the Web
Digital Media
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What are some features of Windows XP?
Nextp. 411

36. Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Mac OS X?
Nextp. 413 Fig. 8-27
 Available only for computers manufactured
by Apple
 Macintosh operating
system has been
model for most GUIs
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Mac OS X
below Chapter 8

37. Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is UNIX?
Nextp. 413 Fig. 8-28
 Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power
 Most versions
offer GUI
 Both a stand-alone
and a network
operating system
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click UNIX
below Chapter 8

38. Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Linux?
Nextp. 414 Fig. 8-29
Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat
Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown
in this example.
 Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type
operating system
 Open-source softwaree—
code is available to
public
 Both a stand-alone
and a network
operating system

39. Network Operating Systems
What are examples of network
operating systems?
Nextp. 415
NetWareNetWare
Designed forDesigned for
client/serverclient/server
networksnetworks
WindowsWindows
Server 2003Server 2003
Upgrade to WindowsUpgrade to Windows
2000 Server2000 Server
LinuxLinux
Multi-purposeMulti-purpose
operating systemoperating system
SolarisSolaris
 Version of UNIXVersion of UNIX
developed by Sundeveloped by Sun
MicrosystemsMicrosystems
 Specifically forSpecifically for
e-commercee-commerce
applicationsapplications
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click NetWare
below Chapter 8

40. Embedded Operating Systems
What is an embedded operating system?
Nextp. 416 Fig. 8-30
 Found on most mobile
computers, PDAs, and other
small devices
 Windows CE .NET is
scaled-down version of
Windows

41. Embedded Operating Systems
What are two operating systems for PDAs?
Nextp. 417 Figs. 8-31–8-32
Click to view video
 Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC
 Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Windows Mobile 2003
below Chapter 8
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Palm OS below
Chapter 8

42. Embedded Operating Systems
What is Symbian OS?
Nextp. 417 Fig. 8-33
 Open-source, multitasking operating system
designed for smart phones
 Make telephone calls,
save appointments,
browse Web, send
and receive e-mail
and faxes, and more

43. Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a virus?
Nextp. 418 Fig. 8-34
SIGNS OFSIGNS OF
VIRUSVIRUS
INFECTIONINFECTION
Click to view animation
 Potentially damaging computer program
 Affects computer without user’s knowledge

44. Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is an antivirus program?
Nextp. 418 Fig. 8-35
Click to view animation
 Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files
 Must be updated frequently
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Antivirus Programs
below Chapter 8

45. Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a personal firewall?
Nextp. 419 Fig. 8-36
 Protects personal computer from unauthorized
intrusions
 Monitors all
transmissions
to and from
computer
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Personal Firewalls
below Chapter 8

46. Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a file compression utility?
Nextp. 419 Fig. 8-37
 Shrinks size of files to free up room
and improve performance
 Compressed files are sometimes called
zipped files
 Two popular utilities:
PKZIP and WinZip

47. Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a personal computer maintenance utility?
Nextp. 420 Fig. 8-38
 Identifies and fixes operating system problems and
disk problems
 Some continuously
monitor computer to
identify problems
before they occur

48. Summary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs
Chapter 8 Complete
Define an operating systemDefine an operating system
Discuss the functions common to
most operating systems
Discuss the functions common to
most operating systems
Introduce several utility programs commonly
found in operating systems
Introduce several utility programs commonly
found in operating systems
Discuss a variety of stand-alone
operating systems, network operating systems,
and embedded operating systems
Discuss a variety of stand-alone
operating systems, network operating systems,
and embedded operating systems
Describe several stand-alone
utility programs
Describe several stand-alone
utility programs