Exploring multimodal racial representations in selected children storybooks published in the Philippines
1. Exploring MultiModal
rEprEsEntations of racial idEntitiEs
in sElEctEd childrEn storybooks
publishEd in thE philippinEs
Ernesto Ramos Jr
DLSU-Dasmarinas
Philippines
epramos@dlsud.edu.ph
International Conference
for Academic Disciplines
University of Las Vegas
Nevada
March 18 – 22, 2013
2. “Probably, a more important goal of research on
children’s literature than book selection is the raising of
awareness on the way language in children’s storybooks
represents or misrepresents reality and how these
(mis)representations influence the way children see and
live in the real world.” (Ramos, 2006)
3. Research Questions
1. How were racial
identities created in
selected children
storybooks published in
the Philippines?
4. 1. How were racial identities created in selected
children storybooks published in the Philippines?
Racial identities were
created through visual as
well as lexical markers.
5. 1. How were racial identities created in selected
children storybooks published in the Philippines?
Visual Racial
Markers
6. 1. How were racial identities created in selected
children storybooks published in the Philippines?
Visual Racial
Markers
Skin Color
7. 1. How were racial identities created in selected
children storybooks published in the Philippines?
Visual Racial
Markers
Cultural and
historical
artifacts
such as
clothing,
accessories,
tools, etc.
8. 1. How were racial identities created in selected
children storybooks published in the Philippines?
Visual Racial
Markers
Combination
Skin Color
Cultural and
historical
artifacts
such as
clothing,
accessories,
tools, etc.
9. 1. How were racial identities created in selected
children storybooks published in the Philippines?
Lexical Racial
Markers
Lahi = Race
“White”
“Black”
“Brown”
“Red”
“Yellow”
Indirectly
“Caramba”
“Invaders”
10. Research Questions
2. How were racial
identities represented
in selected children
storybooks published in
the Philippines?
11. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Stereotypes
12. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Stereotypes…
Coon (1962)
5 Human Races
Caucasoid race
Congoid race
Capoid race
Mongoloid race
Australoid race
13. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Caucasoid
race?
14. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Caucasoid
race!
Only these two were clearly identified as caucasoids…
15. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Caucasoid
race!
Only these two were clearly identified as caucasoids…
One of the Invaders Apo Mayor
(Old Mayor)
16. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Capoid race?
17. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Capoid race!
18. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Congoid race?
19. 2. How were racial identities represented in
selected children storybooks published in the
Philippines?
Congoid race?
Capoid race.
20. Research Questions
3. How are ideologies
on race and ethnicity
realized through
linguistic, textual or
visual representations
of racial identities in
children’s storybooks
published in the
Philippines?
21. 3. How are ideologies on race and ethnicity realized?
Inclusion, Exclusion,
Depiction
5 Human Races
Caucasoid race
Congoid race
Capoid race
Mongoloid race
Australoid race
22. 3. How are ideologies on race and ethnicity realized?
Inclusion
Two conflicting depictions…both based on
historical encounters…both reflective of Filipino’s
colonial past.
29. Covert ideology
Which race is
more superior?
Is Bathala
(God) visually
depicted
belonging to
the brown or
the white race?
30. Conclusions and recommendations
1. McLuhan (1965) asserts, “the medium is the message”
(p.7). Children’s storybooks as a medium that makes
use of linguistic as well as visual elements appear to use
stereotypes as both channels of ideology as well as
ideological content. (Ramos, 2006)
2. The study also suggests that visuals are not mere
illustrations since visuals provide detail, information that
is beyond those expressed by the linguistic
elements. (Ramos, 2006)
Or, in the case of this study
ideologies opposite those
conveyed through words.
31. Conclusions and recommendations
1. Since the storybooks used have bilingual texts, future
researchers can also conduct a contrastive analysis of the
Filipino and English versions of the texts in
the children’s storybooks. (Ramos, 2006)
2. Future researchers can also explore similarities and
differences between words and images in representing and
conveying information through other forms of media such
as the internet, television, films, computer games, cell
phone
messages, etc. (Ramos, 2006)
32. “Probably, a more important goal of research on
children’s literature than book selection is the raising of
awareness on the way language in children’s storybooks
represents or misrepresents reality and how these
(mis)representations influence the way children see and
live in the real world.” (Ramos, 2006)
This paper is an extension of a research I conducted as a graduate student at DLSU Manila. The research explored multimodal gender representations in children storybooks published in the Philippines. One important conclusion raised in said study is this insight:
Combination
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
An influential publication was The Races of Europe (1939) by Carleton S. Coon, president of the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists from 1930 to 1961. Coon was a proponent of Multiregional origin of
modern humans. He divided Homo sapiens into five main races
Ethnocentrism and colonial mentality in a single picture.
Ethnocentrism and egocentrism. Me quoting myself again.
Ethnocentrism and egocentrism. Me quoting myself again.
This paper is an extension of a research I conducted as a graduate student at DLSU Manila. The research explored multimodal gender representations in children storybooks published in the Philippines. One important conclusion raised in said study is this insight: