types of moral values

1. ASSIGNMENT NO: 1
ISLAMIYAT
SUBMITTED TO: DR SALMA
SUBMITTED BY: EISHA AFZAAL
MORAL VALUES IN ISLAM

2. Morality in Islam encompasses the concept of righteousness,
good character, and the body of moral qualities
and virtues prescribed in Islamic religious texts .The principle and
fundamental purpose of Islamic morality is love: love for God and
love for God's creatures. The religious conception is that mankind
will behave morally and treat each other in the best possible
manner to please God.
TYPES OF MORAL VALUE
 Charity and philanthropy
 FORGIVENESS
 TOLERANCE
 HONESTY
 KINDNESS AND LENIENCY
 KIND TREATMENT TO ANIMALS
 JUSTICE
 FULLFILMENT TO PROMISE
 MODESTY AND HUMILITY
 DECENT SPEECH
 TRUSTWORTHINESS
 ANGER MANAGEMENT
 SINCERITY
 RESPECTING THE ELDERS
Charity and philanthropy
Numerous verses of the Quran and the sayings of Muhammad tell
the Muslims to be generous with their wealth and to respond to the calls of

3. the mankind's needs .Muslims believe that spending wealth for others,
especiallyfor the needy, and helping people are a fundamental duty for
them,[14]
and these things earn God's mercyand reward in the afterlife.
Similarly, caring for one's kinsmen and neighbors has also been
emphasized.The Quran says that the righteous are those people who fulfill
their promises,and feed the needy, the orphans and the captive for the
love of God (76:5-8).
At another place, it says
"Those who (in charity) spend their goods by night and by
day, in secret and in publichave their reward with their
Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve"
(2:274).
In a long hadith collected in Sahih Muslim, Jarir narrates that once they
were with Muhammad when some poorpeople came.They were ill-clad
with torn dressesand were starving. When Muhammad saw them, the
color of his face changed. He asked Bilal to assemble the people and then
delivered a speech,and said
"Everyoneshould givein charity dinar,dirham,cloth,dates,wheat,
etc." He went on till he urged:"Give,even if it is a stone of a date."
After this, a man from Ansar brought a bag so full of materials that it was
slipping from his hand. Other people also brought things to be given in
charity till there were two big heaps of eatable goods and clothes.At that,
the face of Muhammad glowed with joy.
Miserliness is discouraged in Islam, and the hoarding of wealth which is not
used to redress the miseries of the needy and the poor is seento be a
cause of punishment in the afterlife. Helping people in time of their needs is
seen more important than praying in the mosque.[

4. Forgiveness
As a virtue, forgivenessis much celebrated in Islam, and is regarded as an
important Muslim practice, inspired by both the Quran and the Sunnah.
The issue of forgiveness cantake on two differentforms:God's forgiveness
for human beings for their sins, and forgiveness among fellowhuman
beings for each other. In the first instance, human beings have been asked
to seekGod's forgivenessfortheir sins, and they have been promised
God's mercyand forgiveness.In the second instance, human beings have
been encouraged to practice the act of forgiveness among themselves.
To forgive a personwho has done moral offense,and not to be cruel to
him is seen as a noble virtue.
In Islamic theology, the act of forgiveness is not meant to deny or
underplay the moral injury suffered by the victim; rather it involves a
positive change in mentality toward the offender.Thus,an act of
forgiveness means rising above one's self-interestor narrow-mindedness,
and achieving nobler quality of heart. Those who practice the act of
forgiveness have been promised reward by God.
In a frequently quotedhadith,Muhammad is reportedas saying:
'the best deeds before God are to pardon a person who has
wronged you, to show affection for relatives who have
broken ties with you, and to act generously towards a
person who has deprived you

5. Tolerance
.After its introduction in 610 CE, Islam sought to moderate the violent
attitudes, prevalent among the people of pre-Islamic Arabia, with the
practice of tolerance and other virtues. Islam expects people to practice
tolerance in their family and social life. It is the teaching of Islam that
when faced with ill-treatment by any unwise person, a sensible person
should be less reactive and more tolerant. The misbehavior of others
should not provoke him to do t During this period, Muhammad was once
asked by his companions to invoke God's wrath on the persecutors.
Muhammad became displeased with such a request and advised them
to be more tolerant. In the History of Islam, Abdullah ibn Ubayy was
known as the "leader of the hypocrites .The activities of the hypocrites
were condemned by several verses in the Quran. After Ubayy's death, at
his son's request, Muhammad offered his own shirt as Ubayy's shroud.
At his son's second request, Muhammad even led his funeral
prayer. When Umar objected about this, Muhammad said:
"If I knew that Allah will pardon Ubayy if I pray for his
forgiveness more than seventy times, I would even do
that.
Given that diversity is a natural phenomenon in this world, the Quran puts much
emphasis on the observance of tolerance in order to maintain peace and
security.
In the Quran recognizes the diversity among people:
'O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a
male and a female, and made you into nationsand tribes,
that ye may know each other(not that ye may despise
each other).
Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most
righteous of you. In a nutshell, it is the teaching of Islam that the diversity or
difference in social, cultural, political,financial or religious spheres are to be
accepted by members of communities to secure a peaceful co-existence.
About religious tolerance, the Quran says:
'Let there be no compulsion in religion'
No forceful conversion is recognized in Islam.

6. Honesty
In Islam, honesty implies maintaining sincerity and truthfulness in all
actions, interactions, and transactions, and the issue of honesty touches
almost all aspects of human life. Here, honesty serves as a umbrella term
having some basic components like speaking truth; fulfilling commitments,
whether written or verbal; remaining truthful to one's word; rendering the
assigned duty sincerely and as meticulously as possible;imparting
everyone's due rights without the person's asking for it; being objective in
evaluating any case and giving judgments;avoiding falsehood,deception,
and favoritism. Selectionand promotionof personnelin an organization
based on merit and not on favoritism is also a part of honesty.IN QURAN
ALLAHSAYS :
“DO NOT MIX THE TRUTH WITH THE FALSEHOOD
OR CONCEAL THE TRUTH WHILE YOU KNOW “
As Islam is a God-centeredreligion, honesty demands that it be maintained
not only in public but also in private, not only when supervised but also
when not supervised.[31]
Honesty has particularly been emphasized
in business transactions, not only in selling and buying but in issues
like pricing and advertising policies. .
Again, Muhammadhas instructed thatthe sellers shouldput the
commoditiesof poorer quality in clear display so that the customers
are not deceived.
Similarly, exaggerated claims and suppressionof unfavorable information
in advertising are discouraged.[34]
Honesty is regarded by Muslim scholars
as one of the five essential qualities for any Muslim accountants.

7. Justice
Justice meaningis thus "a combination of moral and social values
denoting fairness, balance, temperance and straightforwardness .The
Quran at its two hundred places warns people against injustice, and at its
one hundred places directs people to establishing justice.
The Quran served for the early Muslims, as it serves for the present
Muslims, as the primary source for the notion of justice. As his capacity as
a prophet,the Quranic notion of justice was explained and translated into
practice by Muhammad in dealing with various social issues, examples
and standards of justice in societyand paving ways for the later Muslim
theologians and scholars to "formulate theories of justice
“
To render justice ranks as the
most nobleof acts of devotion
next to belief in God. It is the
greatest of all the duties entrusted
to the prophets…and it is the
strongest justification for man’s
stewardship of earth. ”
The Quranic injunction of fairness and fair dealing is equally applicable to
all people,irrespective of caste, creed,and color. According to the scholars
of the Quran, rendering justice to people is a trust from God entrusted on
mankind, and this should be fulfilled with a sense of responsibility.
Respecting the elders
The family and the social tradition in Islamic world has long fostered the
idea of respecting the elders of family and society. Elders are generally

8. honored by the young members as part of both Islamic culture and religious
duty. It is one of the important Islamic good manners found in Islamic world.
Examplesof respecting elders include, among others, not walking ahead
of the elders,allowing them to talk first in meetings,avoiding argument with
them, and not raising voice before them.
Prophetic tradition narrates that
'he who does not love the younger and does not respect
the elders is not one of us”
Anas ibn Malik narrates that Muhammad said,
'If a young man honorsan elderly on account of his age,
Allah appointssomeone to honorhim in his old age'
Islamic traditions generally do not separate the older into old homes, rather
accommodate them into their own houses.They are also respectedas the
guardian of the house. With regard to the rights of parents, the Quranic
injunction is to behave well with them, to take care of them especiallyin
their old age, not to be rude to them, and to show highest respectto them.

9. Patience
The issueof patience is of special interest in Islam. Islamic tradition holds that
God has made this world atesting ground for mankind, especially for the
believers, and that the sincerity and strength of their faith will be judged
through varioustrials.[59]
Patience is one of the moral qualities which Islamic
sharia considersnecessary for a Muslim in order to keep away from
evildoings, and in a broader sense, to protect his faith.[48]
This is because
Islamic holy scripturessay that believers will be tested with various
adversariesin their life, and only those who can provetheir faith and can
remain grateful to God despite those adversarieswill earn His blessings.
In Islamic theology ,
the solution to any crisis in a Muslim's life lies in two
things: prayer and patience(Quran 2:153),
and Muslimshave been asked to seek God'shelp through these two things

10. Kindness and leniency
The Quran and the hadith describe God as being kind and mercifulto His
creatures, and tell people to be kind likewise. Among the 99 Names of
God in Islam, the most commonand famous are "the Compassionate" (al-
raḥmān) and "the Merciful" (al-raḥīm). The Quran says,
"Verily, Allah is kind and merciful to the people"
(2:143).Numerous sayings of Muhammad tell the Muslims to be kind and
merciful to the creatures of God.
Narrated in Sahih Muslim, Muhammad said,
"Verily, Allah is mild and is fond of mildness, and He
gives to the mild what He does not give to the
harsh"(SahihMuslim,)
Muhammad has been described as being kind and compassionate to
people and animals. Biographies of Muhammad record incidences showing
his kindness and leniency to others. Once, a man came to him and said
that he had committed a certain sin. As reparation for his sin, Muhammad
asked the man if he could free a slave upon which the man expressedhis
inability. Muhammad asked him if he could fast for two months upon which
the man replied in the negative. Muhammad asked him again if he could
feed sixty poor men upon which the man replied that he was even unable
to do that. In the meantime, a bag of dates was brought there as gift for
Muhammad. Muhammad gave the bag of dates to the man and told him to
distribute the dates among the poor as reparation. The man passionately
said "who is poorerthan me in Medina?" Hearing this, Muhammad smiled
and told the man to distribute the dates among his own family members.[38]

11. Kind treatment to animal
Islam has prescribed kind treatment not only to humans but also to
animals. Prophet Muhammad was probably the first in history to talk about
the rights and proper treatment of animals. Kind and humane treatment earn
virtue, and can even be a means of salvation. Similarly, cruelty towards animals
can lead to punishment by God
For proper treatment of animals, Islam has specified some guidelines:
 All pet and farm animals have the rights of proper food and shelter. The
owner has the obligation to arrange for food and shelter for his animals.[39][40]
 Animals which are used to carry goods should not be over-loaded.[42]
 Animals must not be tortured, beaten, or hurt unnecessarily. They are not to
be killed for recreation. Also, the body parts of any live animal must not be
mutilated.[39][42]
 Islam has prohibited the old custom of setting live animals or birds as targets
for shooting practices.[39][42]
 Prophet Muhammad has forbidden separating the birds from their off-
springs.[42]
 Animal slaughtering process should be such which is the least painful to the
animal. Slaughtering of one animal in front of another is prohibited in Islam
Holy prophet(P B U H ) says
“May the curse of Allah be on the one who treats the
animal harshly .”

12. MORAL VALUES